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Objective@#To investigate risk factors and the nature of the outbreak of bacillary dysentery in Lhasa City, so as to customize targeted prevention and control measures.@*Methods@#Using on site epidemiological investigation, the suspected, probable and confirmed cases of bacillary dysentery in one school and one kindergarten in Lhasa City from June 26 to July 1, 2022 were collected, and additional cases were identified through interview from school staffs and family members, reviewing morning examination records and tracking records of school illness related absence. A case control study was conducted to investigate suspicious meals and drinking raw water, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect Shigella line nucleic acid fragment in the patients feces, anal swabs, retained food, and terminal water.@*Results@#A total of 55 cases were found in two schools, with the prevalence rate of 15.41% in total and 16.71% in students ( n =53), 7.5% in staff ( n =2). The epidemic curve was suggestive of a point source exposure. The prevalence rate among students who walk to school and students who live in the school showed no difference (16.10%，17.09%)( χ 2=0.05, P >0.05), and the prevalence rate was higher among elementary school students than kindergarten students (19.83%，6.67%)( χ 2=7.13, P <0.05). Case control comparisons showed a direct association between drinking raw water and morbidity in the case and control groups during June 24-26 ( OR=4.01, 95%CI =1.75-9.19, P < 0.05). A total of 23 fecal Shigella nucleic acid positives were detected from the two schools, two from the end water in front of the cafeteria door, and two from sludge in the sewage pipe around the wellhead.@*Conclusions@#The outbreak of bacillary dysentery is caused by the contamination of the pipe network water. Health administrative departments should improve the supervision and management of drinking water health safety, and schools should strengthen the management of water supply facilities for effectively prevent of waterborne infectious disease outbreaks.
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Objective@#To explore the prevalence of elevated blood pressure and overweight/obesity and their comorbidities among Tibetan middle school students in Lhasa, and to analyze their association with lifestyle and other factors, so as to provide a basis for the intervention measures targeting elevated blood pressure, overweight and obesity among middle school students in high altitude area.@*Methods@#Using a stratified cluster random sampling method in September 2021, a total of 1 488 Tibetan junior and high students from Lhasa City were investigated with blood pressure measurement, physical examination and questionnaire survey. The influencing factors of elevated blood pressure, overweight and obesity and their comorbidities association were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.@*Results@#The prevalence of elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity and their comorbidities were 17.8%, 17.4% , 5.0% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age( OR =0.81), residence, body mass inex(BMI) and gender were the influencing factors of elevated blood pressure; and the risks of elevated blood pressure in female students were higher than male students ( OR =1.89), suburban students were higher than urban students ( OR =8.06), overweight and obesity groups were higher than normal groups ( OR =2.55, 2.87) ( P <0.05). Adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, residence and school, and BMI (only for elevated blood pressure), daily screen time ≥2 h was positively correlated with elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity and its comorbidities ( OR =1.56, 1.59 , 2.51) ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity are relatively high in Lhasa. Longer screen time is a common factor affecting with elevated blood pressure, overweight/obesity and comorbidities among Tibetan students. Measures should be taken intervene in the lifestyle of Tibetan students, in order to reduce elevated blood pressure and overweight/obesity.
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Objective@#To explore the intervention effect of different intensity of classroom physical exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function of Tibetan first grade students at high altitude, so as to provide reference for improving the level of cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function of Tibetan adolescents.@*Methods@#From September to December 2020, 184 Tibetan students from five first grade classes in a middle school in Lhasa, Tibet, were randomly assigned into a control group (81 students in two classes) and an intervention group (103 students in three classes). Both groups followed the same teaching programme, but the intervention group received 36 sessions of moderate to high intensity classroom physical activity, one session per day, Monday,Wednesday and Friday, for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function were tested by 20m round trip running and Flanker s experimental paradigm, 2-back s experimental paradigm, and More odd shifting experimental paradigm for inhibitory control, refreshing memory, and switching flexibility, and the results were analysed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare the results of the pre and post intervention periods.@*Results@#The maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) of Tibetan first grade students in the intervention group increased by 2.25 mL/(kg〖WW）〗·〖WW(〗min) compared with the control group after the intervention ( t =-3.89, P <0.01); the response time of the inhibitory function was reduced by 4.40 ms, that of the refreshing function by 196.06 ms, and that of the switching function by 92.72 ms in the intervention group compared with the control group ( t =2.98, 4.82 ,3.21, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The 12 week moderate to high intensity classroom physical activity intervention has different degrees of improvement effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in Tibetan adolescents.
