ABSTRACT
Resumo Analisou-se a evolução de taxas das categorias homicídio doloso, latrocínio, lesão corporal seguida de morte, homicídio por auto de resistência, policial morto, pessoa desaparecida e encontro de cadáver, no Estado e na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e na Área Integrada de Segurança Pública 16 (AISP 16). Para tanto, foi realizado estudo ecológico, no período de 2002 a 2013, utilizando os dados do Instituto de Segurança Pública. Para análise da evolução temporal e tendência das taxas de homicídio doloso, de autos de resistência e de pessoas desaparecidas foi realizada regressão Joinpoint, considerando como variável dependente as referidas taxas e como variável independente o ano calendário. Para as demais categorias analisou-se apenas a evolução temporal das taxas a partir do cálculo da variação relativa destas no início e no final do período. Houve queda de taxas em todas as categorias, com exceção de pessoas desaparecidas. A taxa de homicídio doloso apresentou tendência significativa de decréscimo nas três localidades. Os resultados contribuíram para descrever o padrão da violência nas três localidades a partir do diálogo entre as ciências sociais, saúde e segurança pública, o que permitiu contemplar aspectos subjetivos e objetivos ligados aos achados do estudo.
Abstract The evolution of rates were analyzed for the following categories: murder, larceny, bodily harm followed by death, homicide for resistance to police resulting in death, policeman killed, missing persons and dead bodies found in the state and city of Rio de Janeiro and in Integrated Public Security Area 16 (AISP 16). An ecological study was conducted for the period from 2002 to 2013, using data from the Public Security Institute. To analyze the time trend and evolution of murder charges, resistance to police resulting in death and missing persons rates, Joinpoint regression was performed, using these rates as the dependent variables and the calendar year as the independent variable. For the other categories only the time trends of the rates were analyzed for the relative change in rates at the beginning and end of the period. There were falls in rates in all categories, except for missing persons. The murder rate showed a significant downward trend in the three locations. The results contributed to definition of the pattern of violence in the three locations based on the dialogue between the social sciences, public health and safety that made it possible to establish subjective and objective aspects linked to the study findings.
Subject(s)
Humans , Homicide/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Violence , Brazil/epidemiology , CitiesABSTRACT
Armed conflict in Colombia has played an important role in the missing people phenomenon, in which the Government has the duty to identify, recover and investigate the crime in the process of the victims' reparation. However, identifying missing people is a complex process because of the huge amount of time it consumes and the lack of information regarding the identity of the missing people, which is the norm in most of the cases. In such cases in which there is little information on the identity of missing people (including data of their relatives), DNA analysis and databases are of key importance in the identification process. This is why we present two cases that exemplify the role of DNA databases in the successful identification of missing people.
En el marco del conflicto armado que se ha presentado durante los últimos años en el territorio colombiano, el Estado ha llevado a cabo la labor de investigar, recuperar e identificar los cuerpos de personas desaparecidas en el proceso de reparación a las víctimas. La identificación de personas fallecidas y desaparecidas en la mayoría de los casos es un proceso largo y complejo, en el que es frecuente contar con muy escasa información sobre la posible identidad del individuo y sin ninguna información sobre los familiares. Es aquí donde el análisis de ADN y las bases de datos relacionadas juegan un papel importante en este proceso. Se presentan dos casos en los que se logra la identificación de dos individuos previamente reportados en condición de no identificados (individuos CNI); esto se da años después mediante la búsqueda y comparación de perfiles genéticos en la Base Nacional de Perfiles Genéticos de Aplicación en Investigación Judicial CODIS (Combined DNA Index System por sus siglas en inglés) y haciendo una ampliación del análisis genético en ambos casos para su confirmación.
Subject(s)
Humans , Genetics , DatabaseABSTRACT
Unidentified and unclaimed bodies for medico-legal autopsy has shown increased trend. Relatives of unidentified bodies suffer a lot of psychological trauma and also suffer in settling insurance, inheritance and pension claims. When an unidentified body has injuries on face, then photograph of such deceased is not accepted by print or electronic media for publication as such photograph may cause distress to the viewers. This study was conducted on three cases of unidentified and unclaimed bodies brought for medico-legal autopsy with facial injuries making their photographs unfit for publication in print or electronic media. Photograph of the deceased face was taken; image was transferred to a computer and by using Adobe Photoshop software CS2 and the injuries present on face were removed. The result showed that in all the three cases we could establish the identity by digital imaging. Relatives of the deceased could identify their missing relative by photograph shown to them after removal of injuries. Later on police confirmed the identification by using other methods of establishing identity. This method can be an aid in identification of unidentified bodies presented with facial injuries.