ABSTRACT
A new electrochemical sensor for organophosphate pesticide(methyl-paraoxon)detection based on bifunctional cerium oxide(CeO2)nanozyme is here reported for the first time.Methyl-paraoxon was degraded into p-nitrophenol by using CeO2 with phosphatase mimicking activity.The CeO2 nanozyme-modified electrode was then synthesized to detect p-nitrophenol.Cyclic voltammetry was applied to investigate the electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode,which indicates that the signal enhancement effect may attribute to the coating of CeO2 nanozyme.The current research also studied and discussed the main parameters affecting the analytical signal,including accumulation potential,accumulation time,and pH.Under the optimum conditions,the present method provided a wider linear range from 0.1 to 100 μmol/L for methyl-paraoxon with a detection limit of 0.06 μmol/L.To validate the proof of concept,the electrochemical sensor was then successfully applied for the determination of methyl-paraoxon in three herb samples,i.e.,Coix lacryma-jobi,Adenophora stricta and Semen nelum-binis.Our findings may provide new insights into the application of bifunctional nanozyme in electro-chemical detection of organophosphorus pesticide.
ABSTRACT
Todos os animais com células nervosas e musculares possuem a enzima acetilcolinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7, AChE) e essa seqüência de aminoácidos está presente em muitas outras proteínas, com ou sem atividade catalítica, fato que permite que essa proteína seja utilizada em estudos de filogenia e de evolução. A grande diferença de afinidade entre substratos e inibidores é utilizada como um biomarcador para estudos genéticos de vários grupos de animais, especialmente insetos. Peixes possuem uma grande diferença na sensibilidade da AChE ao metil-paraoxon (MP) em relação aos animais terrestres e essa diferença pode estar relacionada à evolução. As constantes cinéticas de inibição (CCI) para o mecanismo de inibição progressivamente irreversível da AChE cerebral ao MP foram determinadas em duas fontes de AChE como um modelo para avaliação do potencial de uso das CCI como biomarcador para estudos evolucionários e filogenéticos. As CCI da AChE cerebral de seis exemplares de tainha (Mugil liza), coletados em duas lagoas da costa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Araruama e Saquarema), em tempos diferentes (2005 e 2007, respectivamente), foram determinadas em dois laboratórios distintos (CESTEH - FIOCRUZ e Dept. Bioquímica - UERJ). As CCI, medidas separadamente em cada exemplar, indicaram que essas constantes são preservadas em todos os exemplares de uma mesma espécie e que a metodologia empregada pode ser conduzida em laboratórios distintos sem grandes variações. A AChE cerebral de tainha foi tomada como um exemplo de enzima menos sensível (IC50 = 2118nM) e a de galinha comercial (Gallus gallus domesticus) como um exemplo de uma enzima muito mais sensível ao MP (IC50 = 26nM)...
The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7, AChE) is present in all animalswith neurons and muscle cells, and many other proteins have the same sequence, with or without catalytic activity, allowing them to be used for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. The great difference between substrates and inhibitor affinities makes it useful as a biomarker for genetic studies of various animals groups, especially insects. There are great differences among fish in AChE sensitivity to methyl-paraoxon (MP) in relation to terrestrial animals, and these differences can be related to evolution. The inhibition kinetic constants (IKC) for progressive irreversible inhibition of brain AChE with MP were determined in these two AChE sources as models for evaluating IKC as potential biomarkers in evolutionary and phylogenetic studies, especially among fish. IKC of brain AChE from six specimens of Mugil liza, a very common coastal fish, was collected from two of Brazil's lagoons in Rio de Janeiro State during 2005 at Araruama and 2007 at Saquarema. First samples were assayed at CESTEH - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz and the latter at Dept. Bioquímica - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. The IKC was measured separately for each fish showing that these constants weremaintained for all animals of the same species and that this methodology can beused in different laboratories without variations. The cerebral AChE of tainha was used as an example of a less sensitive enzyme (Concentration which inhibits 50% of enzyme activity after 30 minutes of incubation, or IC50, = 2118nM). The commercial hen (Gallus gallus domesticus) was used an example of a very highly sensitiveenzyme to MP (IC50 = 26nM)...