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Objective To explore the effect of WPBL teaching method in microbiologicla test teach-ing. Method A total of 120 students majoring in clinical laboratory medicine were divided into the experi-mental group (WPBL teaching) and the control group (the traditional teaching) with 60 in each group in 2015. Results Questionnaire survey showed that in the experimental group, 92.6％of the students believe that WPBL teaching method can stimulate learning interest and promote student self-directed learning, 97.3％ believe that WPBL teaching method can improve the ability to analyze and solve problems, 94.7％believe that WPBL teaching method can strengthen teamwork and promote learning exchanges, and 99.6％hold that WPBL teaching method can help them recognize the importance of microbiological tests in the di-agnosis of clinical infectious diseases. The final scores and the usual performance of the experimental group were (75.23 ±11.21) and (24.15 ±1.71), respectively, while those of the control group were (63.42 ±8.21) and (20.26±1.48), respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.005). Conclusions PBL teaching method can fully integrate teaching resources, stimulate students' enthusiasm and initiative, improve students' comprehensive qualities, including the ability to analyze and solve problems, teamwork ability and critical thinking ability, and improve the quality and effect of microbiological test teaching.
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Objective To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of DNA hybridization probe test(Af-firm VPIII) in the identification related microorganisms of bacterial vaginosis(BV),vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Methods Vaginal secretion were detected in 103 patients with symptom and sign of vaginitis in the out patient department. According to Nungent score,the fungal culture as the gold standard. BV blue reagent assay and wet mount microscopy as a common detection method,evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of Affirm VPIII. Results Compared with the Nungent score,the sensitivity and specificity of Affirm VPIII were 98% and 96.2%. Compared with the fungi culture,the sensitivity and specificity of Affirm VPIII were 89.4% and 98.3%. Conclusion Affirm VPIII has high sensitivity and specificity which can identify pathogenic microorganisms of BV,VVC,especially in BV diagnosis.
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Objectve To study director-leading teaching method,raise the students' main body consciousness and innovation spirit and improve the teaching effect of microbiology test.Method 158 students majored in laboratory medicine of Grade 2013 were divided in two groups.80 from class 1 were in test group,and the rest from class 2 were served as control group.The clinical microbiological specimens were collected and identified;the experimental class was designed with the experimental teaching mode,while the control group used the traditional experimental teaching mode.Through the experimental evaluation and questionnaire survey,the difference between new teaching model and the traditional teaching mode were evaluated.SPSS 21.0 software was used in the collected data for processing.Result The theoretical results of the experimental class were (88.65 ± 7.64) and the practical skills were (89.72 ± 7.69) and the control group were (79.88 ± 10.64) and (80.55 ± 9.06).The scores of the experimental class were significantly higher than those of the control class,and there and statistically significant difference between the scores of two classes.T values were 6.851 and 5.938 and P values were 0.000 and 0.000 respectively.Survey results show that:90％ of the students agree with the new teaching methods.Conclusion The teaching result of the new teaching mode is superior to the traditional teaching mode.
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Objective:To explore the chemical-biological evaluation pattern for the quality control and evaluation of Chinese materia medica solid preparations( CMMSP) according with the characteristics of Chinese traditional medicines. Methods:Lonicera granule as the model drug, the bacteria sensitive tests [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration(MBC)] were applied to study the antimicrobial effect of Lonicera extract on 4 kinds of standard strains ( Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoni-ae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The standard curves of the relationship between the anti-bacterial ring diameter for sensitive bacterial and the concentration of Lonicera extracts were established, and the biological potency of Lonicera granule from differ-ent manufacturers was calculated and compared with the result of the HPLC method ( measured by chlorogenic acid) . Results:The anti-microbial test showed that Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible to Lonicera, and the antibacterial circle edge for Staphylococcus aureus was clear with higher sensitivity. There was a good linear relation-ship between the logarithmic dose and the response effect when the concentration of Lonicera was within the range of 0. 014 2-0. 068 0 g· ml-1(r=0.990 9). Conclusion:As a quality control method for Lonicera and Lonicera granules, the bioassay is feasible, which can ef-fectively cooperate with the traditional test method for the quality control of Lonicera and its preparations.
