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Objective@#To investigate the effect of the socket-shield technique (SST) concurrent with immediate implant placement and provisionalization (IIPP) in the aesthetic restoration of anterior teeth.@*Methods@#A case of maxillary anterior tooth stumps with a thin labial bone wall was treated with SST for preservation of labial soft and hard tissue fullness, combined with an immediate implant placement and immediate provisional crown for restoring the shape of the tooth and gingival molding@*Results@#Immediate implant placement and provisionalization restored the morphology and function of the affected tooth in the shortest possible time. The patient's labial soft and hard tissue contours in the affected tooth area were well preserved in the 18-month follow-up after the application of the SST, which presented a better aesthetic result. The literature review indicates that the indications for SST are unrestorable maxillary anterior teeth, whose dental, periodontal and periapical tissues are healthy and intact. In the esthetic zone, root shielding is effective in maintaining the soft and hard tissue contour on the labial side of the implant. However, there is no consensus on the technical details of SST, such as the ideal coronal height and thickness of the shield, and the management of the gap between the shield and the implant. Thus, more clinical studies and histologic evidence are needed to provide a reference for clinical decision-making. In addition, digital technology can improve the accuracy of implant placement and shield preparation.@*Conclusion@#The correct application of SST combined with IIPP in the esthetic zone can ensure esthetic results. However, more high-quality evidence-based medical evidence is needed for its long-term efficacy, and indications should be strictly controlled during clinical application.
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OBJECTIVE To optimize the molding process of Shuangye pipa granules based on the concept of quality by design （QbD） and analyze its physical fingerprint. METHODS The dry extract of Shuangye pipa granules was used as the main drug. The retention rate of total flavonoid， moisture absorption rate， dissolution rate， angle of repose and molding rate of the granules were selected as evaluation indexes. The single-factor test combined with the entropy weight method and Box-Behnken response surface design was used to optimize the molding process， and validation test was conducted. The physical fingerprints of 10 batches of Shuangye pipa granules prepared by the optimal process were comprehensively analyzed by eight secondary physical indexes （relative homogeneity， moisture， moisture absorption rate， Hausner ratio， angle of repose， bulk density， tap density and porosity）. RESULTS The optimal molding process of Shuangye pipa granules was as follows： soluble starch-maltodextrin-mannitol was 1∶1∶1 （m/m/m）， 95% ethanol was as wetting agent and the amount of it was 37%， the drug-assisted ratio was 1∶0.8 （m/m）， the drying temperature was 59 ℃， drying time was 28 min. The results of 3 validation tests showed that the average comprehensive score was 0.879 6， the RSD of which with prediction value （0.881 9 score） was 1.97%. The similarity between the physical fingerprints of 10 batches of Shuangye pipa granules and the control physical fingerprint was higher than 0.99. CONCLUSIONS The optimized molding process of Shuangye pipa granules is stable and feasible， and the physical property of Shuangye pipa granules is stable and controllable.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the preparation and properties of the novel silica (SiO 2)/hydroxyapatite (HAP) whiskers porous ceramics scaffold.@*METHODS@#The HAP whiskers were modified by the SiO 2 microspheres using the Stöber method. Three types of SiO 2/HAP whiskers were fabricated under different factors (for the No.1 samples, the content of tetraethoxysilane, stirring time, calcination temperature, and soaking time were 10 mL, 12 hours, 560℃, and 0.5 hours, respectively; and in the No.2 samples, those were 15 mL, 24 hours, 650℃, and 2 hours, respectively; while those in the No.3 samples were 20 mL, 48 hours, 750℃, and 4 hours, respectively). The phase and morphology of the self-made HAP whisker and 3 types of SiO 2/HAP whiskers were detected by the X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Taken the self-made HAP whisker and 3 types of SiO 2/HAP whiskers as raw materials, various porous ceramic materials were prepared using the mechanical foaming method combined with extrusion molding method, and the low-temperature heat treatment. The pore structure of porous ceramics was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Its porosity and pore size distribution were measured. And further the axial compressive strength was measured, and the biodegradability was detected by simulated body fluid. Cell counting kit 8 method was used to conduct cytotoxicity experiments on the extract of porous ceramics.