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1.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 92(3): e1105, jul.-set. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126774

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La distrofia miotónica congénita es la forma clínica que produce la expresión fenotípica más grave, con alta morbilidad y mortalidad en los primeros meses de vida, dadas fundamentalmente por las complicaciones respiratorias. Objetivo: Describir una serie de casos con expresión clínica de distrofia miotónica congénita. Presentación de casos: La serie estaba conformada por cuatro pacientes con diagnóstico de la enfermedad en la provincia de Pinar del Río, Cuba. El estudio se realizó entre: enero de 2015-diciembre de 2019. Se revisaron las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y genéticas de la entidad. Se analizaron los antecedentes prenatales-perinatales de cada caso, las manifestaciones fenotípicas, los antecedentes familiares y el cálculo de la prevalencia. En el 100 por ciento de los casos se presentó parto pretérmino con depresión neonatal severa e hipotonía. Entre los antecedentes prenatales se describió la disminución de los movimientos fetales y el polihidramnios en el 75 y 50 por ciento de los casos, respectivamente. La totalidad de los pacientes eran descendientes de madres afectadas. Las principales complicaciones que condujeron a morbilidad y mortalidad en el 100 por ciento de los casos fueron las relacionadas con el sistema respiratorio, trastornos hidroelectrolíticos y las infecciones asociadas. Conclusiones: En el período neonatal son importantes los antecedentes prenatales-perinatales de los pacientes con distrofia miotónica. Estos antecedentes, constituyen acontecimientos que forman parte de la secuencia de hipoquinesia fetal dada por la afectación neuromuscular intraútero. Los antecedentes familiares y sobre todo cuando la madre está afectada conducen a expresiones severas en la descendencia(AU)


Introduction: Congenital myotonic dystrophy is a clinical form that produces the most severe phenotypic expression, with high morbility and mortality in the first months of life mainly due to respiratory complications. Objective: To describe a serie of cases with clinical expression of congenital myotonic dystrophy. Cases presentation: The serie was formed by 4 patients with diagnosis of the disease in Pinar del Río province, Cuba. The study was made from January, 2015 to December, 2019. There were reviewed the clinical, epidemiological and genetic characteristics of this entity. There were analyzed prenatal and perinatal backgrounds of each case, phenotypic manifestations, the family records and the prevalence calculations. In 100 percent of the cases it was presented preterm birth with severe neonatal depression and hypotonia. Among the prenatal backgrounds, it was described the decrease of the fetal movements and polyhydramnios in the 75 and 50 percent of the cases, respectively. All the patients were descendants of affected mothers. The main complications that led to morbility and mortality in 100 percent of the cases were the ones related with the respiratory system, hydrolectrolitic disorders and associated infections. Conclusions: In the neonatal period are important the prenatal-perinatal records of patients with myotonic dystrophy. This background shows events that are part of the fetal hypokinesia´s sequence caused by intrauterine neuromuscular affectation. Family background and especially when the mother is affected lead to severe expressions in the descendants(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Myotonic Dystrophy/genetics , Myotonic Dystrophy/mortality , Myotonic Dystrophy/epidemiology , Genetic Background
2.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 46(3): 228-239, July-Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-959810

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic diseases characterized by the compromised synthesis or regeneration of the muscle contractile proteins. Although they belong to the same group of diseases, they have different characteristics in their clinical presentation and in their genetic origin. These diseases are classified as orphan as they have a low incidence among the general population, but represent a huge anesthetic challenge, particularly among the pediatric population. Objective: To describe the main clinical aspects of muscular dystrophies, their etiology, anesthetic implications, and the major complications that may occur during the perioperative management. Methodology: A review article is discussed based on a systematic search of the literature to produce a descriptive review. The main source of information is case reports obtained from databases as PubMed, Google Scholar, and websites specialized in rare diseases, to describe the main anesthetic implications of muscular dystrophies. Results: A total of 65 references were identified by the authors in accordance with the relevance of the topic for the final review. Conclusion: Muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of diseases that share a common etiology due to direct injury of the muscle fiber with a progressive and systemic compromise. Each type of muscular dystrophy is different in terms of its clinical presentation, genetic origin, and anesthetic risks which are mainly cardiovascular complications due to malignant arrhythmias, acute rhabdomyolysis triggered by drugs used in anesthesia, and perioperative respiratory failure.