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Objective@#To determine the latent class of dietary patterns and their association with depressive symptoms among first grade students from multi ethnic middle schools in Yunnan Province, so as to provide a reference basis for promoting mental health among border middle school students.@*Methods@#A cluster random sampling involving 8 500 first grade middle school students from 11 counties in Yunnan Province was conducted by a questionnaire survey between October to December 2022. The Children s Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to assess the depressive symptoms and the Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to collect eating behavior data. The latent profile analysis model was used to fit the latent class of dietary patterns among students. The association between the dietary pattern latent class and depressive symptoms was analyzed by Logistic regression.@*Results@#The depressive symptom detection rate among firstgrade middle school students was 28.3%. Prevalence of depressive symptom in girls (30.9%) was higher than boys (25.5%) with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=29.83, P <0.01). The dietary patterns among first grade middle school students were classified into four latent classes, as follows:class 1 (low consumption of all dietary components), class 2 (high consumption of fruit, milk and dairy products), class 3 (high consumption of vegetables and meat, and low consumption of processed foods) and class 4 (low consumption of milk, dairy products and eggs, and high consumption of processed foods). After adjusting for confounding variables, the class 3 dietary pattern was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms ( OR=0.62, 95%CI =0.52-0.74) and the class 4 dietary pattern was positively correlated with depressive symptoms ( OR= 1.28 , 95%CI =1.05-1.57) ( P <0.05), compared with the class 1 dietary pattern.@*Conclusions@#Multi ethnic first grade middle school students in Yunnan Province follow various dietary patterns. Unhealthy dietary patterns increase the risk of depressive symptoms. The dietary patterns of multi ethnic middle school students in Yunnan Province should be adjusted to promote the establishment of healthy dietary patterns and reduce the risk of depression symptoms in middle school students.
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Objective@#To understand the occurrence and predictive factors of depressive symptoms among multi ethnic middle school students in Yunnan Province, so as to provide a referential framework for schools to carry out targeted mental health education.@*Methods@#From October to December 2022, 8 500 first grade students from 23 middle schools were selected from 11 minority areas in Yunnan Province by cluster random sampling method. Demographic information and data relating to the students lifestyles were collected by questionnaire, and the Children s Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms. Chi square test was performed to compare differences in the detection rate of depressive symptoms among first grade middle school students for univariate analysis. A decision tree model of depressive symptoms in middle school students was established by using the Chi squared automatic interaction detector (CHAID).@*Results@#The detection rate of depressive symptoms among first grade students from multi ethnic middle schools in Yunnan Province was 28.26%. The decision tree model of depressive symptoms was academic stress ( χ 2=469.08) at the first level, breakfast behaviors (low/moderate academic stress: χ 2=155.49; severe academic stress: χ 2=105.24) at the second level, and the number of close friends (low/moderate academic stress and consuming breakfast 0- 2 days weekly: χ 2=23.15; low/moderate academic stress and consuming breakfast 3-4 days weekly: χ 2=14.99; severe academic stress and consuming breakfast 0-2 days weekly: χ 2=29.26; severe academic stress and consuming breakfast 3-4 days weekly: χ 2=20.15), ethnicity ( χ 2=78.22) and drinking ( χ 2=50.36) at the third level ( P <0.01).@*Conclusions@#The study identifies academic stress, breakfast behaviors, number of close friends, drinking and ethnicity as predictive factors of depressive symptoms among multi ethnic middle school students in Yunnan Province. Schools should develop targeted strategies for preventing and managing depressive symptoms in middle school students, so as to reduce their occurrence.
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Abstract@#Unhealthy eating behaviors among adolescents are common, and psychological behavior problems are prominent. The paper examines the status and associations underlying unhealthy eating behaviors and psychological behavior problems in adolescents from border multi ethnic areas, and further discusses the importance of research in border area involving multi ethnic adolescents, and highlights its significance in the context of constructing healthy schools in border areas,so as to provide a basis for promoting effectively healthy school environments in border areas of China.
