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Rev. chil. pediatr ; 83(4): 359-365, ago. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657729

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Recent studies show that moderately and late preterm infants (MLI) (Gestational age (GA) 32 to 36(6)), are in high risk for delayed psychomotor development (PMD) and learning disabilities. Objective: To compare PMD between MLI and full term infants (FTI) and to analyze associated perinatal risk factors. Methodology: 131 MLI and 119 FTI were recruited between May 2008 and April 2011 in a private health center in Santiago, Chile. Both groups were compared according to age, gender and socio-economic level. At the ages of 8, 18 and 30 months the children were evaluated by means of the Bayley III Scale for Infantile Development 3rd edition (BAYLEY-III). PMD was compared in both groups and multiple lineal regression analysis was performed. Results: MLI showed a significantly lower development coefficient, but it matched the FTI when corrected by GA, (99 +/- 10.4 versus 100.8 +/- 9.9). Even with corrected GA, the cognitive performance was lower (98 +/- 10.4 vs 103.1 +/- 11.4 p < 0.05). Multiple lineal regressions showed that GA and gender were associated with lower cognitive development. Conclusion: Cognitive performance of MLI was below that of FTI. This increases the need to have especial standards of care and stimulation for these children.


Introducción: Estudios recientes refieren que los prematuros moderados y tardíos (PMT) (Edad Gestacional (EG) 32 a 36(6)), presentan un elevado riesgo de retraso del desarrollo psicomotor (DSM) y dificultades de aprendizaje. Objetivo: Comparar el DSM entre niños nacidos PMT y recién nacidos de término (RNT) y analizar los factores de riesgo perinatal asociados. Metodología: En un centro de salud de Santiago de Chile, entre mayo 2008 y abril 2011, se reclutaron 131 PMT y 119 RNT, pareados por edad, género y nivel socioeconómico. A los 8, 18 o 30 meses se les aplicó la Escala de Bayley III de Desarrollo Infantil-3ª edición. Se comparó el DSM entre los dos grupos y se implementó una regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: Los PMT presentaron un coeficiente de desarrollo significativamente inferior al no corregir EG, equiparándose con los RNT al corregirla (99 +/- 10,4 vs 100,8 +/- 9,9). Aún con EG corregida, el desempeño cognitivo fue inferior (98 +/- 10,4 vs 103,1 +/- 11,4 p < 0,05). En la regresión lineal múltiple el género y la EG se asociaron con menor desarrollo cognitivo. Conclusión: El desempeño cognitivo de los PMT fue inferior a los RNT. Se plantea la importancia de implementar un estándar de cuidado y estimulación para este grupo de niños.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology , Infant, Premature , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Child Development , Chile , Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Gestational Age , Linear Models , Motor Activity , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Cognition Disorders/etiology
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