Resumen Introducción: Las distrofias musculares son un grupo de enfermedades genéticas que se caracterizan por compromiso en la síntesis o regeneración de las proteínas contráctiles del musculo. Aunque pertenecen al mismo grupo de enfermedades tienen características muy diferentes en su presentación clínica y en su origen genético. Estas enfermedades se clasifican como huérfanas debido a que tienen una incidencia muy baja en la población general, pero representan un enorme reto anestésico, especialmente en la población pediátrica. Objetivo: Describir los principales aspectos clínicos de las distrofias musculares, su etiología, implicaciones anestésicas y principales complicaciones que pueden ocurrir durante el perioperatorio. Metodología: Se presenta un artículo de revisión basado en una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura para una revisión descriptiva, donde la principal fuente de información son los reportes de caso obtenidos en las bases de datos de pubmed, google académico y páginas web especializadas en enfermedades raras, con el propósito de describir las principales implicaciones anestésicas de este grupo de enfermedades. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 65 referencias bibliográficas las cuales fueron seleccionadas por los autores de acuerdo con la relevancia del tema para la revisión final. Conclusión: Las distrofias musculares son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades que comparten una etiología común que es la lesión directa en la fibra muscular con un compromiso sistémico progresivo. Se diferencian en su presentación clínica, origen genético y riesgos anestésicos que son principalmente complicaciones cardiovasculares por arritmias malignas, rabdomiolisis aguda desencadenada por fármacos utilizados en la anestesia y falla respiratoria perioperatoria.


Subject(s)
Humans
3.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 80(5): 330-331, Sept.-Oct. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888149

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT A 37-year-old female presented with severe apraxia of lid opening (ALO) affecting the right upper lid associated with Becker congenital myotonia (MC). The patient had a history of right upper lid ptosis for 25 years that was exacerbated over the previous month with severe incapacity to open her right eye. No other associated neurological or ophthalmic symptoms were observed. The patient was treated with botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) injection into the pretarsal and lateral canthus region of the orbicularis oculi of the affected eyelid. Treatment with BoNT-A is an effective method of managing ALO in Becker MC. This is the first case of unilateral ALO in the course of Becker MC that was successfully treated with injections of botulinum toxin.


RESUMO Trata-se de uma mulher de 37 anos apresentando grave apraxia de abertura da pálpebra (AAP) superior direita associada com miotomia congênita de Becker (MC). A paciente há 25 anos apresentava ptose palpebral a direita e há um mês desenvolveu incapacidade de abertura do olho direito. Não havia associação com outro sintoma neurológico ou oftalmológico. A paciente recebeu injeção de botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) no músculo orbicular a direita, na região pretarsal e no canto lateral. A BoNT-A foi efetiva para o tratamento da AAP associada com miotomia congênita de Becker.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Apraxias/drug therapy , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Eyelid Diseases/drug therapy , Myotonia Congenita/complications , Neurotoxins/therapeutic use , Apraxias/etiology , Time Factors , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Eyelid Diseases/etiology , Facial Muscles/drug effects , Facial Muscles/physiopathology , Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects
4.
Med. reabil ; 33(2): 35-38, maio-ago. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-775911

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A doença de Thomsen e de Becker são as miotonias congênitas mais prevalentes. De acordo com a literatura atual a sua freqüência é de 1:100000 pessoas, a miotonia de Thomsen é caracterizada por ser uma autossômica dominante e a de Becker é autossômica recessiva. Objetivo: Descrever a intervenção fisioterapêutica pré-operatória no paciente com Miotonia de Thomsen. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, DLS, 14 anos de idade, raça branca, natural da cidade de São Paulo, diagnosticada com dois anos de vida como portadora de Miotonia de Thomsen. Acompanhada pelo grupo de coluna da Irmandade Santa casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, de acordo com o seu crescimento e evolução do quadro álgico e limitações nas atividades de vida diária e foi encaminhada para o grupo de fisioterapia da IMSC-SP. Foi realizada avaliação da amplitude de movimento com flexímetro, aplicação do escore de qualidade de vida SF-36 e avaliação da dor EVA. Resultados: Após 12 sessões de fisioterapia a amplitude de movimento Flexão (95º), Extensão (30º), ambos os ângulos foram mantidos, (EVA=2) e de acordo com o SF-36 a paciente apresentou aumento do escore confirmando a melhora da qualidade de vida. Conclusão: A fisioterapia se mostrou eficaz estabilizando a amplitude de movimento, melhora da dor e qualidade de vida de acordo com o questionário SF-36 estabilizando o quadro clínico necessário para cirurgia.