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Objective@#To understand campus bullying in colleges and middle schools in Tibet, and to analyze related influencing factors, so as to provide reliable basis and reference for formulating targeted intervention measures.@*Methods@#A stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate the status and influencing factors of being bullied by questionnaire among 3 875 college and middle school students in Ngari, Qamdo, Lhasa, Nagqu and Xigaze of Tibet, from September to November 2019. Chi-square test and Logistic regression method were used for data analysis.@*Results@#The report rate of campus bullying among college and middle school students in Tibet was 5.50%; 4.35% for girls and 6.76% for boys；8.81% for college students, 1.64% for senior high school students and 5.94% for junior high school students. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking ( OR =1.71), Internet addiction ( OR =3.82), depression ( OR =3.84), obesity ( OR =2.02), single parent family ( OR = 1.67 ) and reorganized family ( OR =3.74) were positively correlated with campus bullying ( P <0.05). Girls ( OR =0.66) and senior high school ( OR =0.28) were negatively correlated with campus bullying ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Campus bullying is related to campus environment, family type, behaviors and life styles, etc. Efforts should be committed to build a caring campus culture and a good family moral education environment, in order to reduce the incidence of campus bullying and associated adverse effects.
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Objective@#To understand the current situation and influencing factors of scoliosis in 12-year-old students from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide scientific basis for accurate prevention and control of abnormal spinal curvature.@*Methods@#From October to November 2021, a total of 18 399 students aged 12 were selected by region and school level by stratified random cluster sampling method, and spinal curvature screening and questionnaire survey of common diseases and health influencing factors among students were carried out. Chi squared test was used for single factor analysis, and binary Logistic regression model was used for multi factor analysis.@*Results@#A total of 397 students (2.2%) were detected with abnormal curvature of the spine, including 368 students (2.0%) with scoliosis. Among them, 205 cases were in the lumbar thoracic segment with a detection rate of 1.1%, 173 cases were in the thoracic segment with a detection rate of 0.9%, and 141 cases were in lumbar thoracic segment with a detection rate of 0.8%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that urban area, economic area(moderate), attending tutorial classes before primary school and class seats never changed regularly were positively correlated with the occurrence of scoliosis among 12 year old students ( OR =1.95,1.67,1.76,1.71, P <0.05). Obesity, attending an average of 3 or 4 physical education classes per week, attending physical fitness and beauty classes before primary school were negatively correlated with the occurrence of scoliosis among 12 year old students ( OR =0.69,0.31,0.36,0.71, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of scoliosis among 12-year-old students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is not optimistic. It should pay attention to the prevention and control of scoliosis in students before the age of 12, actively prevent the occurrence and progress of scoliosis.
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Objective:To investigate the level of self-management and daily physical activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of Zang and Han nationalities in Tibetan, China, and to compare the difference in daily management between T2DM patients of Zang and Han nationalities, to develop reasonable and effective chronic disease management strategies for long-term out-of-hospital management of T2DM patients of Zang nationalities.Methods:A total of 265 T2DM patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7% who were admitted to the Endocrinology Ward of the Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region from November 2020 to April 2021 and who were from different regions of Tibet were included in this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The general data of all included patients were collected. Glucose and lipid metabolism-related indicators were determined. The Generalized Diabetes Self-Management Efficacy Scale and International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) were used to evaluate patients' levels of self-management and daily physical activity.Results:The hemoglobin level in T2DM patients of Zang nationality was (154.09 ± 24.11) g/L, which was significantly higher than that in T2DM patients of Han nationality ( P < 0.05). The total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and low-density lipoprotein in T2DM patients of Zang nationality were (4.63 ± 1.41) mmol/L, (7.94 ± 2.19) mmol/L, and (2.75 ± 1.11) mmol/L, respectively, which significantly higher compared with T2DM patients of Han nationality (all P < 0.05). Compared with T2DM patients of Han nationality, T2DM patients of Zang nationality had lower self-management scores (81.40 ± 15.44) points, diet control scores (17.26 ± 4.97) points, physical exercise scores (11.67 ± 4.42) points, prevention and treatment of high and low blood sugar score (12.21 ± 5.72) points. The differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Moderate-intensity physical activity was a significant difference between T2DM patients of Zang and Han nationalities ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Compared with T2DM patients of Han nationality, T2DM patients of Zang nationality have lower overall self-management levels, including diet control, physical exercise, prevention and management of high and low blood glucose, and moderate-intensity physical activity. Targeted individualized education should be carried out according to the Tibetan cultural characteristics, to further develop an intervention method and an out-of-hospital management strategy for chronic disease, which are suitable for T2DM patients of Zang nationality.
