Correlação Inexistente entre o Ciclo Lunar no Trabalho de Parto e Ruptura Prematura de Membranas em uma Amostra de Parturientes do Sul de Santa Catarina / No Correlation between the Lunar Cycle in Labor and Premature Rupture of Membranes in a Sample of Parturients from Southern Santa Catarina

Introdução: De acordo com as culturas mais antigas, a luz da lua é responsável pela fertilidade da terra e concepção dos animais, estendendo esse entendimento ao organismo materno. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a ocorrência de trabalho de parto e ruptura prematura de membranas ovulares nas diferentes fases da lua e em suas mudanças. Métodos: Amostra composta por gestantes admitidas em um hospital do sul de Santa Catarina por trabalho de parto ou ruptura prematura de membranas ovulares, no ano de 2018, baseado em informações obtidas pela análise de prontuários. Resultados: Houve discreto aumento do número de partos na lua nova (19,2%) e mudança para lua nova (11,7%), porém sem significância estatística. Motivo de internação, via de parto e paridade não estiveram associados à lua e suas mudanças de fase. Não se observou relação entre meses do ano e motivo de internação. Conclusão: Verificou-se que a lua e suas mudanças de fase não denotaram um maior número de admissões hospitalares por trabalho de parto ou ruptura prematura de membranas ovulares, contrariando a crença popular.

Introduction: According to ancient cultures, the moonlight is responsible for the fertility of the earth and the conception of animals, extending this understanding to the maternal organism. This study aimed to analyze the occurrence of labor and premature rupture of ovular membranes in different phases of the moon and its changes. Methods: The sample was composed of pregnant women admitted to a hospital in southern Santa Catarina for labor or premature rupture of ovular membranes in 2018, based on information obtained by analyzing medical records. Results: There was a slight increase in the number of deliveries during the new moon (19.2%) and a change to the new moon (11.7%) but without statistical significance. Reason for hospitalization, mode of delivery, and parity were not associated with the moon and its phase changes. No relationship was observed between the months of the year and the reason for hospitalization. Conclusion: It was verified that the moon and its phase changes did not denote a higher number of hospital admissions for labor or premature rupture of ovular membranes, contrary to popular belief.

Retinitis pigmentosa in Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome in India: Electronic medical records driven big data analytics: Report II

Purpose: To describe the clinical presentation and demographic distribution of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in Laurence–Moon–Bardet–Biedl (LMBB) syndrome patients. Methods: This is a cross?sectional observational hospital?based study wherein 244 patients with RP in LMBB syndrome presenting to our hospital network between March 2012 and October 2020 were included. An electronic medical record database was used for data retrieval. Results: There were 244 patients in total, with a hospital?based prevalence rate of 0.010% or 1000/100,000 population. The mean and median age of patients was 15.22 ± 7.56 and 14 (IQR: 10–18.5) years, respectively, with the majority being in the age group of 11–20 years (133/244 patients; 54.50%). Males were more commonly affected (164 patients; 67.21%), and the majority (182 patients; 74.59%) were students. All 244 patients (100%) complained of defective central vision at presentation. More than one?fourth of the patients had severe visual impairment to blindness at presentation. Prominent retinal feature at presentation was diffuse or widespread retinal pigment epithelial degeneration in all patients. Conclusion: Patients with RP in LMBB syndrome present mainly in the first to second decade of life with severe visual acuity impairment to blindness early in life. It is important to rule out LMBB syndrome in early?onset RP with central visual acuity impairment. On the contrary, all patients diagnosed or suspected with LMBB syndrome systemic features at physician clinic should also be referred for ophthalmic evaluation, low vision assessment, rehabilitation, and vice versa

Avaliação da influência do ciclo lunar e da sazonalidade na prematuridade e na rotura prematura de membranas / Evaluate the influence of the lunar cycle and seasonality on the occurrence of premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor

O ciclo lunar sempre foi alvo de crenças populares, principalmente relacionado a ocorrência de maior número de nascimentos durante a fase de lua cheia. Influências externas como baixa pressão atmosférica estão ligadas à rotura de membrana corioamniótica e parece existir um mecanismo biológico para o desencadeamento do trabalho de parto prematuro. Este estudo tem como objetivo estudar a influência do ciclo lunar e da sazonalidade na ocorrência de rotura prematura de membranas e de trabalho de parto prematuro. Realizado um estudo transversal envolvendo dados do livro de partos de uma maternidade localizada no sul do Brasil por um período de 4 anos, totalizando 13.291 nascimentos. Utilizados dois sites, um para estimativa do ciclo lunar à época do nascimento e outro para determinar o dia da semana. Um banco de dados foi criado e exportado para o SPSS18.0 onde foi analisado. Utilizada a análise de Poisson. As variáveis que apresentaram p < 0,25 foram incluídas em uma análise multivariada para observar a independência das associações. A significância estatística estabelecida foi p < 0,05. Houveram maior prevalência de nascimentos durante a fase de lua crescente, meses de novembro e junho, estação de verão e terças-feiras. Encontrada associação estatisticamente significativa entre rotura prematura de membranas, mês de outubro e sexta-feira. Não encontrou-se associação entre a fase do ciclo lunar com rotura prematura de membranas e prematuridade, assim como, fatores sazonais e prematuridade. Observou-se menor prevalência de rotura prematura de membranas no mês de outubro e na sexta feira.

