ABSTRACT
En Bolivia, la adopción del minimalismo enfrenta obstáculos culturales y sociales importantes, en tal sentido, el estudio estuvo orientado al análisis de la factibilidad de implementación del minimalismo en la cultura boliviana, abordando los desafíos culturales que impiden su adopción. De esta forma se planteó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, no experimental, de corte transversal, en el que se consideró una muestra de 384 personas entre 30 a 70 años, pertenecientes a las ciudades de mayor crecimiento, como Santa Cruz, El Alto, La Paz, Cochabamba, Sucre, Oruro, Potosí, encontrando que los principales desafíos se relacionan con la falta de conocimiento sobre sus beneficios y la presión social para consumir en exceso, se percibe al minimalismo como poco práctico y aburrido. En necesario implementar estrategias de manera gradual para lograr la adopción del minimalismo en el país.
In Bolivia, the adoption of minimalism faces significant cultural and social obstacles. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze the feasibility of implementing minimalism in Bolivian culture, addressing the cultural challenges that hinder its adoption. A quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional study was proposed, considering a sample of 384 individuals aged 30 to 70, from major cities such as Santa Cruz, El Alto, La Paz, Cochabamba, Sucre, Oruro, Potosí. It was found that the main challenges are related to the lack of knowledge about its benefits and social pressure to consume excessively, perceiving minimalism as impractical and boring. It is necessary to implement strategies gradually to achieve the adoption of minimalism in the country.
Na Bolívia, a adoção do minimalismo enfrenta importantes obstáculos culturais e sociais. Nesse sentido, o estudo teve como objetivo analisar a viabilidade da implementação do minimalismo na cultura boliviana, abordando os desafios culturais que impedem sua adoção. Assim, foi proposto um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, não experimental, de corte transversal, que considerou uma amostra de 384 indivíduos com idades entre 30 e 70 anos, provenientes das cidades de maior crescimento, como Santa Cruz, El Alto, La Paz, Cochabamba, Sucre, Oruro, Potosí. Constatou-se que os principais desafios estão relacionados à falta de conhecimento sobre seus benefícios e à pressão social para consumir em excesso, sendo o minimalismo percebido como pouco prático e entediante. É necessário implementar estratégias gradualmente para alcançar a adoção do minimalismo no país.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , ArchitectureABSTRACT
Under the influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the disadvantages of traditional blended teaching, which has been developed for 20 years, are gradually being revealed. With the help of modern network technology and under the guidance of minimalism, the new blended teaching model adheres to the principle of systematic, holistic, ecological, and collaborative reform and thus can not only efficiently realize the teaching goal of "improvement in self-learning ability and high-order thinking ability", but also achieve innovation and inheritance of "excellent teaching concepts and methods". On this basis, this study forms the "151 framework and BASIC mechanism", which will promote the reform and upgrading of blended teaching from point to surface and then to a three-dimensional structure and ensure that blended teaching has stronger vitality in the new era.
ABSTRACT
El análisis que se propone en este artículo tiene como objetivo ofrecer un utillaje conceptual a partir del cual aproximar la antropología y la psicología cognitiva, desde una perspectiva contemporánea. Tiene como punto de partida el presupuesto de que la situación ecológica de los individuos incluye, por definición, información de orden social que los pone en relación de manera inevitable, lo cual impide considerárseles como unidades autocontenidas. Discute críticamente la profusión de términos y abordajes para el estudio del plano subjetivo en antropología y, como un aporte singular a este tema, se describen las vinculaciones entre la habilidad de referencia social compartida y el origen de la semiosis, ámbito en el cual se ha elaborado recientemente una solución parcial a este impasse teórico.
The analysis that this paper sketches aims to offer conceptual tools to approximate anthropology and cognitive psychology from a contemporary perspective. As a point of departure, considers that the ecological situation of any individual includes -by definition- social information that puts them in relation in an inevitable way. This condition does not allow considering individuals as self-contained entities. The paper critically discusses the profusion of terms and approaches to study of subjective realm in anthropology and, as a particular contribution to this subject, describes the links between social reference and origins of semiosis. Recently a partial solution to this theoretical impasse has been drawn in this field of research.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anthropology , Psychology , Cognition , HistoryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Previous standard surgical approaches for aneurysms of anterior circulation are concerned with possible injury to the normal brain by cerebral retraction. Simplified skull base approaches have been introduced to fulfill the ideal goals of skull base surgery, brain protection and technical minimalism. Superolateral orbital craniotomy and orbital roof craniotomy via eyebrow incision offered sufficient working space for aneurysmal neck clipping of anterior circulaton and have advantages of minimal brain retraction and rapid recovery. METHODS: The concept and technique of the superolateral orbital craniotomy and orbital roof craniotomy are presented in detail. We conducted a retrospective study in which we evaluated the technical aspect of the superolateral orbital craniotomy and orbital roof craniotomy considering the indications, limitations, and complications of these approaches. RESULTS: The superolateral orbital craniotomy and orbital roof craniotomy provide an ample space to access the neurovascular structure of the anterior skull base without using brain retractors, enable rapid anatomical reconstruction for closure and acceptable cosmetic results. CONCLUSION: The superolateral orbital craniotomy and orbital roof craniotomy via eyebrow incision offer better surgical possibilities and approach related morbidity than conventional approaches in the treatment of anterior circulation aneurysms.
Subject(s)
Aneurysm , Brain , Craniotomy , Eyebrows , Neck , Orbit , Retrospective Studies , Skull Base , SkullABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Previous standard surgical approaches for aneurysms of anterior circulation are concerned with possible injury to the normal brain by cerebral retraction. Simplified skull base approaches have been introduced to fulfill the ideal goals of skull base surgery, brain protection and technical minimalism. Superolateral orbital craniotomy and orbital roof craniotomy via eyebrow incision offered sufficient working space for aneurysmal neck clipping of anterior circulaton and have advantages of minimal brain retraction and rapid recovery. METHODS: The concept and technique of the superolateral orbital craniotomy and orbital roof craniotomy are presented in detail. We conducted a retrospective study in which we evaluated the technical aspect of the superolateral orbital craniotomy and orbital roof craniotomy considering the indications, limitations, and complications of these approaches. RESULTS: The superolateral orbital craniotomy and orbital roof craniotomy provide an ample space to access the neurovascular structure of the anterior skull base without using brain retractors, enable rapid anatomical reconstruction for closure and acceptable cosmetic results. CONCLUSION: The superolateral orbital craniotomy and orbital roof craniotomy via eyebrow incision offer better surgical possibilities and approach related morbidity than conventional approaches in the treatment of anterior circulation aneurysms.