ABSTRACT
Introduction: Health care costs consciousness refers to care that aims to assess the benefits, harms and costs of interventions by the physicians. Rising health care costs have created an urgent need to improve physicians� knowledge on health care costs for providing cost conscious care. Objectives: This study was done to assess and compare the knowledge and attitude towards health care cost consciousness of the undergraduate medical students and interns. Methodology: A Mixed Method study was done using a standardized questionnaire among 388 medical students and a Qualitative approach using In-depth interviews with 15 practicing physicians and a Focus group discussion to understand their perceptions on cost-conscious care and their opinions on introducing Cost-conscious curriculum for the medical students. Data analysed using a framework analytical approach and NVivo12. Results: 84% of the students agreed that all health personnel should be familiar with health care costs, 84.5% agreed that inclusion of the health care cost consciousness in medical curriculum is important for their carrier. The themes emerged identified the various perceptions, determinants on health care costs, cost-conscious decision making and their responsibility as a physician. Conclusion: The physicians and interns strongly suggested including a structured learning on Cost-Conscious Care as a part of medical education to educate and train the future physicians.
ABSTRACT
Due to the characteristics of the complicated and critical deseases, therapeutic measures in the TCM clinical trials need to be multiple rather than single indexes. It is the flexibility and principle reflection of treatment based on syndrome differentiation. The advantage is more suitable for severe and complex diseases, but the adverse effect is mis-understood by the confounding bias. According to the characteristics of traditional medicine, a new method was proposed for the complicated and critical deseases. Firstly, the randomization with the inclusion criteria was made by the same symptom in a certain stage of disease; and secondly, the comprehensive intervention measures were adopted of processing; Eventually, the statistical difference was calculated. The symptom directed comprehensive interventions have provided the experimental design of the TCM therapeutic clinical trials.
ABSTRACT
Double-blind randomized controlled trial design is the most recognized scheme of therapeutic experimental design.On the assessment of the efficacy of traditional medicine, randomized controlled clinical trial design also has the same value.Only when using the research method towards epidemiology to perform the rigorous design on the clinical trial of traditional medicine and make the objective evaluation of its effect, can it get the real understanding and approval from modern medicine.When making the therapeutic clinical trial under the traditional medicine, due to the characteristics of the subject, therapeutic measures usually need to be changed so they cannot be standardized, and the modification may result in the share of multiple intervention components, which leads to the inaccurateness of results under the effect of confounding bias.According to the characteristics of traditional medicine, a new method was proposed for therapeutic clinical trial.Firstly do the randomization with the inclusion criteria made by the same symptom arise in a certain stage of disease, secondly adopt the standardized intervention measures for processing.Eventually confirm whether there is significant statistical difference.The symptom directing standardized interventions have provided the experimental design of the traditional medical clinical therapy with a feasible scheme, which can solve several problems existing in this design.