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Objective@#To explore the epidemiological trend of overweight and obesity, elevated blood pressure and their comorbidities in children and adolescents from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region during 2016-2021, and to analyze its association with lifestyle, so as to provide reference for formulating prevention and control strategies of regional common comorbidities in schools.@*Methods@#A total of 8 908, 8 222, 9 448, 127 068, 100 778, and 138 540 students aged 10-18 years in Inner Mongolia were selected by stratified random cluster sampling in September each year from 2016 to 2021. Physical examination and questionnaire survey were conducted on the included students. The prevalence trends of overweight，obesity, elevated blood pressure and their co-occurrence were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to compare the prevalence of elevated blood pressure in different body mass index (BMI) groups. After excluding individuals without lifestyle information in 2021, Logistic regression analysis was used on 136 374 subjects to analyze the association between overweight，obesity, elevated blood pressure and their co-occurrence and lifestyle factors.@*Results@#During 2016 to 2021, the prevalence of comorbidity of overweight, obesity with elevated blood pressure among students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were 5.04%，5.14%，4.99%，7.51%，7.60% and 9.45%， respectively . The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 26.94%, 28.07%, 29.62%, 34.19%, 36.71% and 37.53%, respectively. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure were 16.05%, 11.54%, 13.12%, 14.85%, 14.12% and 18.40%, respectively. Except for 2016, the risk of elevated blood pressure in overweight and obese people was higher than that in normal BMI group in other years, and there was a positive correlation between overweight and obesity and elevated blood pressure after gender and urban and rural areas ( P < 0.05 ). In 2021, the detection rate of comorbidity of overweight and obesity with elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents in urban areas was higher than that in suburban counties, and the reporting rate of healthy lifestyle was lower than that in suburban counties ( P <0.05).Skipping breakfast ( OR =1.11，95% CI =1.07-1.16) and non daily moderate and high intensity physical activity( OR =1.27，95% CI =1.20-1.34) were positively correlated with the co-occurrence of overweight，obesity and elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Non daily moderate and high intensity physical activity ≥60 min was positively correlated with elevated blood pressure ( OR =1.11，95% CI =1.07-1.16), and insufficient sleep was positively correlated with overweight，obesity ( OR =1.04, 95% CI =1.01-1.06)（ P ＜0.05）.@*Conclusion@#The prevalence of overweight，obesity, elevated blood pressure and their co-occurrence among children and adolescents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is relatively high. Overweight/obesity is an important risk factor for elevated blood pressure, and unhealthy lifestyles are risk factors for co-occurrence of overweight，obesity and elevated blood pressure. Region specific lifestyle interventions are indispensable for the prevention and control of regional common comorbidities. Urban areas may be a key focus for lifestyle interventions.