@*RESULTS@#The SiO 2 microspheres modified HAP whiskers and its porous ceramic materials were prepared successfully, respectively. In the SiO 2/HAP whiskers, the amorphous SiO 2 microspheres with a diameter of 200 nm, uniform distribution and good adhesion were attached to the surface of the whiskers, and the number of microspheres was controllable. The apparent porosity of the porous ceramic scaffold was about 78%, and its pore structure was composed of neatly arranged longitudinal through-holes and a large number of micro/nano through-holes. Compared with HAP whisker porous ceramic, the axial compressive strength of the SiO 2/HAP whisker porous ceramics could reach 1.0 MPa, which increased the strength by nearly 4 times. Among them, the axial compressive strength of the No.2 SiO 2/HAP whisker porous ceramic was the highest. The SiO 2 microspheres attached to the surface of the whiskers could provide sites for the deposition of apatite. With the content of SiO 2 microspheres increased, the deposition rate of apatite accelerated. The cytotoxicity level of the prepared porous ceramics ranged from 0 to 1, without cytotoxicity.@*CONCLUSION@#SiO 2/HAP whisker porous ceramics have good biological activity, high porosity, three-dimensional complex pore structure, good axial compressive strength, and no cytotoxicity, which make it a promising scaffold material for bone tissue engineering.
Subject(s)
Animals , Durapatite , Porosity , Vibrissae , Apatites , Ceramics , Silicon DioxideABSTRACT
3D printing is an additive manufacturing technology with the help of digital control. Since FDA approved the first 3D printing drug in 2015, its research enthusiasm in the pharmaceutical field has been increasing year by year. In printing technology, fused deposition molding (FDM) and semi-solid extrusion (SSE) are the two most widely used extrusion molding technologies. In this review, recent advances of pharmaceutical 3D printing extrusion molding technology are reviewed from six aspects: mechanism, equipment, pharmaceutical excipients, applications, design and industrialization prospects of extrusion molding technology.
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Objective:To optimize the best molding process of Jinpuju Qingrelishi Granules.Methods:Based on the single factor test, the relative density of clear ointment and the amount of diluent (dextrin∶lactose=2∶1) are used as investigating factors, and the overall evaluation of the molding rate and angle of repose overall desirability (OD) is used as the evaluation index. The effect surface method is used to optimize the best molding process of Jinpuju Qingrelishi Granules.Results:The best molding process conditions: the relative density of the clear paste is 1.20 (60 ℃) and the amount of diluent is 3 times that of the clear paste. After mixing the clear paste and diluent, make soft material, pass through a 14-mesh sieve to granulate, dry in an oven (55 ℃) for 1 hour, and sizing to obtain. The molding rates of the three batches of verification test granules were 93.73%, 93.03%, 95.59%, respectively, the predicted OD value was 0.928, the verification value was 0.936, and the deviation from the predicted value was -0.86%.Conclusion:The molding process of this experiment is stable and reliable, with good repeatability, which can provide a reference for the follow-up research of Jinpuju Qingrelishi Granules.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of material and processing methods on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods: Five types of brackets were tested: Conventional metallic (CM), metallic sandblasted (SB), ceramic (C), polycarbonate (PC), and metallic fabricated by melting injection molding (MIM). Shear bond strength (SBS) was conducted to check bond strength of the brackets bonded to bovine teeth (n=10/group), and tensile bond strength (TBS) (20 brackets/group) to check bracket retention to bonding material (n=20/group). Both, SBS and TBS were conducted with 1mm/min crosshead speed in a universal testing machine. Bond strength was calculated in Megapascal (MPa) based on force (N) and bracket area (mm 2). Data normality was verified, and One-way ANOVA was the statistical test with Tukey post-hoc (α=0.05). Results: SB and MIM presented higher SBS compared to C, PC, and CM (p<0.05). SB and MIM also presented significantly higher TBS compared to CM and PC (p<0.05). However, MIM was not different of C for TBS. Conclusion: The type of material and method of fabrication are determinant factors that affect bond strength of orthodontic brackets and melting injection molding (MIM) is a remarkable technology to improve brackets retention during the orthodontic treatment. (AU)
