ABSTRACT
Background: In forensic anthropology, determining an individual’s sex is the fundamental criteria of identification, but this is a tough task that gets considerably more difficult when only a single bone, such as the clavicle, is available. In physical anthropology, determining the sex of a deceased individual is a fundamental prerequisite. Physical anthropologists have gotten more concerned about the difficulties of human identity in recent years. Traditional techniques of sexing bone are subjective and ineffective when absolute sexing precision is desired, hence this study. Methods: Measurement of clavicular length and circumference using an Osteometric board or sliding and Vernier Callipers product from 1128 dry clavicles of unknown sex and age procured from various medical institutions and departments of anthropology in south India. Length, inner angle, outer angle, the sum of angles, inner segment, middle segment, outside segment, width at the inner end at an inner angle, least width at conoid tubercle, at the outer end, and mid circumference have all been measured. Results and Discussion: The male mid-shaft circumference is 38.0±0.5mm on the right side and 36.5±0.5mm on the left side, whereas the female mid-shaft circumference is 31.4±0.3mm on the right side and 31.4±0.6mm on the left side. The length of the left clavicle is greater than the length of the right collarbone. The curvature of the right collarbone is higher than that of the left, resulting in a shorter right bone than the left. The clavicle of males has a higher mean across all parameters than females. Male clavicle length is more than female clavicle length, midshaft circumference is less in females than males, and breadth at an inner angle is shorter in females than men, all of which are statistically significant. The Mid-shaft Circumference as a sex-determination metric is statistically significant in differentiating the clavicle’s sex. This delivers a better result than clavicle weight since clavicle weight fluctuates with age and the health state of the individual. Male clavicles have a larger Midshaft Circumference than female clavicles.
ABSTRACT
In clavicle the mid shaft circumference is considered as a consistent indicator for determining the sex howeverthe same when combined with length increases its accuracy. The objective of this study was to determine thegender variation in adult dry human clavicles in Eastern Odisha population and to determine variations betweenclavicles of right and left side. An observational study was done on 100 dry clavicles of known sex, in theDepartment of Anatomy, KIMS. There was significant difference between the lengths of male and female claviclesand also the difference in mid shaft circumference between male and female clavicle was significant (p<0.001).The findings of this study will be useful for sex determination of human skeletal remains.
ABSTRACT
The sex determination of the individual is primary criterion of identification in Forensic anthropology but this isvery difficult problems & becomes even more challenging when only a single bone like clavicle is available. Thecorrect determination of the sex of a dead person is a critical requirement in physical anthropology. Within pastfew years, the physical anthropologists have become increasingly involved in the problems of humanidentification. The traditional methods of sexing bone are subjective and not of much help where 100% accuracyof sexing is required. For the metrical analysis of sexing of clavicle by the present study method, mid-shaftcircumference of 155 adult human clavicles of known sexes were measured with the help of measuring tape, stripof graph paper and Vernier Calipers. The mid-shaft circumference of right side male clavicles ranges from 30mmto 46mm (mean of 37.14 ± 4.10mm), where as that of female clavicles ranges from 25.5mm to 41.5mm (mean of30.50 ± 3.3mm). The mid-shaft circumference of left male clavicles ranges from 30mm to 48mm (mean of 37.04±4.2mm) where as that of female clavicles ranges from 24.5mm to 39.5mm (mean of 30.3±3.3mm). The mid-shaftcircumference of clavicles has a high significance in sex determination (P<0.001). The prediction of correct sexby mid-shaft circumference of clavicles alone is 77% for male & 83.30% for female right clavicles & 80% for ofmale & 87.50% for female left clavicles.
ABSTRACT
Sex determination plays an essential role in forensic anthropology in the identification of an individual from skeletal remains. The aim of the study was to determine sex of an individual using the clavicle in a KwaZulu-Natal population. Various morphometric and morphological parameters were measured using 100 clavicles of known sex (66 male and 34 female) and age (range 2595 years). The mean maximum length, mid-shaft circumference and maximum breadth of the sternal and acromial ends of the male clavicles were greater in females. However, the mean medial curve of the clavicle was greater in females than in males on both sides, and on the right side the female clavicles also had a greater mean lateral curve than the males. The maximum length and mid-shaft circumference alone could be used to predict sex with an accuracy of 89 %. Therefore, the provision of morphometric data pertaining to the clavicle may assist forensic investigators, anthropologists and anatomists to sex the clavicle.
La determinación del sexo juega un papel esencial en la antropología forense e identificación de un individuo con restos óseos. El objetivo fue determinar el sexo de un individuo mediante la clavícula en una población KwaZulu-Natal. Se midieron varios parámetros morfométricos y morfológicos utilizando 100 clavículas (66 hombres y 34 mujeres) con un rango etario entre 2595 años. La longitud máxima media, circunferencia media del eje y la amplitud máxima de los extremos esternal y acromial de las clavículas de los hombres fueron mayores que en las mujeres. Sin embargo, la curva medial media de la clavícula fue mayor en mujeres que en hombres en ambos lados, y en el lado derecho las mujeres también tenían una curva lateral media de las clavículas mayor que en los hombres. La circunferencia máxima y la circunferencia media del eje por sí solas podrían ser utilizadas para predecir el sexo con una precisión de 89 %. Por tanto, la información de datos morfométricos relativos a la clavícula pueden ayudar a los investigadores forenses, antropólogos y anatomistas en la determinación del sexo.