The lunar cycle has always been the target of popular beliefs, mainly related to the occurrence of more births during the full moon phase. External influences such as low atmospheric pressure are associated with rupture of the chorioamniotic membrane and there seems to be a biological mechanism for the onset of preterm labor. This study aims to study the influence of the lunar cycle and seasonality on the occurrence of premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving data from the birth book of a maternity unit located in the south of Brazil for a period of 4 years, totaling 13,291 births. Two sites were used, one to estimate the lunar cycle at the time of birth and another to determine the day of the week. A database was created and exported to SPSS18.0 where it was parsed. Poisson analysis was used. The variables that presented p <0.25 were included in a multivariate analysis to observe the independence of the associations. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. There was a higher prevalence of births during the growing moon phase, months of November and June, summer season and Tuesday. We found a statistically significant association between premature rupture of membranes, from October to Friday. There was no association between the lunar cycle phase with premature rupture of membranes and prematurity, as well as seasonal factors and prematurity. It was observed a lower prevalence of premature rupture of membranes in the month of October and on Friday.

Moon and Mood: The MoMo Effect

Background: This is a comparative analysis of gender differences and effects of phases of moon onAggression and Sexuality. The phases of the moon included are New Moon, Full Moon, a week later ofFull Moon and New Moon respectively, and Lunar Eclipse & Solar Eclipse.Methodology: Statistical Analysis like t-test and correlation were used to understand the significance of thedifference and the nature of the relationship between aggression and sexuality during various phases ofmoon.Results: The calculated t-value is 1.671, after referring to the critical values of t, the results were found to besignificant at 0.05 for aggression in men on full moon and new moon, The calculated t-value is 1.671, afterreferring to the critical values of t, the results were found to be significant at 0.05 for aggression in womenon full moon and new moon, The calculated t-value is 1.671, after referring to the critical values of t, theresults were found to be significant at 0.05 sexuality in men on full moon and new moon. The calculated tvalue is 1.671, after referring to the critical values of t, the results were found to be significant at 0.05 forsexuality in women on full moon and new moon. Remaining results (non-significant) are discussed in detailin the results section.Conclusion: Results of the study can be applied in various settings namely schools, colleges, offices, hospitalsettings, Mental Health Professional Settings for the Mental Health Professionals to create awareness

Influência do ciclo lunar na frequência de admissões hospitalares na maternidade: estudo retrospectivo / Influencia del ciclo lunar en la frecuencia de admisiones hospitalarias en la maternidad: estudio retrospectivo / Influence of the lunar cycle on the frequency of maternity hospital admissions: a retrospective study

Objetivo analisar se a frequência de admissões hospitalares na maternidade sofre influência do ciclo lunar. Método estudo analítico, documental, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido em uma maternidade no Sul do Brasil, no período de julho de 2013 a julho de 2014. A amostra foi composta por 845 prontuários de parturientes. A análise dos dados foi do tipo descritiva e utilizou-se teste exato de Fischer e Qui-Quadrado. Resultados aproximadamente 84% (n=709) das mulheres não foram admitidas na maternidade cenário do estudo durante os dias de mudança de Lua e não houve diferença significativa entre o número de admissões em cada fase lunar, determinando (p=0,1116). Conclusão evidenciou-se que as mudanças de fase da Lua não foram fatores determinantes para o aumento da demanda de cuidados obstétricos e admissão hospitalar na instituição cenário deste estudo.

Objetivo analizar si la frecuencia de admisiones hospitalarias en la maternidad recibe influencia del ciclo lunar. Método estudio analítico, documental, retrospectivo, con abordaje cuantitativo, desarrollado en una maternidad del Sur de Brasil, entre julio de 2013 y julio de 2014. Muestra integrada por 845 historias clínicas de parturientas. Datos estudiados por análisis descriptivo; se utilizó test exacto de Fischer y Chi-cuadrado. Resultados aproximadamente el 84% (n=709) de las mujeres no fueron admitidas en la maternidad sede del estudio durante los días de cambio de luna, y no hubo diferencia significativa entre el número de admisiones en cada fase lunar, determinando (p=0,1116). Conclusión se evidenció que los cambios de fase lunar no constituyeron factores determinantes para incremento de la demanda de cuidados obstétricos y admisión hospitalaria en la institución sede del estudio.