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos dos materiais e métodos de processamento na resistência de união de bráquetes ortodônticos. Material e Métodos: Cinco tipos de bráquetes foram testados: Convencionais metálicos (CM), metálicos jateados (SB), cerâmico (C), policarbonato (PC), e metálico fabricado por injeção de metal fundido em molde (MIM). A resistência de união ao cisalhamento (SBS) foi conduzida para verificar a resistência de união dos bráquetes aderidos a dentes bonivos (n=10/grupo) e a resistência à tração (TBS) (20 bráquetes/grupo) para verificar a retenção do bráquete ao material adesivo (n=20/grupo). SBS e TBS foram conduzidas com relação carga/velocidade de 1mm/min em uma máquina de ensaios universal. A resistência de união foi calculada em Megapascal (MPa) com base na força (N) pela área do bráquete (mm 2). A normalidade dos dados e a estatística foi realizada utilizando One-way ANOVA e Tukey post-hoc (α=0.05). SB e MIM apresentaram os maiores valores de SBS comparados com C, PC e CM (p<0.05). Resultados: SB e MIM também apresentaram valores significativamente maiores de TBS comparados com CM e PC (p<0.05). Contudo, os valores de TBS para o grupo MIM não foram significativamente diferentes de C. Conclusão: O tipo de material e o método de fabricação são fatores determinantes que afetam a resistência de união de bráquetes ortodônticos e a injeção de metal fundido em molde (MIM) é uma tecnologia relevante para melhorar a retenção dos bráquetes durante o tratamento ortodôntico. (AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Orthodontic Brackets , Dental Cements , Shear StrengthABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the positioning errors of individual head-rest combined with thermoplastic fixation mask versus thermoplastic fixation mask alone in patients with head and neck tumors. Methods:Twenty-eight patients who received irradiation with helical tomotherapy in Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital) between October 2019 and April 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive position fixation with either individual head-rest combined with thermoplastic fixation mask (N1 group, n = 14) or thermoplastic fixation mask alone (N2 group, n = 14). Megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) scanning registration was used to obtain the positioning errors in translation and rotation (ROLL) in the left-right (X), head-food (Y), and belly-back (Z) directions. There were a total of 841 CT scans, consisting of 425 scans in group N1 and 416 scans in group N2. Results:The positioning errors in X, Y, Z and ROLL directions in the N1 group were (1.37 ± 1.04) mm, (1.38 ± 1.12) mm, (1.47 ± 1.62) mm and (1.47 ± 1.62) ° respectively, and they were (1.57 ± 1.21) mm, (2.10 ± 1.51) mm, (1.61 ± 1.50) mm and (1.40 ± 1.30) ° respectively in the N2 group. There was significant difference in positioning errors in the Y direction between N1 and N2 groups ( P = 0.013). In the N1 group, the outward expansion boundaries in X, Y and Z directions was 4.15 mm, 4.23 mm and 4.81 mm respectively, and it was 4.77, 6.31 and 5.08 mm, respectively in the N2 group. In the X direction, there was significant difference in positioning errors taking 3 mm as the dividing point between N1 and N2 groups ( χ2 = 10.516, P < 0.001). In the Y direction, there was significant difference in positioning errors taking 1, 2 and 3 mm as the dividing points between N1 and N2 groups ( χ2 = 24.889, P < 0.001; χ2 = 42.202, P < 0.001; χ2 = 46.204, P < 0.001). In the Z direction, there was significant difference in positioning errors taking 2 mm as the dividing point between N1 and N2 groups ( χ2 = 7.335, P = 0.007). In the N1 group, the percentage of positioning errors < 3 mm in the X, Y and Z directions was 92%, 90% and 92%, respectively. Conclusion:Compared with thermoplastic fixation mask alone, individual head-rest combined with thermoplastic fixation mask can better effectively improve the positioning stability and reduce positioning errors in patients receiving irradiation with helical tomotherapy for head and neck tumors. The combined method is of certain innovation.
