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1.
Rev. salud bosque ; 5(1): 9-14, 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-772932

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer una metodología para el aislamiento de una cepa de hMPV a partir de hisopados nasales provenientes de pacientes con sintomatología de enfermedad respiratoria aguda. Materiales y métodos: A partir de 12 muestras positivas por fluorescencia para hMPV, se hizo la inoculación en células LLCMK2 (epiteliales de riñón de mono Rhesus) con un medio de mantenimiento que contenía tripsina como proteasa. Se evaluó el efecto citopático diario por 10 días y se tomaron células infectadas que se utilizaron para la prueba de fluorescencia y para confirmar la infección. Se utilizó RT-PCR para corroborar la presencia del virus. Resultados: En 8 de las 12 muestras procesadas, se logró aislar el hMPV, confirmándose la infección por fluorescencia y RT-PCR. Conclusiones: A pesar de ser un virus de crecimiento lento y difícil de aislar según los reportes, en este trabajo se logró aislar el hMPV a partir de muestras clínicas frescas, lo cual resulta de gran utilidad en futuros estudios sobre la patogénesis de la infección respiratoria.


Objective: The aim of this work was to establish a laboratory protocol to isolate human metapneumovirus (hMPV) using as a source confirmed respiratory secretion samples from symptomatic patients. Methods: Twelve respiratory secretion samples confirmed for hMPV by immunofluorescence were inoculated on LLCMK2 primate cells using trypsin to improve the virus binding. The cytopathic effect was evaluated during 10 days, then they were stained with an hMPV specific antibody and culture supernatants were used to detect viral RNA by RT-PCR. Results: We isolated hMPV in 8 out of 12 samples. Monkey cells were susceptible to infection and showed viral replication in both immunocytochemistry and molecular tests and even syncytia formation. Conclusion: Despite the hMPV has low replication rates in culture, causing difficulties to isolate it, in this work we accomplish the viral isolation in eight samples that had been previously confirmed containing hMPV. These clinical isolates are a useful tool to study the respiratory infection pathogenesis.


Subject(s)
Respiratory Tract Infections , Metapneumovirus , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Trypsin , Fluorescent Antibody Technique
2.
Rev. Inst. Nac. Hig ; 45(1): 41-50, jun. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: lil-772703

ABSTRACT

El Metapneumovirus Humano (MPVh) ha sido asociado con Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas (IRA) en pacientes de todas las edades. Estudios epidemiológicos indican la prevalencia del MPVh alrededor del mundo, sin embargo, en Venezuela poco se conoce sobre su comportamiento en la población. Este estudio pretende describir el comportamiento epidemiológico de la infección por MPVh en pacientes venezolanos. Se evaluaron por RT-PCR multiplex 1812 hisopados nasales (HN) provenientes de pacientes con diagnóstico de IRA e IRA grave (IRAG) con resultados negativos a virus Influenza, referidos al INHRR entre los años 2010 y 2013. De los Virus Respiratorios no Influenza (VRnI), el MPVh resultó ser el cuarto virus mas detectado con una frecuencia de 9,1%. El 42,02 % de los casos positivos a MPVh fueron niños ≤ 5 años con 29 casos (29/69). Los pacientes positivos a MPVh cursaron IRA alta con fiebre, tos, congestión nasal, disnea/tiraje/rinorrea, malestar general y estridor; e IRAG con hospitalización (58%), neumonía (36,2%), bronquitis aguda (10,1%), bronconeumonía (2,8%), rinofaringitis y laringotraqueobronquitis en el 1,4%. El análisis filogenético de los MPVh demostró la aparente relación de los genotipos A2 y B2 con IRAG. Este estudio permite demostrar la importancia de la detección de otros agentes virales respiratorios y su posible relación con el desarrollo de IRA/IRAG, así como fortalece la vigilancia epidemiológica de las enfermedades respiratoria en Venezuela.


Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has been associated with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in patients of all ages. Epidemiological studies indicate hMPV prevalence around the world, but in Venezuela little is known about its behavior in the population. This study aims to describe the epidemiological behavior of hMPV infection in Venezuelan patients. Were evaluated by RT-PCR multiplex 1812 nasal swabs (HN) from patients diagnosed with ARF and severe ARI (SARI) Influenza virus with negative results, referring to INHRR between 2010 and 2013. Of the non Respiratory Influenza Virus ( VRNI), the fourth hMPV virus proved more detected at a frequency of 9.1%. The 42.02% of hMPV positive cases were children ≤ 5 years with 29 cases (29/69). HMPV positive patients were enrolled IRA with high fever, cough, nasal congestion, dyspnea/ printing / rhinorrhea, malaise and stridor; and SARI inpatient (58%), pneumonia (36.2%), acute bronchitis (10.1%), bronchopneumonia (2.8%), nasopharyngitis and croup at 1.4%. Phylogenetic analysis of the hMPV showed the apparent relationship of the A2 and B2 genotypes with SARI. This study can prove the importance of the detection of other respiratory viral agents and their possible relationship with the development of IRA / SARI and strengthens epidemiological surveillance of respiratory diseases in Venezuela.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Respiratory Tract Infections/pathology , Viruses , Catastrophic Illness/classification , Metapneumovirus/pathogenicity , Respiratory Tract Diseases/virology , Public Health
3.
Rev. Soc. Boliv. Pediatr ; 52(1): 43-49, 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-738282

ABSTRACT

El Metapneumovirus humano (hMPV) constituye una importante causa de Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas (IRAs) en niños hospitalizados. En Paraguay, las IRAs están entre las primeras causas de hospitalización durante la infancia, siendo los virus los principales agentes causales. Sin embargo, aún persiste una alta proporción de casos sin etiología identificada. La pandemia de Influenza en el año 2009, condujo a una intensificación de la vigilancia de las infecciones respiratorias, lo cual permitió al mismo tiempo la búsqueda de otros virus como el hMPV. Nuestro objetivo fue detectar hMPV en niños hospitalizados por IRAs en Paraguay durante el año 2009. Fueron estudiadas 240 muestras respiratorias de niños < 5 años internados por IRAs en Paraguay durante el año 2009, que habían resultado negativas para otros virus respiratorios. Fue utilizado el reactivo LightMix Kit human MPV de TIBMOLBIOL, para la detección del gen N de hMPV por PCR en Tiempo Real, siguiendo el procedimiento indicado por el fabricante. De las 240 muestras estudiadas, 29 (12%) resultaron positivas para hMPV, con la mayor detección en julio y agosto; predominando en mayores de 1 año. Los principales signos y síntomas fueron tos, fiebre y dificultad respiratoria; y las complicaciones más frecuentes neumonía y bronquiolitis. Estos resultados proveen las primeras evidencias en Salud Pública, de la importancia del hMPV asociado a niños hospitalizados por IRAs en Paraguay.


Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a significant cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in hospitalized children. In Paraguay, ARI is one of the leading causes of childhood hospitalization, with viruses being the primary causal agents. However, a large number of cases of unknown etiology remain. The influenza pandemic of 2009 led to intensified vigilance concerning respiratory infections and more thorough efforts to confirm the presence of viruses such as hMPV. Our objective was to detect hMPV in children hospitalized for ARI in Paraguay during 2009. We studied respiratory samples from 240 children age < 5 years hospitalized for IRAs in Paraguay during 2009 who had tested negative for other respiratory viruses. We used the hMPV-reactive LightMix® kit from TIB MOLBIOL for the detection of the nucleoprotein (N) gene by real-time PCR according to manufacturer-specified procedures. Of the 240 samples studied, 29 (12%) were positive for hMPV, with the highest rates detected in July and August (winter) predominating in children over 1 year of age. The most common signs and symptoms were cough, fever, and respiratory distress; while the most common complications were pneumonia and bronchiolitis. These results provide the first evidence concerning the prevalence of hMPV in children hospitalized for ARI in Paraguay.