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Objective@#To analyze the prevalence of overweight, obesity and depression among students in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2019-2022 and explore the relevant factors affecting the co-morbidity of overweight,obesity and depression among students, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention of co-morbidity.@*Methods@#From September 2019 to 2022, used stratified random cluster sampling, 90 519,71 560,90 079,91 089 students were selected from all 12 leagues in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for questionnaire survey and physical examination. The χ 2 test was used for demographic characteristics and univariate analysis, and a binary Logistic regression model was used to explore the association between lifestyle behaviors and co-morbidity.@*Results@#The detection rate of overweight,obesity among students from 2019-2022 was 29.21%,34.38%,35.20%,34.61%, the detection rate of depression was 18.35%，17.53%，16.43%，16.00%, and the co-morbidity detection rate of the two was 5.52%，5.93%，5.76%，5.46%. The number of overweight,obesity and depression co-morbidity students in 2022 was 4 978 students, and the co-morbidity detection rates of the students were significantly different in terms of the school segments and the family structures ( χ 2=103.51, 99.90, P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that consuming sugar sweetened beverages or fried food ≥1 time/d, sometimes or never eat breakfast, watching computer or TV ≥2 h/d, and less than 1 h of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on weekends were positively correlated with the occurrence of the co-morbidity of overweight,obesity and depression, with the value of OR ranging from 1.17 to 1.59 ( P <0.05). Eated fresh fruits or drinking milk and soy milk ≥1 time/d, outdoor activities ≥1 h/d, sleep ≥8 h/d, not smoking and not drinking alcohol were negatively correlated with the occurrence of comorbid overweight,obesity and depression, with the value of OR ranging from 0.47 to 0.92 ( P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#The occurrence of overweight,obesity and depressive symptoms co-morbidity in students is associated with dietary, exercise and lifestyle behavior. Targeted measures should be taken to maintain students healthy weight and prevent the occurrence of depression from the aspects of diet, exercise and life habits.
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Objective@#To investigate the correlation between school bullying and depressive symptoms comorbidity and dietary patterns among middle school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2021, so as to provide reference for the prevention of school bullying and depressive symptoms.@*Methods@#In September 2021, stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 87 414 middle school students in 12 leagues in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to assess depression, and the bullying was determined according to the items related to bullying in the program of Chinese National Surveillance on Students Common Diseases and Risk Factors.@*Results@#In 2021, the detection rate of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was 15.24%, school bullying was 3.02%, and the co-occurrence of school bullying and depression was 1.64%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school students ( OR =1.52) and girls ( OR =1.10) were more likely to suffer from comorbidity of school bullying and depression ( P < 0.05). Eating fried food less than one and more than once a day, smoking and drinking were positively correlated with school bullying and depression comorbidity ( OR =2.15,2.11,2.14,1.70, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The combination of bullying and depression among middle school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is affected by various dietary methods. In terms of diet, reducing the intake of fried food, no smoking, no drinking can effectively reduce the incidence of co-occurrence school bullying and depression.
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Objective@#To describe the current status of the prevalence of co-morbid myopia and obesity among 7-18 years students in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2021 and to analyze the moderating effect of lifestyle in this association ，so as to provide scientific basis for the establishment of the mechanism of Co-morbidity，Shared Etiology，and Shared Prevention of common diseases in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 139 630 primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method in September,2021. Myopia was determined using distance visual acuity examination and refractive error examination, and obesity was determined according to the BMI classification criteria for overweight, obesity screening of Chinese school age children and adolescents. Used a questionnaire, healthy lifestyles were determined according to the American Heart Association s Healthy Lifestyle Score by totaling the six scores for smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, exercise, screen time, and sleep duration.The χ 2 test was used to compare the association between group differences in the co-morbidity rate of myopia and obesity. The multivariable Logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of the co-morbidity of myopia and obesity, and the stratified analysis was used to analyze the moderating effect of lifestyles on the prevalence of the co-morbidity.@*Results@#The prevalence of myopia and obesity co-morbidity among students aged 7-18 years old in the Inner Mongolia Autonmous Region in 2021 was 13.7%, higher among boys than girls ( 15.5 % vs. 11.8%), higher among those aged 10-12 years old than 7-9,13-15,and 16-18 years old (14.7%,13.7%, 13.3%, 12.0%), higher among other ethnic minorities than Han Chinese and Mongolians (15.3%, 14.0%, 12.5%), higher in urban areas than that in suburban areas(15.3%, 13.0%), and middle economic level tracts were higher than poor and good tracts (14.8%, 12.9 %, 12.6%) ( χ 2=392.37，115.73，62.80，119.02，121.60, P <0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression modeling showed that unhealthy lifestyles ( OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.19-1.29 ) and middle level of lifestyle score ( OR=1.15, 95%CI=1.10-1.19 ) students had higher prevalence of co-morbidity, and the results were statistically significant among both boys and girls, the age groups of 10- 12, 13-15, and 16-18 years old, as well as the Han and Mongolian ethnic groups (all P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#In 2021, the current situation of myopia and obesity co-morbidity and unhealthy lifestyles among primary and secondary school students in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are not optimistic.