Introduction: Thomsen's and Becker are the most prevalent congenital myotonias. According to the current literature is the frequency of 1:1000000 people, Thomsen myotonia is characterized as an autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive Becker is. Objective: to describe the prooperative physiotherapeutic inteventions in patients with Myotonia of Thomsen. Case report: A female patient, DLS, 14 years old, born in the city of São Paulo, diagnosed with two years of life as having Myotonia of Thomsen white race. Accompanied by Spine Group of the Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, according to their growth and evolution of the hypertonic scenario was diagnosed with postural alteration of neuromuscular scoliosis structural type, developed a strong and painful picture limitations in activities of daily living and was referred to the physiotherapy group of IMSC-SP. Assessment of range of motion with fleximeter, application score the SF-36 and VAS pain evaluation was performed. Results: After 12 sessions of physiotherapy range of flexion (95º), extension (30º), both angles were kept (EVA=2) and move according to the SF-36 the patient had higher scores confirming the improved quality of life. Conclusion: The therapy was effective stabilizing range of motion, pain relief and quality of life according to the SF-36 questionnaire stabilizing the clinical picture needed for surgery.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Myotonia , Physical Therapy Modalities , Physical Therapy Specialty
5.
Braz. dent. sci ; 16(1): 80-83, 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-698282

ABSTRACT

Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS) is a rare recessive disorder characterized mainly by myotonia. As the clinical signs and symptoms are manifested in the oromaxillofacial region, paediatric dentists may be first choice of parents that seek information and assistance to their children. A female patient diagnosed with SJS was brought to our clinic for dental treatment with main complain of difficulty on oral hygiene and mastication due to tooth crowding. The treatment included preventive measures, extraction of a supernumerary tooth and the maxillary primary second molars. Furthermore, the patient was referred to orthodontic treatment for correction of tooth crowding. When dealing with children with confirmed diagnosis of SSJ, paediatric dentists should be understand the need of planning the dental treatment considering the characteristics and possible complications associated with the syndrome in order to reduce the risks to patients, especially when surgical procedures are necessary


A síndrome de Schwartz Jampel (SSJ) é uma desordem autossômica recessiva rara, caracterizada principalmente pela miotonia. Desde que alguns dos sinais clínicos e sintomas são manifestados na região oromaxilofacial, o odontopediatra pode ser o primeiro profissional a se deparar com um paciente portador desta síndrome. Um paciente do sexo feminino diagnosticado com SJS procurou a nossa clínica para tratamento dental com queixa principal de dificuldade na realização da higiene oral e mastigação, devido ao mau posicionamento dentário. O tratamento incluiu medidas preventivas, extração de um dente supranumerário e dos segundos molares decíduos e encaminhamento para tratamento ortodôntico. Quando uma criança possui o diagnóstico confirmado para SSJ, o odontopediatra deve ter conhecimento específico para planejar e realizar o tratamento odontológico de forma adequada, considerando as características da síndrome e as possíveis complicações associadas, a fim de reduzir os riscos ao paciente, especialmente quando procedimentos cirúrgicos são necessários.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Malocclusion , Myotonia , Osteochondrodysplasias , Tooth, Supernumerary
6.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Caracas) ; 35(1): 48-51, ene.-jun. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-682989

ABSTRACT

La miotonía de Thomsen es una enfermedad autosómica dominante que consiste en una marcada hipertrofia muscular a predominio en miembros superiores, que se encuentra asociada a una alteración en los canales de cloruro que intervienen en el potencial de acción del músculo esquelético, dicha enfermedad ha sido vinculada con complicaciones anestésicas como episodios de hipertermia maligna. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 20 años, IIG, IC, con embarazo de 38 semanas, y diagnóstico de miopatía de Thomsen para resolución obstétrica electiva por vía alta. Se discuten los aspectos clínicos de la enfermedad y su manejo anestésico


