ABSTRACT
Los sistemas de uso del suelo con leñosas perennes, como cacaotales, mitigan el cambio climático, al capturar CO2 atmosférico. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la fijación de carbono en biomasa total en los sistemas de producción de cacao, dominantes del Tolima, Colombia. El estudio, se realizó en Rovira y Falan, empleando un diseño experimental, completamente al azar, con seis sistemas de producción de cacao: monocultivo, sistema agroforestal (SAF) con maderables, SAF con aguacate, SAF con cítricos, SAF con frutales, y SAF con maderables y frutales y tres repeticiones. Se establecieron dos parcelas de muestreo rectangulares, de 1.000m² por unidad de muestreo, donde se identificaron y midieron los árboles con dap ⥠10cm (diámetro del tronco a la altura del pecho -dap- y altura total -ht). Se establecieron dos sub-parcelas de 256m², por parcela principal, para medir arbustos de cacao: ht y diámetro del tronco, a 30 cm de altura (D30). Se emplearon modelos alométricos, para estimar la biomasa. El SAF con maderables y frutales y SAF con frutales presentaron la mayor biomasa total (122,0 y 72,5t/ ha). En el SAF con maderables y frutales, se evidenció el mayor almacenamiento de carbono, con 61,0t C/ha, mientras que la mayor tasa de fijación de carbono fue de 17,7t/ha/ año, para el SAF con cítricos. Los resultados sugieren que la producción de cacao, que incluyen otras especies vegetales, diversifica la producción e incrementa la seguridad alimentaria y la generación de servicios ambientales, tal como la captura de carbono atmosférico.
The land use systems with woody perennials species, such as cacao plantations, mitigate climate change by capturing atmospheric CO2. The aim of the study was to estimate the fixation of atmospheric carbon in total biomass in the most dominant cocoa production systems in Tolima, Colombia. The study was carried out in Rovira and Falan using a completely randomized experimental design with six cocoa production systems: monoculture, agroforestry system (SAF) with timber trees, SAF with avocado, SAF with citrus species, SAF with fruit trees and SAF with timber and fruit species with three replications. Two rectangular sampling plots 1000m² were established by sampling unit where trees with diameter of trunk at breast height (dbh) ⥠10cm were identified and measured (dbh and total height - th). Two subplots of 256 m² by main plot, for measuring cocoa bushes were established: ht and trunk diameter at 30cm height (D30). Allometric models to estimate biomass were used. The AFS with timber and fruit species and AFS with fruit species had the greatest biomass (122.0 and 72.5t/ha). In the AFS with timber and fruit species presented the highest carbon storage in biomass with 61.0t C/ha; whereas the greatest carbon fixation rate was 17.7 t/ha/year in AFS with citrus species. The results suggest that cocoa plantations that include other plant species diversify the production and increase food security and generation of environmental services, such as capturing atmospheric carbon.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this work was to evaluate the distribution of biomass in compartments, as well as to test and select methods to estimate total biomass for species of Bambusa. For the test of the methods were evaluated: method of estimation from allometric models (total and by compartments), application of allometric equation from literature and method that uses the volume, the density and biomass expansion factor (BEF). Were evaluated using the destructive method, 24 bamboos of the species Bambusa oldhamii Munro and Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J. C. Wendl. For the estimation of biomass, were adjusted 5 models for the selection of the best one and the BEF calculated through the values of volume and density. These methodologies were compared among themselves and with the real biomass. The relationship of increased strength of independent variables with dried biomass measured was with dbh. In the adjustment of mathematical models, the best model was the 5 for the total biomass, model 1 for leaf and culm, and the model 3 for the limb. Of the three methodologies for estimating total biomass, the method of Biomass Expansion Factor demonstrated greater accuracy in estimates, being indicated, therefore, the potential use of this methodology.
Esse trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a distribuição da biomassa nos compartimentos, bem como, testar e selecionar métodos para estimativa de biomassa total para o gênero Bambusa. Para o teste dos métodos foram avaliados: método da estimativa a partir de modelos alométricos, aplicação de equação alométrica obtida por literatura e método que utiliza o volume, a densidade e o fator de expansão da biomassa (FEB). Foram avaliados, utilizando o método destrutivo, 24 bambus das espécies Bambusa oldhamii Munro e Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J. C. Wendl. Para a estimativa de biomassa, foram ajustados 5 modelos para a seleção do melhor e calculado o FEB através dos valores de volume e densidade, metodologias estas comparadas entre si e com a biomassa real. A relação de maior força das variáveis independentes com as biomassas secas mensuradas se deu com o dap. No ajuste dos modelos matemáticos, o melhor modelo foi o 5 para o compartimento total, modelo 1 para folhagem e colmo, e o modelo 3 para os galhos. Das três metodologias de estimativa da biomassa total, o método do Fator de Expansão da Biomassa demonstrou maior acurácia nas estimativas, sendo indicada, portanto, a potencial utilização dessa metodologia.