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Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of Internet addiction and depression of students, and to analyze the co-occurrence and trend, so as to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and controlling measures of Internet addiction and depression.@*Methods@#A total of 6 317,7 152,81 808,71 180 and 89 932 students aged 10 to 24 years from 12 leagues (103 banners) in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected by stratified random cluster sampling in September each year from 2017 to 2021. The Internet Addiction Scale and the Central for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) was used to measure Internet addiction and depression. And the annual inspection rate, group difference and annual change trend in students were calculated. Multivariate linear regression and restricted cubic spline analysis were used to estimate the linear and non linear associations between Internet addiction and depression in students.@*Results@#The Internet addiction proportion in students gradually decreased from 4.1% in 2017 to 2.1% in 2020, but increased to 3.9% in 2021. And the depressive symptoms proportion increased from 20.9% in 2017 to 28.0% in 2020 and 27.0% in 2021. The detection rate of Internet addiction and depression comorbidities remained at 1.8% to 2.5 %. The Internet addiction proportion in boys was higher than that in girls( χ 2=42.82， P <0.05). The depressive symptoms prevalence in girls was higher than that in boys( χ 2= 553.90， P <0.05). Taking reversal in prevalence of Internet addiction in urban and rural areas was observed in 2019. The detection rates of depressive symptoms and comorbidity were higher in urban areas than these in suburban counties on the whole, and the difference showed a trend of decreasing or even equalizing year by year. Internet addiction was positively correlated with depressive symptoms score ( B=1.67, 95%CI =1.64-1.71), the proportion of depressive symptoms ( OR=1.39, 95%CI =1.38-1.41) and the proportion of major depressive symptoms ( OR=1.35, 95%CI =1.33-1.36) among students in 2021 ( P <0.05). An N-shaped curve was found in the significant nonlinear associations between internet addiction and depression across sex, region and school stage.@*Conclusion@#Internet addiction and depression in students show significant linear and non-linear associations, which are consistent in different sexes, regions and school stages. Therefore, relevant measures should be made and implemented in each region, especially in suburb areas, so as to prevent the increasingly development of adolescents and children s Internet addiction and depression.
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Objective@#To analyze the prevalence trend of scoliosis among myopic students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region during 2019-2022, to explore the common etiology of myopia and scoliosis co-morbidities, so as to provide a reference for the development of relevant measures.@*Methods@#The method of stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 181 533, 141 552 , 200 987, 190 918 primary and secondary school students from 12 leagues(103 banners) in Inner Mongolia Atuonomous Region in September each year from 2019 to 2022. And scoliosis screening, vision examination and questionnaire survey were conducted among students in the included studies. The χ 2 test was used to analyze the data, and the binary multivariate Logistic regression model was used to screen the influencing factors of scoliosis and myopia co-morbidities.@*Results@#From 2019 to 2022, the myopia rate of primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was 55.55%-59.72%, scoliosis rate was 1.56 %-2.81% and the rates of scoliosis and myopia co-morbidities were 1.14%-1.95%, and the difference between different years was statistically significant ( χ 2=595.01, 775.56, 461.84, P < 0.05 ). In 2022, the co-morbidity rate was higher in girls than in boys(1.32% vs 0.97%), the rate of urban areas was higher than that of rural areas(2.57% vs 0.62%), the rate of students in vocational high school and high school was higher than that in junior high school and primary school (3.82%,2.47% vs 1.70%,0.42%), the rate of over developed areas was higher than that of poor areas (1.21% vs 0.99%)( χ 2=52.19, 1 269.82, 1 361.52, 17.29, P < 0.05 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that at least 1 h of moderate and high intensity exercise every day on weekends, the number of physical education classes per week was more than 3 sessions, the height of desks and chairs was adjusted according to height, resting outdoors, limiting screen time, and strictly requiring standing and sitting posture were the negative correlated with scoliosis and myopia, and the OR value was 0.65-0.90, reading books or electronic screens while participating in cram classes, walking or riding in the car were positively correlated with comorbid scoliosis and myopia, and the OR values were 1.27 and 1.13 ( P < 0.05), respectively.@*Conclusion@#Behavioral habits severely affect scoliosis and myopic of students. Prevention and control of scoliosis and myopia co-morbidity should start with students behavioral habits, early screening and early intervention.