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Aims: The aim of this paper was to assess the incidence of antimicrobial residues in market muscle samples from different animal species (bovine, ovine, poultry and porcine) using a new screening strategy. Methodology: 4849 samples were evaluated with a methodology that combines a broad spectrum microbial test (Explorer) and a specific test for quinolones detection (Equinox). Supplementary tests were performed to achieve additional information about the nature of antimicrobials in positive samples. Results: In a first step, 355 samples (7.3%) showed a positive result in Explorer and/or Equinox tests. The highest incidence of positive samples was obtained in poultry (9.7%) while the lowest rate was found in porcine samples (3.4%). Half of the positive screening samples (53%) showed also a positive result with supplementary tests indicating that tetracyclines, aminoglycosides sulphonamides and quinolones might be present in these samples. Aminoglycosides were the predominant residues in poultry while tetracyclines were more frequent in bovine and porcine samples. Sulphonamides were the main family of residues found in ovine. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the current strategies used for control of antimicrobial residues in muscle could not be adequate enough. In order to protect consumers from antibiotic exposition, it should be advisable to implement more efficient methods for the screening of antibiotic residues in muscle.
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In order to adapt to the requirements of the modern clinical laboratory to medical laboratory technology personnel operation ability,our hospital has modified professional microbiology experiment course to modular teaching from the traditional teaching mode.In the process of teaching experiment,the experiment course and clinical practice class are arranged,and the experiment course of microbiology is divided into five modules:basic skills,application,comprehensive training,extension,and clinical practice module.Basic skills module focuses on the foundation that students learn to observe the microbial morphology and master the basic operation technology,at the same time,cultivates the students' sterile ideas and biological safety;Application module pays attention to the detection of various types of bacteria,lets the student have as many times of trying as possible,battle-hardened;Comprehensive training module emphasizes students' ability of analyzing and resolving problems;Extension module guides students actively to make diffusing thinking and comprehensive analysis of problems;The final clinical practice module that combines theory and practice,further consolidates the basic operation skills,cultivates students' comprehensive ability,improves students' the independent working ability and professional thinking and habits.Five modules link up with each other closely and have progressive layers of the process.In sum,modular teaching motivates the students' interest in learning,solves the problem of students' insufficient operating ability,improves the teaching effect and provides a reform method for improving the quality of microbiological test experiment.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the presence and levels of microbes in unexpired pasteurized milk from randomly selected supermarkets in Kingston, Jamaica.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The quantitative study used a stratified random sampling technique in the selection of the 20 representative milk samples from six (6) supermarkets. Microbiological tests such as methylene blue reduction, standard plate count (SPC), coliform plate count (CPC), purity plate culture, gram staining and biochemical tests were performed to examine the microbes in purchased unexpired pasteurized milk.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>One sample (BCr016) had a pH of 4.0, a rancid odour and curdled appearance. It decolourized within one hour during the methylene blue reduction test and was classified as class 4 milk. Seven of the samples were sterile with no microbe growth on the plate count agar and violet red bile salt agar (VRBA). The milk samples that appeared to be safe for consumption were all 10, 11, 12 and 13 days before expiration. The VRBA sample BCr016, had a colony count of 13 400 CFU/ mL. There was the presence of Escherichia coli in sample LCr021 which had a standard plate count of 1 580 SPC/mL and a coliform count of 500 CFU/mL. Enterobacter sp. was present in colonies from BCr016 and all the other milk samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Unacceptable levels of Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli were found in most of the samples. Effective measures to ensure safe milk for human consumption such as the phosphatase test and methylene blue reduction test should be routinely performed on each batch of milk processed by dairy plants.</p>