4.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 47(4): 427-430, ago. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-599775

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: O metapneumovírus humano (MPVh) causa infecções respiratórias em crianças, adultos e idosos imunodeprimidos. O diagnóstico é realizado por imunofluorescência (IF) ou biologia molecular. OBJETIVO: Detectar o MPVh em amostras clínicas pelos métodos de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e imunofluorescência direta (IFD). RESULTADOS: Das 202 amostras, a positividade foi de 2 por cento e 4 por cento para IFD e RT-PCR, respectivamente. Sensibilidade e especificidade da IFD foram de 50 por cento e 100 por cento, respectivamente, considerando o PCR com transcrição reversa (RT-PCR) como padrão-ouro. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo indica a RT-PCR como o melhor método para a identificação de MPVh em amostras clínicas respiratórias e mostra a importância da padronização do teste para inclusão na rotina laboratorial.


INTRODUCTION: Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is responsible for respiratory infections in children and immunocompromised adults and elders. It is commonly diagnosed by immunofluorescence or molecular biology. OBJECTIVE: To detect HMPV in clinical samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct imunofluorescence (DIF) methods. RESULTS: Two percent of 202 samples were positive for DIF and 4 percent of them for reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), respectively. Considering RT-PCR as gold standard, DIF sensitivity and specificity were 50 percent and 100 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: Not only does the study show that RT-PCR is the best method for HMPV detection in clinical respiratory samples but it also substantiates the importance of test standardization in laboratory routine.


Subject(s)
Humans , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques , Metapneumovirus/isolation & purification , Pathology, Molecular , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sensitivity and Specificity
5.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-552733

ABSTRACT

O Vírus respiratório sincicial humano (hRSV - human respiratory syncytial virus) e o Metapneumovírus humano (hMPV - human metapneumovirus) são os principais agentes etiológicos identificados nas infecções respiratórias agudas (IRAs). As IRAs representam importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade em crianças no mundo todo. hRSV e hMPV são membros da família Paramyxoviridae. São vírus envelopados, não-segmentados dotados de genoma de RNA de fita simples com sentido negativo. O hRSV é o agente viral melhor caracterizado neste grupo, associado à doença do trato respiratório inferior. Recentemente foi identificado um novo patógeno humano pertencente à subfamília Pneumovirinae, o hMPV, o qual possui similaridades com o hRSV, na sua organização genômica, estrutura viral, antigenicidade e sintomas clínicos. A subfamília Pneumovirinae contém dois gêneros: gênero Pneumovirus que contêm o hRSV, o RSV bovino (bRSV - bovine RSV), bem como os RSV ovino, caprino e o vírus da pneumonia murina, o segundo gênero Metapneumovirus que consiste do MPV aviário (aMPV - avian MPV) e hMPV. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma breve revisão narrativa da literatura sobre aspectos importantes da biologia, epidemiologia e manifestações clínicas das infecções por estes dois vírus respiratórios.


The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and the human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are the main etiological agents of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). ARIs are an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. The hRSV and hMPV are members of the Paramyxoviridae family. They are enveloped, non-segmented viruses, with negative-sense single stranded genomes. The respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the best characterized viral agent of this group, associated with respiratory diseases in the lower respiratory tract. Recently, a new human pathogen belonging to the subfamily Pneumovirinae was identified, the human metapneumovirus (hMPV), which is structurally similar to the hRSV in terms of genomic organization, viral structure, antigenicity, and clinical symptoms. The subfamily Pneumovirinae contains two genera: genus Pneumovirus contains the hRSV, the bovine RSV (bRSV), as well as the ovine and caprine RSV and pneumonia virus of mice, the second genus Metapneumovirus, consists of the avian MPV (aMPV) and hMPV. In this study, we present a brief review of the literature on important aspects of the biology, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of infections by two respiratory viruses.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Metapneumovirus/pathogenicity , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections , Virus Diseases , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/pathogenicity , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/pathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/transmission
6.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 25(4): 211-217, 2009. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-556740

