Chemical constituents from roots of Sambucus williamsii (I) / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Sambucus williamsii. Methods: Silica gel, ODS, and preparative HPLC were used to isolate the compounds. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data. Results: Eighteen compounds were isolated, and they were identified as 7α-O-ethylmorroniside (1), 7β-O-ethylmorroniside (2), dehydromorroniside (3), loganin (4), 7-dehydrologanin (5), 7-formyloysecologanin (6), sweroside (7), coniferyl alcohol 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), 3-methoxy-4-(2-glycerol)-phenylpropanol (9), (7R, 8R)-7, 8-dihydro-9'-hydroxyl-3'-methoxyl-8- hydroxymethyl-7-(4-hydroxyl-3-methoxyphenyl)- 1'-benzofuranpropanol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), (7R, 8R)-4, 7, 9, 9'- tetrahydroxy-3-methoxy-8-O-4'- neoligan-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (threo) (11), (7R, 8R)-3-methoxy-8, 4'-oxyneoligna-3', 4, 7, 9, 9'- pentol (threo) (12), 5-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-methyl nicotinate (13), 3-(hydroxyacetyl) indole (14), 4'-hydroxy-N-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxybenzoyl)-3', 5'-dimethoxybenzamide (15), 3-methoxyl-1H-pyrrole (16), (1S, 3S)-1-methyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3- carboxylic acid (17), and syringic acid-4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (18). Conclusion: Compounds 8-10 and 13-17 are firstly isolated from the plants in Caprofoliaceae, and furthermore, compounds 1-4, 6, 11, and 18 are isolated from the plants of Sambucus L. for the first time.

Skin Barrier Function Evaluated by Transepidermal Water Loss and Vascular Response to Percutaneous Absorption of Methyl Nicotinate / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: The measurement of transepidermal water loss(TEWL) is widely used in evaluating the stratum corneum barrier function. It is also possible to evaluate the penetration of substances into the skin as an additional parameter of the straturn corneum barrier function. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study is to investigate ihe relationship between TEWL and the percutaneous absorptic n of methyl nicotinate(MN) in the normal and acute perturbative state of the epidermal barrier. METHOD: Vascular response 10 MN penetration were rneasured by both laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and visual erythema oii the forearms of 30 healthy volunteers. Stratum corneum of the ar ea of 2x10cm on the volar for earm was removed by repeated tape stripping when TEWL reached 12-30g/rnh measured with Evaporimeter. The left forearm received no treatrnent as a control site. Each time the profile of the vascular response to MN penetration was analysed using the following parameters:the 1ag-time between MN application and initial response(T0), the time between MN application and maximal response(T(max)), and the rnaximal response(LDF), the time between MN application and initial visual erythema(VT0), and the time between MN application and maxirnum visual erythema(VT(max)). RESULTS: The data showed a negative correlation between TEWL and T0(r=-12.89, p0.05). CONCLUSION: Vascular response to percutaneous absorption of MN measured by LDF as well as TEWL is a useful non-invasiv method for objective evaluation of the stratum corneum barrier function. In addition, visual erythema induced by topical vasodilators such as MN is also a good method for skin barrier function assessment.

Influence of Ultrasound on the Percutaneous Absorption of Methyl Nicotinate / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: The mechanism of enhancing effect of ultrasound on the percutaneous absorption of a drug is unclear. But thermal, chemical and mechanical effects are assumed to play a role in enhancing transdermal drug delivery. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if ultrasound enhances percutaneous absorption of methyl nicotinate(MN) without raising the skins surface temperature. METHODS: Treatment consisted of the application of ultrasound massage(1.0 MHz, 1.0 watt/cm2, continuous output) or placebo massage(0 MHz) for 3 min to the forearms of the volunteers, followed by a standardized application of MN at intervals of 15 sec and 10 min postmassage. Percutaneous absorption of MN was monitored using laser doppler flowmetry. RESULTS: 1. Data from the ultrasound treated sites after 15 sec showed significant decrease(p<0.05, paired t-test) in the T(0)(time between MN application and its initial response), T(MAX)(time between MN application and maximuvi response) and increase in the LDF(MAX) .(maximum cutaneous blood flow) compared to those of the control sites. 2. Data from the ultrasound treated sites after 10 min showed no difference in the T(0) and T(MAX) but significant increase in the LDF(MAX) compared to those of the control sites. 3. Data from ultrasound trvated sites both after 15 sec and 10 min showed significant increase in basal cutaneous blood flow(LDF(DH2O)) compared to those of the control sites. 4. There was no difference between the ultrasound treated sites and the control sites in the skins surface temper ature. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that ultrasound may affect the skin structure to provide skin penetration enharcement even without raising the skins surface temperature.