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Resumen Introducción: El labio y paladar hendido son malformaciones craneofaciales que se presentan en 1:1000 nacidos vivos en Colombia. Realizar un moldeado nasoalveolar previo a la cirugía favorece el reposicionamiento de los cartílagos nasales deformados y de los procesos alveolares. Objetivo: Dar a conocer a los profesionales la importancia de realizar moldeado nasoalveolar en un paciente con labio y paladar hendido antes de la intervención quirúrgica. Materiales y métodos: En la clínica odontológica de la Universidad del Sinú de Montería (Córdoba, Colombia), se atendió una paciente de 17 días de nacida que presentaba labio y paladar hendido completo unilateral izquierdo severo. Luego de diligenciar la historia clínica odontológica, se realizó placa de órtesis, que se cambió cada 15 días y se hizo el retoque del "tutor" cada 8 días. Resultados: La placa de órtesis permitió un moldeado naso alveolar, con el progreso en la alimentación y mejoras en el contorneado de los tejidos nasales, que mejoró la preparación para la operación de la hendidura a los 8 meses de edad. Conclusiones: La importancia del moldeado nasoalveolar en casos como el presentado, es propiciar mejores condiciones físicas, favoreciendo la ingesta de alimentos y beneficiando la apariencia física.
Abstract Introduction: Cleft lip and palate is a craniofacial birth defect that accounts for 1:1000 live birhts in Colombia. Performing nasoalveolar molding before surgery facilitates the reshaping of deformed nasal cartilage and alveolar processes. Objective: To make professionals aware of the importance of performing nasoalveolar molding in a patient with cleft lip and palate before surgical intervention. Materials and methods: A 17-day-old infant with a full left unilateral cleft lip and palate was treated at the dental clinic of the University of Sinú, Montería (Córdoba, Colombia). Once the dental clinical history was recorded, an orthosis plate was made. The plate was changed every 15 days and the molding appliance was repositioned every 8 days. Results: The orthosis plate promoted nasoalveolar molding, which facilitated feeding and improved the shape of nasal tissues. Consequently, this early intervention improved the preparation for the surgery of the cleft when the child reached 8 months of age. Conclusions: Nasoalveolar molding in patients with full cleft lip and palate is important to promote better physical conditions, which favor food intake and benefit their physical appearance.
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Cleft Lip , Models, Anatomic , Orthotic Devices , Splints , Cleft PalateABSTRACT
Abstract The objectives of pre-surgical orthopedics are to allow surgical repair with minimal tension of the involved tissues and less restriction to the craniofacial growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of nasoalveolar model (NAM) as a pre-operative therapy in a patient with bilateral cleft lip and palate followed by labioplasty and palatoplasty. A 15-day-old patient underwent orthopedic treatment with NAM. After pre-operative treatment, retraction of the pre-maxilla was observed with reduction of the fissure. Due to the successful effects of NAM treatment the patient had a one-step surgery for lip correction. Six months later, due to lip pressure the fissure was further decreased. After six months, the patient underwent palatoplasty. Both surgeries contributed to the remaining closure of the fissure, which were reduced by half compared to the end of pre-operative treatment. The uses of NAM as a pre-operative treatment approached the alveolar segments, centralized the pre-maxilla, decreased the cleft palate resulting in a marked improvement of the arch and provide superior surgical results. In addition, it allows the primary repair of the patient's lip with asymmetric bilateral fissure in only one-step surgery; in consequence, it will reduce treatment morbidity and decrease cost of treatment.