Thomsen myotonia is a autosomal dominant disease which consists in marked muscular hypertrophy with dominance in the upper limbs associated with disturbance in the chloride channels involved in the skeletal muscle action potential. This disease has been linked with anesthetic complications such as malignant hyperthermia episodes. Is a patient of 20 years old, IIG, IC, with 38 weeks pregnancy, and diagnosis of myopathy of Thomsen for elective obstetrical resolution by cesarean section. The clinical aspects of the disease and its anaesthetic management are discussed


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods , Malignant Hyperthermia/pathology , Myotonia Congenita/diagnosis , Myotonia/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications , Obstetrics
7.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 16(3): 353-368, Mayo-jun. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-642967

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la miotonía es un desorden del músculo, caracterizado por una relajación demorada del músculo esquelético después de la contracción voluntaria o por efecto de la percusión. Desarrollo: se comenta la fisiopatología a la luz de los conocimientos actuales en relación a los defectos genéticos ligados a las canalopatías. Se discute el diagnóstico positivo y diferencial, la clasificación, las principales formas clínicas y el tratamiento. Conclusiones: a pesar de un conocimiento creciente de la base genética de estos desórdenes, los rasgos clínicos y el electro diagnóstico permanecen como aliados insuperables en el diagnóstico positivo y diferencial de las mismas. Sobre las miotonías no distróficas existen algunas respuestas, con muchas más interrogantes tanto en su reconocimiento clínico como en su clasificación y tratamiento.


Introduction: myotonia is a muscle disorder, characterized by a delayed relaxation of a skeletal muscle after a voluntary contraction or by percussion. Development: the physiopathology in the light of current knowledge regarding genetic defects associated with channelopathies is presented. Positive and differential diagnosis, classification, main clinical forms and treatment are discussed. Conclusions: despite a growing understanding of the genetic basis of these disorders, clinical features and the electro-diagnostic remain as insuperable allies in positive and differential diagnosis. On myotonia no dystrophica there are some answers, with many more questions both its medical examination and its classification and treatment.

8.
Arch. méd. Camaguey ; 16(2): 229-243, mar.-abr. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-628130

ABSTRACT

Las miotonías no-distróficas son un grupo importante de canalopatías del músculo esquelético caracterizadas por excitabilidad alterada de la membrana celular. Hoy día se reconocen muchos fenotipos clínicos distintos con un rango de severidad que oscila desde la miotonía neonatal severa con compromiso respiratorio hasta el ataque miotónico ligero que producen las Parálisis Periódicas.Objetivo: analizar y discutir la fisiopatología, cuadro clínico y criterios diagnósticos de las miotonías no distróficas menos frecuentes de la práctica clínica.Desarrollo: las mutaciones genéticas específicas en los canales de voltaje del cloruro y de sodio son la causa en la mayoría de los pacientes. Estudios recientes han permitido las correlaciones más precisas entre el genotipo, patrón electrofisiológico y fenotipo clínico. Se comenta además el criterio diagnóstico de cada canalopatía en particular.Conclusiones: a pesar de los adelantos significativos en la clínica, genética molecular y fisiopatología de estos desórdenes existen problemas importantes no resueltos, tales como la utilidad de los estudios neurofisiológicos para identificar el posible genotipo, la ausencia de una historia natural de las canalopatías actualmente, aun cuando está disponible el estudio de genética molecular, la asociación de las miotonías congénitas con los cambios miopáticos, la relación de las miopatías congénitas con las miotonías congénitas y por último la posibilidad de un tratamiento más especifico y adecuado en ausencia de ensayos clínicos farmacológicos aleatorizados que permitan en el futuro tratar y prevenir el daño de los canales iónicos


Myotonia non-dystrophica is an important group of skeletal muscle channelopathies characterized by altered excitability of cell membrane. Nowadays are recognized many different clinical phenotypes with a severity level, ranging from severe neonatal myotonia with respiratory compromise to mild myotonic attack produced by periodical paralysis. Objective: to analyze and discuss the physiopathology, clinical picture and diagnostic criteria of myotonia non-dystrophica less frequent in clinical practice.Development: the specific genetic mutations in the chloride and sodium voltage channels are the cause in the majority of patients. Recent studies have allowed more precise correlations between genotype, electrophysiologic pattern and clinical phenotype. In addition each channelopathy diagnosis criterion is discussed.Conclusions: despite significant advances in the clinic, molecular genetics and physiopathology of these disorders, there are important unresolved issues, such as the usefulness of neurophysiologic studies to identify possible genotype, the absence of a natural history on channelopathy currently, even when is available the study of molecular genetics, the association of myotonia congenita with myopathic changes, the relationship of myotonia congenita with congenital myopathies and finally the possibility of a more specific and appropriate treatment in the absence of randomized pharmacologic clinical trials to enable in the future treating and preventing ionic channels damage