Objective to analyze whether the frequency of maternity hospitals admissions is influenced by the lunar cycle. Method an analytical, documentary, and retrospective study with a quantitative approach was carried out in a maternity hospital in the South of Brazil from July 2013 to July 2014. The sample was made up of 845 medical records of pregnant women. A descriptive data analysis was carried out with the use of the Fisher's exact test and chi-square test. Results approximately 84% (n=709) of the pregnant women were not admitted to the maternity hospital setting of the present study during the days of lunar change and no significant difference in the number of admissions in each lunar phase was found, determining p=0.1116. Conclusion it was evidenced that lunar phase changes were not determining factors for the increase in the demand of obstetric care and hospital admission in the institution setting of the present study.

Rare Case Report - Brothers of Laurence Moon Biedl Syndrome with Guillain - Barre Syndrome.

Laurence Moon Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by obesity, hypogonadism, mental retardation, polydactyly, and retinitis pigmentosa. Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) or acute inflammatory demyelinating poly radiculo neuropathy (AIDP) is considered to be an immunological disorder with an acute and often fulminant evolution characterised by a syndrome of rapidly progressive flaccid paralysis, aflexia and albumino-cytological dissociation in the CSF. We are here with presenting case report of brothers with Laurence Moon Biedl syndrome (LBS) who presented with GBS simultaneously.

Arapidly progressing, deadly disease of Actias selene (Indianmoonmoth) larvae associated with a mixed bacterial and baculoviral infection.

The outbreak of an infectious disease in captive-bred Lepidoptera can cause death of all the caterpillars within days. A mixed baculoviral–bacterial infection observed among Actias selene (Hübner 1807), the Indian moon moth (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), larvae was characterized and followed by a photographic documentation of the disease progression. The etiological agents were determined using mass spectrometry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It appeared that the disease was caused by a mixed infection of larvae with a baculovirus and Morganella morganii. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the virus and microbiological description of the pathogenic bacterium are presented.

The three-step estimation of moon tidal flow Naja-Law / 国际中医中药杂志

Moon tidal flow Naja-Law is a calculating method for choosing acupoint according to time, is a model of chronotherapeutics of TCM. But because the Najia method of calculation is complex, the clinical application is limited. The author based on years of teaching experience, summed up the calculation procedure of three steps: the first step, calculating the heavenly stems, determining the relationship between duty in accordance with the heavenly stems and the meridians; the second step, according to the rules of acupoints, deducing five transporting points; the third step, calculating the acupoint hour.

Emergency Neuroendoscopic Management of Third Ventricular Neurocysticercosis Cyst Presented with Bruns Syndrome : Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature

Neurocysticercosis is the commonest parasitic disease of the human central nervous system. The incidence of intra ventricular form of neurocysticercosis (NCC) is less common accounting 10-20% that of total central nerve system cysticercosis. Intra ventricular NCC is complicated due, to its high incidence of acute hydrocephalus caused by ball valve mechanism. The only reliable tool for diagnosis of NCC is by neuroimaging with CT or MRI. MRI preferred over CT because of its high specificity and sensitivity. In emergency situations like acute hydrocephalus one can proceed with emergency endoscopic surgery. Through the endoscopic view, intra ventricular NCC (IVNCC) has distinguished morphological features like the full moon sign. This feature not only helps in identification of IVNCC, but also guides in further endoscopic treatment strategy. Authors report two cases of 3rd ventricular NCC with acute hydrocephalus managed with emergency endoscopy. Authors have discussed the clinical features, intra operative endoscopic findings and role of endoscopy in emergency surgery for NCC with acute hydrocephalus.

Influencia barométrica lunar en la ruptura prematura de membranas en parturientas del Hospital Materno-Infantil Germán Urquídi / Influence lunar barometric premature rupture of membranes in parturients women of Hospital MaternoInfantil Germán Urquidi

Objetivos: analizar la relación existente entre la influencia barométrica lunar y la ruptura prematura de membranas en parturientas del Hospital Materno-infantil German Urquidi de la provincia Cercado del Departamento de Cochabamba, Bolivia. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, correlacional de corte transversal en 964 registros de pacientes obstétricas, a través de una tabla de levantamiento de datos elaborado en base a objetivos, para registrar los datos requeridos considerando una seguridad del 95%, con una precisión d=0,049%. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el Software PASS2008. Resultados: observamos que el 31% de las RPM ocurren durante el cuarto menguante y el 29% en la fase de Luna Nueva; el 29% de los nacimientos (por cualquiera de las vías) se realizaron en el cuarto menguante, el 22% en Cuarto Creciente, 32% en la fase lunar de Luna Nueva y el 17% en Luna llena. Conclusiones: no existe una relación entre la influencia barométrica lunar y la ruptura prematura de membranas.