Resumo Os objetivos da ortopedia pré-cirúrgica são permitir a correção cirúrgica com mínima tensão dos tecidos envolvidos e menor restrição ao crescimento craniofacial. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os benefícios do modelo nasoalveolar (NAM) como terapia pré-operatória em um paciente com fissura labiopalatina bilateral seguida de labioplastia e palatoplastia. Um paciente de 15 dias de idade foi submetido a tratamento ortopédico com NAM. Após o tratamento pré-operatório, observou-se retração da pré-maxila com redução da fissura. Devido aos efeitos bem-sucedidos do tratamento com NAM, o paciente realizou a cirurgia em um único tempo cirúrgico para correção dos lábios. Seis meses após verificou-se a continuidade da redução da fissura devido à pressão labial. Após dozes meses, o paciente foi submetido à palatoplastia. Ambas as cirurgias contribuíram para o fechamento remanescente da fissura, que foram reduzidas pela metade em comparação com o final do tratamento pré-operatório. O uso do NAM como tratamento pré-operatório proporcionou a aproximação dos segmentos alveolares, centralização da pré-maxila, diminuição da fissura palatina, resultando em melhora acentuada do arco, resultando em procedimentos cirúrgicos mais eficazes. Além disso, permitiu o reparo primário do lábio do paciente com fissura bilateral assimétrica em apenas uma cirurgia; em conseqüência, reduzindo a morbidade do tratamento e diminuição dos custos do tratamento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Cleft Lip , Cleft Palate , Preoperative Care , Nose , Follow-Up Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Hot melt extrusion (HME) is a novel technique to prepare solid dispersions and granules. During the manufacturing process, the drugs and polymers melt and show the complex rheological properties under the heat and forces of shear and extension. Rheology is a potential tool to guide their formulations, manufacturing process and in-line quality control. In this review, we summarized the basic theories of the molten polymer viscoelasticity with temperature and shear rate, and the time-temperature superposition, the widely used rheometries and their applications in the pharmaceutical polymer thermoplasticity, drug solubility and interactions in the molten polymers, manufacturing parameters and the in-line quality control of hot melt extrusion.
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Objective@#To evaluate the efficacy of articular compression molding techniques in the surgery for acetabular posterior wall fracture.@*Methods@#A retrospective study was conducted of the 28 patients (28 hips) with fracture of acetabular posterior wall plus comminuted compression of articular surface who had been treated using the articular compression molding techniques at Department of Orthopedics, The Hospital of 81 Group Army of PLA from January 2014 to January 2018. They were 25 males and 3 females, aged from 26 to 63 years (average, 49.3 years). The time from injury to surgery ranged from 4 to 12 days (average, 7.8 days). According to the Letournel-Judet classification, all were single element (simple) posterior wall fractures combined with posterior dislocation of the femoral head and articular compression of different degrees; transient sciatic nerve injury was complicated in 12 cases. The posterior hip dislocations were timely and successful reset at emergency treatment. The compression fractures of the posterior wall and hip joint were treated by open reduction and internal fixation via the acetabular posterior (K-L) approach. The articular compression was treated by 4 stabilization techniques: absorbable screwing and blocking technique in 10 cases, indwelling screwing in 12 cases, indwelling Kirschner wiring in 2 cases and die push and squeeze tamping in 4 cases. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding and complications were recorded. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by the modified Merle d’Aubigne & Postel scoring criteria at the final follow-up.@*Results@#The operation time lasted from 76 to 118 minutes (average, 94.2 minutes); the intraoperative bleeding ranged from 100 to 320 mL (average,220.8 mL). No incision liquefaction, infection or other complications occurred. The 28 patients were followed up for 10 to 36 months (average, 17.6 months). According to the Matta scoring criteria, 24 cases achieved anatomical reduction but 4 dissatisfactory reduction. By the modified Merle d’Aubigne & Postel scoring criteria at the final follow-up, the efficacy was evaluated as excellent in 26 cases and as good in 2. Heterotopic ossification was observed in 3 cases and microscopic free dense shadow in the joint cavity (about 2 mm in the round ligament) in 3 cases. There were no cases of obvious traumatic arthritis or osteoarthritis, femoral head necrosis, walking pain, lameness or hip abduction weakness. The 12 patients complicated with preoperative transient sciatic nerve injury recovered within 3 months after surgery.@*Conclusion@#The articular compression molding techniques can effectively treat severely comminuted articular compression in the acetabular posterior wall fracture and improve reduction of articular surface and hip joint matching, leading to stability and good joint function.
