ABSTRACT
Airway remodeling is one of the main pathological features of bronchial asthma.Airway remodeling may lead to increased airway hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary function decline in asthmatic patients.Some studies suggest that airway epithelial cells may play an important role in the development of airway remodeling in asthma, and they can differentiate into mesenchymal cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition.This article reviews the signaling pathways involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, such as TGF-β 1 signaling pathways, Wnt/β-catanin signaling pathway and sonic hedgehog signaling pathway, to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms in airway remodeling in asthma.It provides a new perspective for the study of the pathogenesis of asthma and the development of new, effective and safe targeted therapy.
ABSTRACT
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are members of RNA that are structurally similar to mRNA. They cannot encode proteins because they do not have a conserved open reading frame. LncRNAs were once regarded as abnormalities or noises or without any biological function after gene transcription. With the further development of research, it has been found that it can participate in normal or abnormal biological processes as an important regulator. LncRNAs are closely related to the development of nervous system function, metabolic disorders and tumors. LncRNAs abnormally expressed in cervical cancer participate in the regulation of various biological processes of cervical cancer by inhibiting or promoting tumors. This article reviews the recent reports on the abnormal regulation, molecular regulation mechanism and potential clinical application of lncRNAs in cervical cancer.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , RNA, Long Noncoding , RNA, Messenger , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , GeneticsABSTRACT
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway.Repeated inflammatory injury and tissue repair can lead to airway remodeling.The airway epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) plays an important role in airway remodeling of asthma.Various cytokines and signaling pathways,such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β),nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4),are involved in the molecular regulation of EMT.
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of modern life sciences, tens of thousands of noncoding RNAs have been discovered, their biological roles have been revealed.Non-coding RNA, as a research hotspot in the field of molecular biology, has been shown to regulate the development and progression of tumors.This paper mainly describes the current research of several non-coding RNA(miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, tRF)in the regulation of tumor and its application in the precision medicine era.
ABSTRACT
As one of the self-protection mechanism, autophagy widely exists in eukaryotic cells. It plays an important role in maintaining cells survival, update, material recycling, and tissue homeostasis. A series of researches discovered that autophagy played dual function in fibrotic diseases. The induction of autophagy can promote the degradation of collagen on one hand, on the other hand, the regulation of autophagy through microRNA, transforming growth factor β, and other factors can promote the occurrence of fibrosis. In wound healing, autophagy may participate in the pathophysiological processes of inflammation, reepithlialization, and wound remodeling. The regulation of cell autophagy may become an effective way and the new target for treatment of wound and pathological scar.
ABSTRACT
Marrow stromal cells ( MSCs) , component of the mar-row stroma, play an important role in the growth of bone and metabolic balance. This paper mainly summarizes and reviews the molecular regulaory effects of vitamin D and its active form 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3] on the osteogenet-ic differentiation of MSCs by Wnt signaling pathway, Wnt5a/ROR2 axis, BMP/TGF-β/Samd signaling pathway and ROS/ERK signaling pathway, so as to clarify the molecular signaling pathway through which vitamin D regulates MSCs metabolically.
ABSTRACT
On the surfaces of plants, there are many small protrusions of epidermal origin-trichomes. Trichomes are normally divided into two general categories: non-glandular and glandular. Glandular trichomes, an important secretory tissue in plant, can synthesize a variety of secondary metabolites specially. In recent years, with the deepening of research on medicinal plants, the importance of glandular trichomes research has been increasing prominent significance. A variety of medicinal ingredients were synthesized, modificated, and storaged in glandular trichomes. The growth situation of glandular trichomes can directly affect the quality of medicinal materials. Here we provide an update on the methods and technologies which have been used to investigate glandular trichomes. In additon, we also review the literature on the structure, biochemistry, and gene regulatory of glandular trichomes.
ABSTRACT
Hair color is affected not only by genetic, age, and environmental factors, but also by the regulation of many cytokines and proteins. The generation of melanin is mainly regulated by POMC, α-MSH, MC1R, MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, ASIP, etc. Hair color anomaly is often considered to be a feature of aging which brings great psychological pressure to the people, but the treartment by relevant drugs is still blank. This article summarizes the effect target and the function ways of those natural medicines with great efficacy on the treatment of hair graying. This review may provide some theoretical basis for the application of natural medicines in the treatment of hair graying.
ABSTRACT
Cellular FADD-like interleukin-1-? converting enzyme inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a kind of inhibitory protein of caspase with the death effector domain (DED), naturally existing in many species such as virus, eukaryote and mammal inclusively. Recently, it has been discovered that c-FLIP participates the regulation of apoptosis. Overexpression of c-FLIP may inhibits the apoptosis induced by the death receptor of Fas and TRAIL-R. With the development on the mechanism of action and molecular regulation of c-FLIP, its multi-biology function has been found, and also it is associated with the nosogenesis and progression of many diseases.
ABSTRACT
The overall architectural pattern of the mature plant is established during embryogenesis. Very little is known about the molecular processes that underlie embryo morphogenesis. Last decade has, nevertheless, seen a burst of information on the subject. The synchronous somatic embryogenesis system of carrot is largely being used as the experimental system. Information on the molecular regulation of embryogenesis obtained with carrot somatic embryos as well as observations on sandalwood embryogenic system developed in our laboratory are summarized in this review. The basic experimental strategy of molecular analysis mostly relied on a comparison between genes and proteins being expressed in embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells as well as in the different stages of embryogenesis. Events such as expression of totipotency of cells and establishment of polarity which are so critical for embryo development have been characterized using the strategy. Several genes have been identified and cloned from the carrot system. These include sequences that encode certain extracellular proteins (EPs) that influence cell proliferation and embryogenesis in specific ways and sequences of the abscisic acid (ABA) inducible late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins which are most abundant and differentially expressed mRNAs in somatic embryos. That LEAs are expressed in the somatic embryos of a tree flora also is evidenced from studies on sandalwood. Several undescribed or novel sequences that are enhanced in embryos were identified. A sequence of this nature exists in sandalwood embryos was demonstrated using a Cuscuta haustorial (organspecific) cDNA probe. Somatic embryogenesis systems have been used to assess the expression of genes isolated from non-embryogenic tissues. Particular attention has been focused on both cell cycle and histone genes.