ABSTRACT
Resumen El comercio sexual de jóvenes, que son llevadas desde Centroamérica y México hacia Estados Unidos, ha sido ampliamente documentado, y sin embargo, sigue siendo un problema grave, del que se desconocen sus cambiantes dinámicas y estrategias de reclutamiento, ya sean voluntarias o forzadas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar los mecanismos utilizados por las redes de traficantes para reclutar mujeres migrantes, para ser prostituidas en Nevada, Estados Unidos. Este trabajo está fundamentado en una metodología cualitativa, que incluye entrevistas a 3 reclutadores centroamericanos y 12 mujeres de México y Centroamérica. Los principales resultados encontrados indican que estas redes reclutan preferentemente a menores de edad, vulnerables, con un pasado relacionado con la prostitución y necesidades económicas apremiantes. Los mecanismos de reclutamiento utilizados por estas redes no se basan en el uso de la violencia, sino en el abuso de una situación de vulnerabilidad. En conclusión, el hecho de no recurrir a estrategias de reclutamiento violentas disminuye el riesgo de esta actividad, ya que las mujeres no les denuncian, porque no se consideran víctimas.
Abstract The international sex trade, involving young people who are taken from Central America and Mexico to the United States, has been widely documented. However, it remains a serious problem, from which its changing dynamics and recruitment strategies, whether voluntary or forced, are unknown. The objective of this paper was to examine the mechanisms used by sex smuggling networks to recruit migrant women to be prostituted in Nevada, USA. This research is based on a qualitative methodology that includes interviews with 3 Central American recruiters and 12 women from Mexico and Central America. The main results indicate that these networks recruit predominantly vulnerable underage girls with a past associated with prostitution and towering economic necessities. Recruitment mechanisms used by these networks are not based on the use of violence, but on the abuse of a position of vulnerability. In conclusion, not resorting to violent recruitment strategies reduces the risk of this activity, since women do not report them because they do not consider themselves victims.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Nowadays, the multicultural families make up significant portion of Korean population and communities. Successful re-settling in a new country can be difficult, particularly when there are disparities in dietary behavior compared to home country. The objective of the study was to investigate the dietary behavior of marriage migrant women according to their nationality in multicultural families. METHODS: The primary research was conducted targeting 94 marriage migrant women who came from China (40.4%), Vietnam (26.6%), and other countries except for Japan (33.0%). We investigated their dietary behavior, such as eating attitude and food choice behavior for Korea acculturation. We also studied dietary behavior among 14 selected subjects who had high level of integration and assimilation acculturation patterns by administering the Focus Group Interview (FGI). RESULTS: The multicultural families had more integration acculturation patterns, which could have been influenced by their nationality. Vietnamese origin has the highest cultural adaptation as marginalization pattern. The common types of Korea acculturation were integration (3.03 +/- 1.08), separation (3.10 +/- 0.59), marginalization (3.10 +/- 0.58), followed by assimilation (2.84 +/- 0.51). There were significant differences in the four types of acculturation by marriage immigrant women's country of origin (p<0.05). According to dietary behavior, 'eliminating hunger' was the most important value in a meal. Chinese marriage migrant women, who had higher level of food intake attitude significantly, also considered 'being healthy' an important value. Regarding food choice behavior, Vietnamese had lowest frequency of homeland food intake. Most of marriage immigrant women were satisfied with the Korean food, and need for education was very high with interest for cooking, good nutrition, and managing their children's dietary life. CONCLUSIONS: Coping with a change in dietary behavior is one of the biggest transitional difficulties, and family members may need support to find their familiar food items and to continue their cultural food choice behavior in the local areas. Further researches with quantitative and qualitative analysis are needed to understand the effect of dietary behavior for acculturation in multicultural families.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Acculturation , Asian People , China , Choice Behavior , Cooking , Eating , Education , Emigrants and Immigrants , Ethnicity , Focus Groups , Japan , Korea , Marriage , Meals , Transients and Migrants , VietnamABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression among female immigrants at Tianhe district of Guangzhou. Methods A total of 2021 migrant women postpartum in three hospitals at Tianhe district of Guangzhou were screened with Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale , (CES-D), Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS) and self-made related factors questionnaire from May to December, 2013. Results This study showed postpartum depression affected 18.31% of migrant women at Tianhe district of Guangzhou. Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed a significant correlation of PPD with birth place , residence time,newborn disease,fetus gender and household income (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified birth place,residence time,newborn disease,fetus gender as the risk factors for PPD,household income was negatively correlated with the incidence of PPD with OR value of 0.680;Compared with healthy female immigrants, the total score of social support rating scale,the score of objective support,subjective support and social utilization degree were significantly reduced respectively in female immigrants with PPD. Conclusion The prevalence of PPD was high at Tianhe district of Guangzhou,health education and comprehensive social support system should be offered in order to prevent PPD.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Labour export is the main source of foreign exchange earning for Sri Lanka. Women form 52% of this and when they migrate, many of them leave behind their children who face abuse and neglect as a result. Objectives: To describe the difficulties encountered by these children and strengths demonstrated by them and to describe factors associated with the difficulties they encounter. Method: A qualitative, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in administrative districts of Colombo, Gampaha and Kurunegala. Data was collected through focus group discussions with school teachers and semi-structured interviews with primary carers of migrants’ children and religious leaders. Results: Qualitative content analysis of data showed emergence of several themes. These children performed poorly in academic activities, lacked concentrating abilities and failed to improve despite additional help. They did not participate in extra-curricular activities due to poor moral support and had a wide range of behavioural problems such as aggression, cruelty, stealing, hyperactivity, disruptive behaviour etc. They found it difficult to establish new relationships and sustain existing ones, including relationships with parents. Many children were physically, psychologically, emotionally and sexually abused and most were neglected by their carers. They also lacked acceptable role models. However, some children had strengths to cope with stressors resulting from mothers’ absence, were mature in thinking and behaviour, survived in many situations without help and found access to adequate human and physical resources. Mothers’ migration, poor emotional bonding with substitute carers, inadequacy in physical, financial, and human resources, disadvantaged social conditions and behaviours of adults in families increased their difficulties. Conclusions: Migrant women’s children have many difficulties resulting from mothers’ absence. Their strengths to face life’s challenges, comparatively, seem minimal.