Reproduction and growth in a Neotropical arboreal mouse: Oecomys rutilus (Sigmodontinae: Cricetidae) in French Guiana / Reprodução e crescimento de um rato arbóreo neotropical: Oecomys rutilus (Sigmodontinae: Cricetidae) na Guiana Francesa

Abstract: Postnatal growth and development of the small Neotropical mouse Oecomys rutilus (Sigmodontinae: Cricetidae) were investigated from birth to day 143, in the laboratory. Morphometric measurements at age of 3 days, of both sexes combined, revealed body weight to be 3.4 ± 0.3 g, mean tail length as 27.4 ± 1.1 mm, and mean hind foot length as 9.3 ± 0.7 mm. Body weight was found to increase steadily until at least 69 days, whereas the instantaneous growth rates of other measurements declined earlier: the daily growth of hind foot length declined to a minimum at age of 24 days, and the growth of tail and of ear declined by the age of 33 days. Average litter size for 12 captive births was 2.5, ranging from 2 to 3. The preserved eye crystalline lens was weighted in 23 captive-born animals of known age, allowing a rough estimate of the age of reproduction in wild-caught animals. Based on the inferred relation between eye-lens weight and age, the youngest reproductive (pregnant) wild-caught females had an estimated age of 90 and 95 days.

Resumo: O crescimento pós-natal e o desenvolvimento do pequeno roedor neotropical Oecomys rutilus (Sigmodontinae: Cricetidae) foram investigados desde o nascimento até o dia 143, em laboratório. Mensurações morfométricas na idade de 3 dias, de ambos os sexos combinados, revelaram a massa corporal de 3,4 ± 0,3 g, comprimento médio da cauda de 27,4 ± 1,1 mm, e comprimento médio do pé de 9,3 ± 0,7 mm. A massa do corpo aumentou rapidamente até o dia 69, enquanto as taxas de crescimento instantâneo de outras medidas diminuíram mais cedo: o crescimento diário do pé diminuiu para o mínimo na idade de 24 dias, e os crescimentos da cauda e da orelha diminuíram na idade de 33 dias. O tamanho de prole médio para 12 nascimentos em cativeiro foi de 2,5, variando de 2 a 3. As lentes preservadas do cristalino do olho foram pesadas em 23 animais nascidos em cativeiro de idades conhecidas, permitindo fazer uma estimativa da idade de reprodução em animais capturados na natureza. Baseado na relação inferida entre peso da lente do cristalino e idade, as mais jovens fêmeas (prenhes) capturadas na natureza tiveram uma estimativa de 90 a 95 dias de idade.

Predicción del crecimiento de la Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis en leche descramada estéril en función a la temperatura / Growth prediction of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis in sterile skimed milk as a function of temperature

Diversos modelos matemáticos han sido desarrollados con el objeto de predecir el comportamiento de las poblaciones bacterianas en fase de crecimiento en condiciones controladas a nivel de laboratorio, muchos de estos han sido validados en condiciones de producción, transporte y almacenamiento de alimentos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fué adaptar un modelo matemático utilizando ecuaciones obtenidas como resultado del análisis con modelos secundarios de los coeficientes de regresión de la ecuación de Gompertz, a efectos de lograr predecir las poblaciones en crecimiento de Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis en leche en polvo reconstituida y esterilizada, controlando la temperatura en el rango desde 9 a 39°C. Con este fin, los coeficientes “A” y “B” se analizaron con el modelo de la raíz cuadrada, obteniéndose valores de R2 = 0,819 y 0,991, respectivamente, mientras que el modelo hiperbólico se utilizó para modelar los coeficientes “D” (R2= 0,812) y “M” (R2= 0,995). Finalmente se obtuvo una expresión reparametrizada del modelo original de Gompertz, sustituyendo cada coeficiente de regresión por la ecuación que lo describe, en función a las diferentes temperaturas estudiadas, siendo este modelo utilizado para predecir directamente las poblaciones del microorganismo en estudio a cualquier temperatura dentro del rango estudiado. Se obtuvieron diferencias muy pequeñas entre la población observada experimentalmente y la ajustada según la aplicación del modelo desarrollado, observándose una distribución bastante equilibrada de los valores residuales. Se recomienda utilizar este tipo de modelo para describir el crecimiento de poblaciones combinadas en productos como leche pasteurizada comercial.

Several mathematic models have been developed to predict the behavior of bacteria populations in growing phase and controlled conditions at the laboratory. Many of these models have been validated under food production, transportation and storage conditions. The objective of this study was to adapt a mathematical model using equations obtained as a result of the analysis with secondary models of regression coefficients from the Gompertz equation, to predict population of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis in the growing phase in reconstituted and sterilized powder milk, controlling temperature in a range of 9 to 39°C. Prediction was done by the analysis of “A” and “B” coefficients, using the square root model, obtaining R2 values = 0.819 and 0.991, respectively. Furthermore, a hyperbolic model was used for modeling “D” (R2= 0.812) and “M” (R2= 0.995) coefficients. Finally, a reparametrized expression of the original Gompertz model was obtained replacing each regression coefficient by the described equation, in relation to the different studied temperatures. Thus, this model was used to directly predict the population of microorganism under study at any temperature in the studied range. Small differences were obtained between both, the experimental and the adjusted populations, according to the application of the developed model. A well balanced distribution of the residual values was observed. The use of this type of models is recommended to describe growth of combined microorganism populations in products such as commercial pasteurized milk.