ABSTRACT
Purpose: The study was planned to develop and validate a novel middle childhood oral health impact scale (MCOHIS) for 6- to 9-year-old children in India. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design was employed to develop and validate MCOHIS in the sequential phases. A panel of ten pediatric dentists evaluated a pool of 36 items corresponding to the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children. MCOHIS with 20 items under five domains was formulated and content validation was done. Cohen's kappa statistics was employed to measure the concordance between the child's self-report and the caregiver's proxy report. Concurrent validation was done among 130 participants from 13 districts of Tamil Nadu state, India. Discriminant validity was checked among another sample of 60 participants. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of MCOHIS were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and Kappa statistics respectively. Results: MCOHIS had adequate content validation with Scale Level Content Validity Index / Average score of 0.94 for relevance. There was a statistically significant inter-rater reliability observed between the child's self-report and caregivers' proxy report in all items with a moderate to substantial agreement. Concurrent validation showed a statistically significant positive correlation with a Rho value of 0.712. There was a statistically significant difference noted in overall discriminant validity (P < 0.001). Acceptable internal consistency reliability was observed with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.75. Test-retest reliability showed a high stability coefficient of 0.98. Conclusions: MCOHIS was found to be a valid and reliable age-specific tool for assessing the OHRQoL of Indian children aged 6–9 years.
ABSTRACT
Resumen El presente estudio se propuso conocer si el perfeccionismo infantil desadaptativo (en sus dimensiones Auto-Orientado, Socialmente Prescrito y Orientado a Otros) predice los sentimientos de soledad y la percepción de apoyo social, y si estos resultados varían según el sexo de los menores. Se seleccionó una muestra intencional compuesta por 364 niños y niñas argentinos de entre 9 y 12 años (M=10.26; DE=1.08), quienes completaron pruebas psicológicas creadas o adaptadas al país de origen. Análisis de regresión lineal múltiple indicaron que el perfeccionismo desadaptativo predice la soledad en relación con los pares, la afinidad por la soledad y el escaso apoyo social percibido. Asimismo, se hallaron variaciones en los patrones de predicción según el sexo. Se concluye que el perfeccionismo desadaptativo deteriora la vida social de niños y niñas, lo que podría aumentar la vulnerabilidad para el desarrollo de desenlaces negativos.
Abstract This study aims to know whether maladaptive child perfectionism (in its Self-Oriented, Socially Prescribed, and Other-Oriented dimensions) predicts feelings of loneliness and the perception of social support and if these results change according to the sex of the children. A sample of 364 Argentine boys and girls, with ages between 9 and 12 years old, was selected (M =10.26; SD=1.08). The children were evaluated using psychological tests created or adapted to Argentina. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that maladaptive perfectionism predicts peers-related loneliness, the affinity for being alone, and low perceived social support. In addition, variations were found in the prediction patterns according to sex. Concluding, maladaptive perfectionism deteriorates the social life of children that could augment their vulnerability for negative outcomes.
ABSTRACT
La presente investigación tuvo como propósito determinar el nivel de autoestima en un grupo de niños de 8 a 11 años de edad del grado 4° de primaria de un colegio público de la ciudad de Bogotá. Para ello se utilizó un diseño descriptivo simple de corte transversal y se aplicó el cuestionario de auto-concepto de Piers-Harris para niños. Los resultados muestran que en general el grupo tiene un nivel moderadamente alto, lo que probablemente indicaría que los niños están formando sus valores y componentes con relación a la autoestima de una forma adecuada, para que éstos sean duraderos dentro del desarrollo vital y ayuden a fortalecerla.
The goal of the study was to establish the different levels of self-esteem in a group of children from 8 to 11 years old, of fourth grade of a public school from Bogotá. For this reason we used a simple descriptive design with a cross-section and we will apply the Piers-Harris questionnaire of self-esteem for children. The results show that in general the group has a moderately high level, which probably indicate that children are forming their values and components relating to self-esteem in an appropriate way, for them to be durable in the vital development and help to strengthened it.