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Using three-dimensional printing to produce antibacterial wound dressing is a new topic that will change the production style of wound dressing industry. Combining with post-3D-printed process, a desktop fused deposition molding equipment can be used to produce wound dressing containing polyvinyl alcohol, alginate and chitosan. The wound dressing produced by FDM has good aspects of absorbency, moisture vapour transmission rate and mechanical property. After loaded with antibacterial agent iodine and silver nano particle, the antibacterial activity rate increases to 99% and it is suitable to use as antibacterial wound dressing. This method affects the production of wound dressing to a more cost-effective way, and provides a possible individualized treatment for patient in the future.
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Humans , Alginates , Chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacteria , Bandages , Economics , Reference Standards , Chitosan , Chemistry , Iodine , Pharmacology , Nanoparticles , Polyvinyl Alcohol , Chemistry , Printing, Three-Dimensional , Silver , Pharmacology , Wound HealingABSTRACT
Commonly used dosage forms of fermented Cordyceps powder products are capsules and tablets. The hygroscopicity of the powder,as one of the important parameters in the tableting process,has important effects on the tabletting process of the tablets. How to improve the hygroscopicity of powder is of great significance for the development of new composite particles. Therefore,particle design technology was used in this study to prepare composite particle powder,and its hygroscopicity was compared with fermented Cordyceps powder and physically mixed powder. By preparing three different types of powders,the equilibrium moisture absorption,particle size,scanning electron micrograph,angle of repose,contact angle and compression degree were compared to observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine particle design technology on improving the hygroscopicity of the fermented Cordyceps powder. The results showed that the equilibrium moisture absorption was 21. 2%,19. 6%,14. 5% respectively for the fermented Cordyceps powder,physically mixed powder and composite particle powder; the median diameter was(49. 751± 0. 280),(59. 183± 0. 170),(12. 842±0. 080) μm,respectively; the mode diameter was(185. 479±1. 372),(173. 964± 1. 104),(61. 671± 0. 979) μm,respectively. In the scanning electron micrograph of the composite particle powder,it can be clearly seen that the fermented Cordyceps powder had hydrophobic gas phase nano-silica with a fixed shape and uniform size. The angle of repose was(50. 63 ± 0. 75) °,(49. 25 ± 0. 43) °,(48. 33±0. 84) ° respectively; the contact angle was(7. 4±0. 2) °,(8. 2±0. 3) °,(15. 0±2. 6) ° respectively; and the compression degree was(38. 2±1. 3) %,(35. 8±0. 2) %,(32. 5±2. 6) % respectively. This study showed that after treatment by the vibrating ultrafine pulverizer,the fermented Cordyceps powder particles had obvious and uniform small particle hydrophobic gas phase nano-silica adhered to form a partially wrapped coating structure,which reduced the contact surface of fermented Cordyceps powder with the outside world,thereby reducing the hygroscopicity of the composite particle powder. It further demonstrated that the hygroscopicity of fermented Cordyceps powder can be improved by particle design.