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Objective@#To explore the correlation between serum vitamin D level and glucose and lipid metabolism among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia, so as to providing a scientific basis for guiding rational vitamin D supplementation among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia Region.@*Methods@#A total of 2 206 students of primary and middle school students from 8 counties (districts) in Inner Mongolia were enrolled for a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory test by a multi stage stratified random sampling approach.The levels of fasting blood glucose, blood lipid and other related indexes with different vitamin D levels were analyzed, and their correlation was further discussed.@*Results@#The deficiency and insufficiency rates of vitamin D among primary and middle school students were 33.2% and 42.8%, respectively, and the suitable rate was 24.0%. The body mass index (BMI) and waist height ratio (WHtR) of the vitamin D deficiency group [(22.87±7.41) kg/m 2 , 0.46±0.08)]were higher than the insufficiency [(20.59±8.00)kg/m 2, 0.44±0.09)] and suitable group [(18.01±7.38)kg/m 2, 0.43 ±0.08)] ( P <0.05). Compared with the vitamin D suitable group [(3.87±0.85) mmol/L], the total cholesterol (TC) level in the deficiency group [(3.73±0.67)mmol/L] decreased, with a statistically significant difference ( P <0.05). The levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in the vitamin D insufficiency[(1.40±0.33)mmol/L] and deficiency groups [(1.34±0.31)mmol/L] were lower than the suitable group [(1.48±0.34)mmol/L], with a statistically significant difference ( P <0.05). The detection rate of hyperuricemia (HUA) in the vitamin D deficiency group (22.95%) was higher than the suitable group (17.20%), with a statistically significant difference ( P <0.016 7). Pearson correlation analysis showed that vitamin D was negatively correlated with BMI and WHtR ( r =-0.23, -0.11), and positively correlated with TC and HDL level ( r =0.06, 0.16) ( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The deficiency and insufficiency rates of serum vitamin D among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia are high which are associated with several indicators of blood lipids. Therefore, it is recommended to supplement vitamin D preparations in moderation in daily life.
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Objective@#To identify the 24-hour time allocation patterns of Mongolian junior school students, and to clarify the nature and degree of the influence of the time allocation patterns on the physical fitness of junior school students, so as to provide reference for optimizing and improving the scientific allocation of activity time of young students.@*Methods@#In October 2022, 1 389 Mongolian junior school students aged 13-15 from four schools in Xing an League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected with stratified cluster sampling method. The 24-hour time utilization of students were collected by using the questionnaire of "China Time Utilization Survey (CTUS) Time Log in 2017" from October 21 to 22, 2022, and physical fitness was evaluated by using the test data of the National Student Physical Health Standard from September to November 2022. Students time allocation patterns were determined by Latent Profile Analysis with Mplus software, and the correlation between the time allocation patterns and the physical fitness was analyzed by multiple linear regression.@*Results@#The time allocation patterns of Mongolian junior school students could be classified into four types:learning type, screen type, diversity type, and sports type, and the population distribution were 24.7%, 18.3%, 9.9% and 47.1%, respectively. Among all gender and age groups, the sports type received highest total score physical fitness, followed by diversified type, learning type, and screen type ( F =72.25-154.94, P <0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that gender, age, and time allocation patterns were significantly related to the total score of physical fitness ( P < 0.05 ). The total score of physical fitness in learning type, diversity type and sports type groups were all higher than that of screen type ( β =5.63, 12.86, 18.03, P <0.05). Moreover, the sports type showed highest effects on the total score of physical fitness, followed by the diversity type and learning type ( B =0.72, 0.31, 0.19, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#There is a significant correlation between time allocation patterns and physical fitness of Mongolian junior school students, and those in sports type and diversity type of time allocation achieve better physical fitness, while those in learning type and screen type of time allocation shows relatively poorer physical fitness.In order to promote students physical fitness and healthy development, it is suggested to scientifically arrange students time allocation, increase physical activity time, and reduce sedentary activities that are detrimental to health.