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Animals , Humans , Colony Count, Microbial , Developing Countries , Food Microbiology , Jamaica , Milk , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the presence and levels of microbes in unexpired pasteurized milk from randomly selected supermarkets in Kingston, Jamaica. Methods: The quantitative study used a stratified random sampling technique in the selection of the 20 representative milk samples from six (6) supermarkets. Microbiological tests such as methylene blue reduction, standard plate count (SPC), coliform plate count (CPC), purity plate culture, gram staining and biochemical tests were performed to examine the microbes in purchased unexpired pasteurized milk. Results: One sample (BCr016) had a pH of 4.0, a rancid odour and curdled appearance. It decolourized within one hour during the methylene blue reduction test and was classified as class 4 milk. Seven of the samples were sterile with no microbe growth on the plate count agar and violet red bile salt agar (VRBA). The milk samples that appeared to be safe for consumption were all 10, 11, 12 and 13 days before expiration. The VRBA sample BCr016, had a colony count of 13 400 CFU/ mL. There was the presence of Escherichia coli in sample LCr021 which had a standard plate count of 1 580 SPC/mL and a coliform count of 500 CFU/mL. Enterobacter sp. was present in colonies from BCr016 and all the other milk samples. Conclusions: Unacceptable levels of Enterobacter spp. and Escherichiacoli were found in most of the samples. Effective measures to ensure safe milk for human consumption such as the phosphatase test and methylene blue reduction test should be routinely performed on each batch of milk processed by dairy plants.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the difference of the epidemiological, microbiological, and clinical characteristics and risk factors of inpatients with infectious keratitis between an elderly group (group I > or = 60 years) and a younger group (group II < 60 years). METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 255 eyes (male/female: 158/97 eyes, I/II: 116/139 eyes) with infectious keratitis hospitalized at Yeungnam University Hospital between January 2004 and December 2008 was performed. RESULTS: The proportion of bacterial/fungal/herpes viral keratitis was 42/31/27% in group I and 74/8/17% in group II. The proportion of fungal keratitis in relation to bacterial keratitis was higher in group I, as compared to group II (p < 0.001). The ratio of Gram-positive/negative bacteria was 43/30% in group I and 48/46% in group II. The proportion of Gram-positive bacteria in relation to Gram-negative bacteria was higher in group I, as compared to group II (p = 0.025). The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (I/II: 9/10 eyes) among Gram-positive bacteria, Enterobacter species (I: 6 eyes) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (II: 9 eyes) among Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida species (I: 6 eyes, II: 2 eyes) among fungi. Clinical aspects and treatment outcomes, such as previous ocular surgery (I/II: 23/9%), hypertension (26/7%), diabetes mellitus (17/7%), presentation at our clinic after 1 week (43/16%), initial visual acuity less than 0.1 (54/32%), hypopyon (28/15%), epithelial healing time (16/10 days), corneal perforation (18/5%), operative treatment (23/7%), and final visual acuity less than 0.1 (36/14%) were statistically significantly poorer in group I, as compared to group II. Risk factors for unimproved visual outcomes included fungal keratitis in group I and previous ocular surgery and ocular surface disease in group II. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that clinical aspects and treatment outcomes are poor in elderly inpatients with infectious keratitis, special efforts are necessary for a more accurate differential diagnosis and appropriate early treatment to achieve successful treatment outcomes.
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Aged , Humans , Bacteria , Candida , Corneal Perforation , Diabetes Mellitus , Diagnosis, Differential , Enterobacter , Eye , Fungi , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Gram-Positive Bacteria , Hypertension , Inpatients , Keratitis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Avaliou-se a eficiência dos testes microbiológicos COPAN (Microplate e Single) para detecção de resíduos de 13 antimicrobianos inoculados em leite isento de resíduos. Foram utilizadas quatro concentrações, sendo a primeira equivalente à metade do limite de detecção declarado pelo fabricante (C1); a segunda equivalente ao limite máximo de resíduos (LMR) estabelecido pela legislação brasileira (C2); a terceira equivalente ao limite de detecção declarado pelo fabricante (C3); e a quarta equivalente ao dobro do limite de detecção declarado pelo fabricante (C4). Os testes apresentaram 100 por cento de sensibilidade na detecção de amoxicilina, ampicilina, cloxacilina, penicilina, tilosina, sulfadiazina, sulfametoxazol, e 96,7 por cento na detecção de oxacilina para as concentrações informadas pelo fabricante como limite de detecção. Em relação às concentrações estabelecidas pela legislação brasileira, verificou-se que os testes foram capazes de detectá-las para a maioria dos antimicrobianos avaliados. Os testes não se mostraram eficientes na detecção das concentrações estabelecidas pela legislação para eritromicina, oxitetraciclina, tetraciclina, trimetoprim e gentamicina (Microplate).