Subject(s)
Cordyceps , Fermentation , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Particle Size , Powders , WettabilityABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of articular compression molding techniques in the surgery for acetabular posterior wall fracture.Methods A retrospective study was conducted of the 28 patients (28 hips) with fracture of acetabular posterior wall plus comminuted compression of articular surface who had been treated using the articular compression molding techniques at Department of Orthopedics,The Hospital of 81 Group Army of PLA from January 2014 to January 2018.They were 25 males and 3 females,aged from 26 to 63 years (average,49.3 years).The time from injury to surgery ranged from 4 to 12 days (average,7.8 days).According to the Letournel-Judet classification,all were single element (simple) posterior wall fractures combined with posterior dislocation of the femoral head and articular compression of different degrees;transient sciatic nerve injury was complicated in 12 cases.The posterior hip dislocations were timely and successful reset at emergency treatment.The compression fractures of the posterior wall and hip joint were treated by open reduction and internal fixation via the acetabular posterior (K-L) approach.The articular compression was treated by 4 stabilization techniques:absorbable screwing and blocking technique in 10 cases,indwelling screwing in 12 cases,indwelling Kirschner wiring in 2 cases and die push and squeeze tamping in 4 cases.The operation time,intraoperative bleeding and complications were recorded.The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by the modified Merle d'Aubigne & Postel scoring criteria at the final follow-up.Results The operation time lasted from 76 to 118 minutes (average,94.2 minutes);the intraoperative bleeding ranged from 100 to 320 mL (average,220.8 mL).No incision liquefaction,infection or other complications occurred.The 28 patients were followed up for 10 to 36 months (average,17.6 months).According to the Matta scoring criteria,24 cases achieved anatomical reduction but 4 dissatisfactory reduction.By the modified Merle d'Aubigne & Postel scoring criteria at the final follow-up,the efficacy was evaluated as excellent in 26 cases and as good in 2.Heterotopic ossification was observed in 3 cases and microscopic free dense shadow in the joint cavity (about 2 mm in the round ligament) in 3 cases.There were no cases of obvious traumatic arthritis or osteoarthritis,femoral head necrosis,walking pain,lameness or hip abduction weakness.The 12 patients complicated with preoperative transient sciatic nerve injury recovered within 3 months after surgery.Conclusion The articular compression molding techniques can effectively treat severely comminuted articular compression in the acetabular posterior wall fracture and improve reduction of articular surface and hip joint matching,leading to stability and good joint function.
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Objective: To study the molding process of modified Zexie plaster. Methods: Sodium polyacrylate was used as the ad-hesive, carbomer as the emulsifier, glycerol as the humectant, and gelatin as the excipient. Orthogonal screening was applied to select the optimum formula and drug loading. Results: The significance order of the influencing factors was sodium polyacrylate > drug load-ing >gelatin >carbomer, and the best preparation process was A2B2C2D2, which was determined as 2. 5% sodium polyacrylate: 3% carbomer: glycerin: 12% gelatin: soluble starch: drug loading of 70: 6: 5: 15: 3: 9 (mass ratio). Conclusion: According to the optimum process route selected by orthogonal test, three batches of samples were tested, and the results showed that the process had good repro-ducibility, which is suitable for the industrial production.
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El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar cualitativamente las regularidades de los conductos radiculares preparados con diferentes técnicas: técnica escalonada de retroceso programado, técnica Oregón modificada por la F.O.B. y técnica rotatoria Protaper. Fueron utilizados 30 conductos radiculares ex vivo de dientes unirradiculares de un único conducto. Los conductos fueron instrumentados de la siguiente manera: G1 (n=10) con la técnica escalonada de retroceso programado, G2 (n=10) con Oregon modificada por la F.O.B y G3 (n=10) con técnica rotatoria Protaper. Una vez acabada la instrumentación el material de impresión fue inyectado en el conducto radicular; después del fraguado del material de impresión los dientes fueron descalcificados para obtener los moldes de los conductos que fueron fotografiados con aumento 20x con microscopio digital Dino Lite plus para analizar la uniformidad de la instrumentación por tercios por las tres diferentes técnicas, clasificándolas en: CBI (conducto bien instrumentado), CRI (conducto regularmente instrumentado), CPI (conducto pobremente instrumentado). Los resultados mostraron predominancia de CBI para la técnica Protaper en los tercios medio y apical; en el tercio cervical para las tres técnicas y el tercio apical para la técnica Oregon modificada, siendo los peores resultados para la técnica escalonada de retroceso programado y Oregon modificada en el tercio medio, tercio apical en la Escalonada de Retroceso Programado. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la efectividad de las técnicas escalonada de retroceso programado, Oregon modificada y Protaper cuando fueron analizados cualitativamente los moldes de los tercios. Concluimos que las técnicas coronoapicales resultaron en una instrumentación más uniforme y de mejor calidad que la técnica escalonada.
