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Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389710

ABSTRACT

Resumen El diagnóstico diferencial de las lesiones destructivas de la línea media es amplio y complejo debido a su presentación clínica poco específica, pudiendo abarcar desde cuadros infecciosos, neoplásicos y patologías autoinmunes. Una entidad a considerar son las lesiones destructivas de la línea media inducidas por cocaína (CIMDL), la que se caracteriza por una extensa destrucción de estructuras a nivel medio-facial. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con antecedentes de consumo de cocaína con una gran lesión destructiva endonasal asociada a una perforación palatal, fiebre, cervicalgia y meningismo. Se realizó un estudio nasofibroscópico y exámenes de laboratorio donde destaca un leve aumento de parámetros inflamatorios y serología positiva para anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilo (ANCA). Los exámenes imagenológicos destacan una trombosis de carótida interna derecha, osteítis del clivus y paquimeningitis retroclival. Se decide ingresar a pabellón para realizar un aseo y tomar biopsias. Al descartar los diagnósticos diferenciales de CIMDL, el paciente inició terapia antibiótica y antifúngica endovenosa evolucionando en forma satisfactoria. La CIMDL es una condición infrecuente cuyo principal diagnóstico diferencial es la granulomatosis con poliangeitis. Dada similitud en las presentaciones clínicas y la gran diferencia en el manejo de ambas patologías la necesidad de un diagnóstico certero es fundamental.


Abstract Differential diagnosis of destructive midline injuries is complex due to its nonspecific clinical presentation, and the broad variety of conditions that share the same signs and symptoms, such as infections, neoplasms and autoimmune diseases. One of the etiologies that should be considered is cocaine-induced destructive midline lesions (CIMDL), cha- racterized by extensive destruction of midface structures. The following case describes a patient with history of cocaine abuse with a large destructive endonasal lesion asso- ciated with a palatal perforation, fever, cervicalgia and meningism. Clinical assessment included a nasofibroscopy and laboratory tests. Results revealed a slight increase in in- flammatory parameters and positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody serology. Ad- ditionally, imaging revealed a thrombosis of the right internal carotid, clivus osteitis, and retroclival pachymeningitis. Surgical debridement was performed, and biopsies of the nasal cavity were taken. Once the other possible diagnoses were ruled out, the patient was started on intravenous antibiotic and antifungal therapies. The patient showed a positive response to treatment and was successfully discharged after two months. CIMDL is a rare condition whose main differential diagnosis is granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Given the similarity in clinical presentations and the important differences in the management of both pathologies, the need for an accurate diagnosis is essential.

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