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Objective@#To investigate the incidence of abnormal spinal curvature and related factors among middle school students in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide evidence for abnormal spinal curvature prevention and treatment.@*Methods@#By using a random stratified cluster sampling method, 87 908 students of middle and high school students from all 12 counties(districts) were investigated via questionnaires for abnormal spinal curvature and health influencing factors in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Chi square test was used to perform demographic characteristics and univariate analysis, and binary multivariate Logistic regression model was used to screen the risk factors for spinal curvature abnormalities in middle school students.@*Results@#A total of 3 131(3.56%) students with spinal curvature abnormalities were detected, with boys (3.69%) higher than that of girls(3.44%), urban areas (6.15%) higher than that of the suburban counties (2.50%), and high school students ( 4.97 %) higher than that of junior high school(2.73%) students( χ 2=4.01, 702.19, 299.36, P <0.05). The detectable rate of spinal curvature abnormalities increased with grade ( χ 2 trend =309.29, P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that factors influencing abnormal spinal curvature included myopia, overweight, obesity, the frequency of classroom seating arrangements, time spent on homework/reading after school every day, time spent in daytime outdoor activities, self imposed requirements for posture of sitting and standing, phase of studying, gender, and area ( OR =0.53-2.55, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Abnormal spinal curvature is strongly correlated to nutritional status, myopia, sitting posture when reading and writing, sedentary time, and time spent in outdoor activities. The collaboration of multiple departments is required to establish anenvironment to protect the spine, early detection and early intervention.
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Objective@#To analyze physical fitness of students aged 6-22 years old from seven ethnic groups in Yunnan Province, and to provide reference for physical fitness intervention measures.@*Methods@#The nationality, gender, grade, body shape, vital capacity, exercise quality of students were derived from the 2019 Yunnan Student Physical Health Survey Database. Comprehensive physical fitness score was calculated according to the National Student Physical Fitness Standards(revised in 2014). t test, ANOVA, and χ 2 test were used to analyze physical fitness score and level among students with different ethnic groups, gender, and school stages.@*Results@#The average comprehensive score of physical fitness among students from 7 ethnic groups in Yunnan Province was (70.02±9.69）, with the pass rate being 88.91%. The proportion of excellent was 0.93%, good was 17.90%, pass 70.09 %, and failed was 11.09%. Physical fitness score was highest in BMI (94.99 points), followed by 50 meter running (74.13 points), sitting forward bend (72.63 points), endurance running (70.43 points), standing long jump (67.77 points), sit ups ( 65.71 points) , 1 minute skipping rope (65.25 points), vital capacity (62.97 points), pull up (29.04 points). Physical fitness score and pass rate and evaluation level varied significantly by ethnicity and school stage( F =293.53，452.85， χ 2/ χ 2 trend =466.65， 412.57 ； 1 553.22 ，1 045.36， P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The excellent rate of physical fitness among students in Yunnan Province is relatively low. Physical fitness promotion requires specific guidance and training based on ethnicity and school stage.
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Objective@#To understand the association between waist circumference with psychological sub health among middle school students in Xinjiang, and to provide evidence for the management of waist circumference and effective prevention of mental health problems.@*Methods@#By using the stratified cluster sampling, 6 191 middle school students aged 13-15 in Urumqi, Karamay, Yining, and Kashgar of Xinjiang were surveyed on demographic information, lifestyle, waist circumference, and psychological sub health symptoms. Chi square test, one way ANOVA, and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association between waist circumference and mental sub health.@*Results@#The detection rate of psychological subhealth among secondary school students in Xinjiang was 21.4%. The detection rates of emotional problems, behavioral problems, and social adjustment difficulties were 28.4 %, 28.1%, and 17.7%, respectively. Significant differences in the detection rate of emotional problems, social adjustment difficulties, and psychological sub health scores were observed among students with different waist circumference levels ( F= 4.03 , 10.90 , 5.81, P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that secondary school students with high waist circumference had a higher risk of social adjustment difficulties ( OR=1.45, 95%CI =1.20-1.75) and psychological sub health problems ( OR=1.46, 95%CI =1.22-1.74) compared to those with normal waist circumference ( P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Psychological sub health problems of middle school students in Xinjiang are prominent, and the waist circumference is positively related to the psychological sub health problems. Schools should pay attention to the mental health education of middle school students, ensure reasonable diet, sleep and living habits, and promote their physical and mental health development.