ABSTRACT
Congenital cholesteatoma (CC) is a whitish mass lesion found in the middle ear cleft behind the intact tympanic membrane in early life. It is a relatively uncommon disease and shows its growth and extension over a period of time. CC is evidenced with no prior history of tympanic membrane perforation, otorrhea, previous otologic procedures, normal pars tensa, and pars flaccida. The etiopathogenesis of CC is still controversial; however, the epithelial cell rest theory is the most commonly accepted one. The most common sites of CC are the anterior-superior and posterior-superior quadrants of the tympanic cavity. The most common clinical presentation of CC is conductive hearing loss. Early detection and intervention are needed to avoid the complications of CC. The treatment of choice in CC is still surgical. The frequency of recurrence seems to be lower in patients with CC than in acquired cholesteatoma. Rapid progression of the CC may occur in older children and the recurrence has been associated with advanced progression of the cholesteatoma. There are very few reports for CC available in the medical literatureThis objective of this review article is to discuss the prevalence, etiopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment.
ABSTRACT
Background: Middle ear cleft space starts from Eustachian tube, and includes middle ear, aditus & mastoid antrum. It develops from 1st visceral pouch. Blockage of middle ear cleft, particularly the aditus can result from a number of reasons. Tympanosclerosis creates obstruction in aeration of middle ear and mastoid antrum. Aims & Objective: To study effect of tympanosclerosis on blockage of middle ear cleft. Material and Methods: A retrospective study of all cases of cortical mastoidectomy surgeries done in a Tertiary care centre in Western U.P. was carried out. Relevant clinical data and histopathology reports were obtained from hospital records and the data was analysed. A total of 20 cases of cortical mastoidectomy were included in the study. Results: A total of 20 cases were included in the study, in the age group of 16 to 58 years. Tympanosclerosis was seen in 13 cases. In tympanosclerosis positive group, the mean age was 25-32years. The aditus was not patent in 10(50%) of patients in this group. Conclusion: Tympanosclerosis is a non-specific result of chronic inflammatory process and causes an increased risk for blockage of aditus through plaque formation. Clearance of these plaques and cortical mastoidectomy prevents recurrences.
ABSTRACT
Most malignant lesions of the middle ear and mastoid cavity are usually originated from the epithelium. The squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 75-90% of all malignant tumors in this localization. However, malignant lymphoma of the middle ear cleft is very rare condition and usually occurs as an extension from the temporal bone, affected along the other organs in generalized lymphoma. Also, primary presentation of malignant lymphoma in the middle ear cleft is very extremely rare and only seven cases could be traced in the available literature2)5)6)11)12)13)14). We present a very rare case of diffuse large cell type non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma with primary presentation in the middle ear cleft in 30 year-old male patient. So, the authors first report a case of malignant lymphoma of the middle ear cleft in Korea with review of literature.