The efficacy of the microbiological kits COPAN (Microplate and Single) for detection of antimicrobials residues was tested. Thirteen drugs were inoculated into milk without residues at four concentration levels: C1 - half of the detection threshold declared by the manufacturer, C2 - the maximum residues threshold established by the Brazilian legislation, C3 - the detection threshold declared by the manufacturer, and C4 - two fold the detection threshold declared by the manufacturer. The tests showed 100 percent efficient in detection of amoxicillin, cloxacillin, penicillin, tilosin, sulfadiazine, and sulfa methoxazol; and 96.7 percent for oxacillin considering the concentration stated by the manufacturer as threshold level. Regarding the concentrations established by the Brazilian legislation, all tested kits were able to detect most of the evaluated antimicrobials. The kits were not efficient in detection of the concentration levels established by the Brazilian legislation for erythromycin, oxytetracyclin, tetracyclin, trimetoprim, and gentamycin (Microplate).
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Animals , Efficiency , Microbiological Techniques , MilkABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the epidemiological, microbiological, and clinical characteristics of inpatients with infectious keratitis and also to elucidate risk factors for unimproved visual outcomes. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 167 eyes in 167 patients with infectious keratitis hospitalized between January 2005 and December 2007 at Yeungnam University Hospital. RESULTS: Keratitis cases were classified into four groups according to etiology: 92 bacterial, 43 herpes virus, 31 fungal, and 1 acanthamoeba. Culture positivity was 44.6% in bacterial keratitis and 22.6% in fungal keratitis, and KOH positivity of fungus was 48.4%. Of all the 55 isolated pathogens, the most commonly isolated microorganisms were S. epidermidis in Gram-positive bacteria, P. aeruginosa in Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida species in fungus. Epidemiologic characteristics such as male gender (59.9%), an age in the seventh decade (24.6%), farming occupation (40.1%), and trauma with vegetable matter (42.5%) were noted. Many fungal and bacterial keratitis cases were characterized by inadequate use of topical steroid when patients initially presented to our clinic. Visual outcomes were poorer in fungal keratitis than they were in other forms of keratitis. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for unimproved visual outcomes included an ulcer exceeding 3 mm in size and a fungal source. Therefore, a strong effort should be made to discern a differential diagnosis in infectious keratitis and to determine the appropriate early treatment for a successful treatment outcome.
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Humans , Male , Acanthamoeba , Candida , Diagnosis, Differential , Eye , Fungi , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Gram-Positive Bacteria , Inpatients , Keratitis , Keratitis, Herpetic , Occupations , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Ulcer , Vegetables , VirusesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the epidemiological, microbiological, and clinical characteristics of inpatients with infectious keratitis and also to elucidate risk factors for unimproved visual outcomes. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 167 eyes in 167 patients with infectious keratitis hospitalized between January 2005 and December 2007 at Yeungnam University Hospital. RESULTS: Keratitis cases were classified into four groups according to etiology: 92 bacterial, 43 herpes virus, 31 fungal, and 1 acanthamoeba. Culture positivity was 44.6% in bacterial keratitis and 22.6% in fungal keratitis, and KOH positivity of fungus was 48.4%. Of all the 55 isolated pathogens, the most commonly isolated microorganisms were S. epidermidis in Gram-positive bacteria, P. aeruginosa in Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida species in fungus. Epidemiologic characteristics such as male gender (59.9%), an age in the seventh decade (24.6%), farming occupation (40.1%), and trauma with vegetable matter (42.5%) were noted. Many fungal and bacterial keratitis cases were characterized by inadequate use of topical steroid when patients initially presented to our clinic. Visual outcomes were poorer in fungal keratitis than they were in other forms of keratitis. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for unimproved visual outcomes included an ulcer exceeding 3 mm in size and a fungal source. Therefore, a strong effort should be made to discern a differential diagnosis in infectious keratitis and to determine the appropriate early treatment for a successful treatment outcome.