Subject(s)
Humans , Myotonia Congenita/diagnosis , Myotonia Congenita/therapy
9.
Rev. biol. trop ; 56(1): 1-11, mar. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-496393

ABSTRACT

Myotonia congenita is a muscular disease characterized by myotonia, hypertrophy, and stiffness. It is inherited as either autosomal dominant or recessive known as Thomsen and Becker diseases, respectively. Here we confirm the clinical diagnosis of a family diagnosed with a myotonic condition many years ago and report a new mutation in the CLCN1 gene. The clinical diagnosis was established using ocular, cardiac, neurological and electrophysiological tests and the molecular diagnosis was done by PCR, SSCP and sequencing of the CLCN1 gene. The proband and the other affected individuals exhibited proximal and distal muscle weakness but no hypertrophy or muscular pain was found. The myotatic reflexes were lessened and sensibility was normal. Electrical and clinical myotonia was found only in the sufferers. Slit lamp and electrocardiogram tests were normal. Two affected probands presented diminution of the sensitive conduction velocities and prolonged sensory distal latencies. The clinical spectrum for this family is in agreement with a clinical diagnosis of Becker myotonia. This was confirmed by molecular diagnosis where a new disease-causing mutation (Q412P) was found in the family and absent in 200 unaffected chromosomes. No latent myotonia was found in this family; therefore the ability to cause this subclinical sign might be intrinsic to each mutation. Implications of the structure-function-genotype relationship for this and other mutations are discussed. Adequate clinical diagnosis of a neuromuscular disorder would allow focusing the molecular studies toward the confirmation of the initial diagnosis, leading to a proper clinical management, genetic counseling and improving in the quality of life of the patients and relatives.


La miotonía congénita es una enfermedad muscular caracterizada por miotonía, hipertrofia y rigidez. Se presenta con dos patrones de herencia, autosómica dominante en cuyo caso recibe el nombre de miotonía de Thomsen, o autosómica recesiva conocida como miotonía de Becker. En este trabajo se confirmó el diagnóstico clínico presuntivo hecho hace algunos años en una familia con una condición miotónica y se reporta una nueva mutación en el gen CLCN1. El diagnóstico clínico se estableció después de estudios oculares, cardíacos, neurológicos y electrofisiológicos. El diagnóstico molecular fue hecho mediante la PCR, SSCP y secuenciación del gen CLCN1. El caso índice y los otros individuos afectados exhibieron debilidad muscular proximal y distal, pero no se encontró hipertrofia ni dolor muscular. Los reflejos miotáticos estuvieron disminuidos y la sensibilidad fue normal. Se encontró miotonía clínica y eléctrica solo en los individuos afectados. Las pruebas de lámpara de hendidura y electrocardiograma resultaron normales. Dos individuos afectados presentaron disminución de las velocidades de conducción sensitiva y latencias distales sensoriales prolongadas. El cuadro clínico concuerda con la miotonía de Becker, lo cual se confirmó con el hallazgo de una mutación responsable de la enfermedad en el gen CLCN1 (Q412P), la cual se encontró en la familia y estuvo ausente en 200 cromosomas provenientes de la población general. No se encontró miotonía latente, por lo que probablemente la habilidad de causar este signo subclínico es intrínsica de cada mutación. Afinar el diagnóstico clínico diferencial de las enfermedades neuromusculares permitiría enfocar los estudios moleculares hacia la confirmación del diagnóstico inicial en forma eficiente, lo cual permitiría un manejo clínico y asesoramiento genético más adecuados y una mejora en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus familias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Chloride Channels/genetics , Myotonia Congenita/diagnosis , Mutation/genetics , Costa Rica , DNA Restriction Enzymes , Phenotype , Pedigree , Genetic Markers , Myotonia Congenita/genetics , Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational , Polymerase Chain Reaction
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