The aim of this study was to evaluate qualitatively the regularities of root canalsprepared with different techniques: Step Back Oregon modified by F.O.B andProtaper. Thirty ex vivo root canals of single-rooted teeth with a single root canal wereused. The canals were instrumented as follows: G1 (n=10) Step Back, G2 (n=10)Oregon modified by FOB and G3 (n=10) Protaper tecniques. Once instrumentation finished, impression material was injected into the root canal. After casting of theimpression material, the teeth were decalcified to obtain molds of the root canals thatwere photographed with 20x magnification using a digital Dino Lite plus microscope toanalyze the uniformity of the instrumentation on the thirds using the three techniquesthat were classified into: WIC (well instrumented canal), RIC (regularly instrumentedcanal) and PIC (poorly instrumented canal). The results shown predominance of WICfor the Protaper technique in the middle and apical thirds, in the apical third for thethree techniques and the apical third for the modified Oregon technique, being theworst results for the Step Back and Oregon techniques in the middle third, and for theStep Back in the apical third. There were no statistically significant differences in theeffectiveness of the Step Back, modified Oregon and Protaper techniques when thethirds molds were analyzed qualitatively. We conclude that the crown-apicaltechniques resulted in more uniform and better quality instrumentation than the StepBack technique.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Pulp Cavity , OregonABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate whether the identification of acrylonitrile, an occupational hazard factor for the industry of injection molding and plastic products, reported in literature is reasonable, and to put forward some recommendations.@*Methods@#Professional articles published from 1990 to 2016 were searched, and an analysis was performed for the data on the determination of acrylonitrile in the industry of injection molding and plastic products from 2003 to 2016 in Longhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenzhen.@*Results@#According to the literature, the detection rate of acrylonitrile was 10.7%, and the detection results did not exceed the limit.@*Conclusion@#At present, acrylonitrile may not be used as a routine test item for the industry of injection molding and plastic products, in order to save manpower and material resources.
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Objective:To determine the optimal molding technology of Forsythia Suspense leaves healthy instant tea. Methods:The effects of the ratio of different excipients to dry extract powder and the concentration of wetting agent on the indices including dis-solubility, appearance and formability were investigated by single factor tests. The drying time was determined with moisture as the in-dex, and the final forming process was optimized. Results:The optimal molding progress was as follows:the ratio of dry extract powder to lactose was 1 :1. 5, and after mixed completely, 80% ethanol was used as the wetting agent to prepare wet granules, finally dried at 60℃ for 1. 5 h. Conclusion:The molding technology of Forsythia suspense leaves healthy instant tea is feasible, which can provide ref-erence for the comprehensive development and utilization of Forsythia Suspense leaves.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To determine the optimal molding technology of Forsythia Suspense leaves healthy instant tea. Methods:The effects of the ratio of different excipients to dry extract powder and the concentration of wetting agent on the indices including dis-solubility, appearance and formability were investigated by single factor tests. The drying time was determined with moisture as the in-dex, and the final forming process was optimized. Results:The optimal molding progress was as follows:the ratio of dry extract powder to lactose was 1 :1. 5, and after mixed completely, 80% ethanol was used as the wetting agent to prepare wet granules, finally dried at 60℃ for 1. 5 h. Conclusion:The molding technology of Forsythia suspense leaves healthy instant tea is feasible, which can provide ref-erence for the comprehensive development and utilization of Forsythia Suspense leaves.
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the short-term efficacy of ear molding in the treatment of congenital auricular deformation. METHODS Twenty-four infants(twenty-eight ears) were treated with ear molding devices(EarWell Infant Ear Correction System). Doctors and parents were surveyed 1 months after treatment. RESULTS All cases were treated successfully without severe complications. 25 ears(89％) and 26(92％) were rated as very satisfied or satisfied by doctors and parents, respectively. CONCLUSION Ear molding is a noninvasive treatment, and effectively corrects congenital auricular deformation.