ABSTRACT
Adenocarcinoma de volumen mínimo es aquella neoplasia menor de 0,5 cm³ en prostatectomía radicales. Son tumores de pronóstico excelente, generalemente ógano-confinados y totalmente resecados. Seleccionamos 12 casos de adenocarcinoma con un volumen de 0,5 cm³ en piezas de prostatectomias radicales. El promedio de edades fue 60,55 años. Los tumores eran órgano-confinados y el Gleason osciló entre 5 y 9. El promedio del diámetro tumoral fue 4,9 mm y del volumen fue 0,129 cm³. Las biopsias por punción fueron revisadas en 9 de los 12 pacientes. En ellas el porcentaje tumoral ocupaba entre 3% y 30% de la totalidad de la biopsia. Consideramos que para el diagnóstico del adenocarcinoma de volumen mínimo en la pieza de prostatectomía radical se debe estudiar la totalidad del espécimen en forma sistemática, ya que el diagnóstico de carcinoma de volumen mínimo en la biopsia por punción puede no corresponder con un tumor menor de 0,5 cm³ en la prostatectomía radical
Minimal volume prostactic adenocarcinoma is defined as a neoplasia less than 0.5 cm³ in radical prostatectomy. These are tumors of excellent prognosis, generally organ confined, and totally resected. We selected 12 cases of adenocarcinoma with less than 0.5 cm³ in volumen in specimens of radical prostatectomy. The average age was 60.55 years. Tumors were organ-confined and the Gleason score rangel from 5 to 9. The average tumor diameter was 4.9 mm and volume was 0.129 cm³. Needle biopsies were studied in 9 out of 12 patients. In these, the tumor percentage in biopsy was from 3% to 30%. We consider that for the diagnosis of a minimal volume adenocarcinoma in the specimen of radical prostatectomy, the specimen must be totally and systematically submitted and studied, since the diagnosis of minimal volume carcinoma in the core biopsy might not correspond with a tumor of less than 0.5 cm³ in the radical prostatectomy
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/mortality , Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy , Prostatectomy/methods , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Biopsy, Needle/methods , Prostatic Hyperplasia/pathologyABSTRACT
In this paper, we give an elementary proof of the result that the minimal volumes of R³ and R4 are zero. The approach is to construct a sequence of explicit complete metrics on them such that the sectional curvatures are bounded in absolute value by 1 and the volumes tend to zero. As a direct consequence, we get that MinVol (Rn) = 0 for n > 3.
Neste artigo fornecemos uma demonstração elementar do resultado de que os volumes minimais de R³ e R4 são ambos iguais a zero. A abordagem consiste na construção de uma seqüência de métricas completas explícitas nesses espaços cujas curvaturas seccionais são limitadas em valor absoluto por 1 e os volumes tendem a zero. Como conseqüência direta, estabelecemos que MinVol(Rn) = 0 para n > 3.