ABSTRACT

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a newly recognized virus associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). A prospective - 2 - years study aimed to evaluate the circulation rate and the clinical features associated with hMPV infection was conducted in children hospitalized by a severe LRTI. Results: hMPV was found in 24 (10.5 percent) out of the 229 children enrolled. 42 percent> hMPV patients were under 12 months-old and 58 percent have at least one risk factor for severe course of the illness. The most common diagnosis was pneumonia (62.5 percent). Fourty two percent of the patients required assisted ventilation for severe respiratory failure. Co-infections with other respiratory viruses did not result in greater severity of illness. In conclusion our study supports the significant role of hMPV as a major pathogen in severe LRTI in children.


El metapneumovirus humano (hMPV) es un virus de reciente diagnóstico. Se asocia con infecciones respiratorias agudas altas y bajas (IRAb). Se efectuó un estudio prospectivo durante dos años con el objetivo de evaluar la tasa de circulación y los hallazgos clínicos asociados a la infección por hMPV en niños hospitalizados por una IRAb grave. Resultados: hMPV fue demostrado en 24 (10,5 por ciento) de los 229 niños enrolados. 42 por ciento de los pacientes con hMPV eran menores de 12 meses de edad y el 58 por ciento tenía al menos un factor de riesgo para evolución grave de la enfermedad. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue neumonía (62,5 por ciento). Un 42 por ciento de los pacientes requirieron ventilación mecánica asistida por falla respiratoria severa. La co-infección con otros virus respiratorios no significó una enfermedad más grave. En conclusión nuestro estudio confirma la importancia del hMPV como un agente importante en la IRAb grave en niños.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Paramyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Acute Disease , Chile/epidemiology , Hospitalization , Paramyxoviridae Infections/therapy , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Metapneumovirus/isolation & purification , Prospective Studies , Respiration, Artificial , Seasons , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/isolation & purification
7.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 24(4): 313-318, ago. 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-459596

ABSTRACT

Metapneumovirus humano (MPVh), agente de infección respiratoria aguda baja (IRAB) recientemente descrito, ha sido detectado en 5,4 por ciento de lactantes chilenos hospitalizados por IRAB, con estudio negativo para virus respiratorio sincicial, adenovirus, parain-fluenza e influenza. Puede determinar bronquiolitis o neumonía en hospitalizados, en ocasiones llega a requerir conexión a ventilación mecánica y tratamiento en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. En algunos casos se presenta como apnea, situación que es más frecuente en prematuros. Está descrita su transmisión nosocomial. Presentamos el caso de un lactante de un mes de edad, con apnea, antecedente de prematurez e infección por MPVh y una probable adquisición intrahospitalaria. Se revisan las características clínicas de la infección por este agente y se discute la asociación con apnea e infección nosocomial. El MPVh debiera ser incluido en el estudio etiológico de lactantes que presentan apnea con estudio viral convencional negativo y como agente respiratorio de infección nosocomial


Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a recently described pathogen of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), has been detected in 5,4 percent of Chilean infants hospitalized for LRTI whom are negative for adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses. hMPV may cause bronchiolitis or pneumonia in hospitalized patients, and ocassionally require admission to intensive care units and mechanical ventilation. The infection has been associated with apnea, especially in preterm infants. Nosocomial dissemination has also been described. We present the case of a one-month-of age premature infant with apnea, and infection caused by hMPV of probable nosocomial aquisition. Clinical features of hMPV infection are reviewed and its association with apnea and nosocomial transmission is discussed. hMPV should be included in the routine diagnosis of respiratory viruses in infants with apnea and should be considered among the respiratory pathogens associated with nosocomial transmission


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Male , Apnea/virology , Cross Infection/virology , Metapneumovirus/isolation & purification , Paramyxoviridae Infections/complications , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Paramyxoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Paramyxoviridae Infections/drug therapy , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy
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