Objectives: analyze the characteristics and outcomes of percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of fractures or spinal injuries, transmit our experience of the advantages of this technique and its applications in surgery. Methods: we performed a study of observational and cross-sectional, in 18 patients, 10 were female, of which 8 were for osteoporotic fractures, trauma and 2, and 8 male patients of which 6 were for trauma, and only two consequence of osteoporosis. Results: according to the study and monitoring of the cases it was found that the technique of vertebroplasty with hydroxyapatite promotes the development and treatment of patients with vertebral fracture, reducing their symptoms and ensuring the stability of the patient. Conclusions: the technique of vertebroplasty with hydroxyapatite is an important contribution to vertebral fracture cases in which they quickly resolved indication, hydroxyapatite is a natural phosphate bone tissue which ensures in many cases bone reformation facilitating patient outcomes.

INFLUENCIA DE LA FASE LUNAR EN LAS TASAS DE CAPTURA DE Selar crumenophthalmus (CARANGIDAE) EN EL CARIBE DE COLOMBIA. UNA APROXIMACIÓN POR MODELOS LINEALES GENERALIZADOS / Moon Phase Influence on Catch Rates of Selar crumenophthalmus (Carangidae) in the Caribbean Sea off Colombia. A Generalized Linear Models Approach

Las tasas de captura de Selar crumenophthalmus provenientes de los desembarcos registrados en el norte del mar Caribe de Colombia fueron analizadas y estandarizadas mediante Modelos Lineales Generalizados (MLG). Se utilizó información colectada entre 1994 y 2001. Los factores que se utilizaron como predictores lineales fueron: año, mes, código lunar, sector geográfico, y estrato de profundidad. Las mayores tasas de captura fueron detectadas durante los dos días de luna nueva máxima en el sector del Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona, lo cual indica que la mayor disponibilidad del recurso, dado su hábito nocturno y fototaxis positiva, está muy localizada en el tiempo. Esta condición ha de incorporarse en los esquemas de ordenamiento, una vez que facilita la implementación de mecanismos de control pesquero. Se registró una disminución de la tasa de captura en los últimos dos años del periodo examinado, tendencia que sugiere el deterioro de la abundancia poblacional de este recurso, hasta ahora considerado fuera de riesgo de sobreexplotación. En pesquerías multiespecíficas, explicar la abundancia poblacional con tasas de captura estimadas incluyendo solo datos de lances que registren la especie analizada, puede derivar en una conclusión conceptual y cuantitativamente incorrecta.

Catch rates of Selar crumenophthalmus in the landings belonging from the north of the Caribbean Sea off Colombia were analyzed and standardized with Generalized Lineal Models (GLM). Information collected between 1994 and 2001 was used. The factors used as lineal predictors were: year, month, Moon phases, geographic sector, and depth. The highest catch rates were detected during the two days 100% New Moon in the Tayrona National Natural Park, which indicates that the availability of the resource, because its nocturne habit and positive phototaxis, is located in the time. This condition should be incorporates in management schemes, since facilitates the implementation of fishing control strategies. A diminution of the catch rate was registered in the last two years; tendency that suggests the deterioration of the population abundance of this species, until now considered without over-exploitation risk. In multispecies fishing grounds, explanation of the population abundance with catch rates estimated with only data of hauls that recorded the analyzed species can derive in a conceptual and quantitatively incorrect conclusion.

Influência do ciclo lunar no parto: mito ou constatação científica?: [revisão] / Influencia del ciclo lunar en el parto: mito o constatación científica?: [revision] / Influences of lunar cycle in labor: myth or scientific finding?: [review]

Muitas superstições são encontradas em nossas vidas. Na medicina, uma profissão que se orgulha em métodos baseados em evidências para tratamentos, isso não é uma exceção. Uma superstição que abrange o parto é a influência de determinadas fases do ciclo da lua, mais especificamente a lua cheia. Embora estudos tenham demonstrado que o aumento de partos está relacionado com o ciclo lunar, existe discordância sobre quando ocorre o pico do volume de partos em cada fase da lua. Frente à divergência de resultados existentes na literatura que relaciona os eventos do ciclo lunar com parto, o objetivo desta revisão foi realizar um levantamento bibliográfico na tentativa de esclarecer esta cultura popular com base nos resultados apresentados por diferentes autores.

Superstitions are found everywhere in our lives, and medicine, a profession that is prides itself on an evidence-based approach to treatment, is not exempt. A superstition that pervades the labor and delivery floor is that it is busier during certain phases of the lunar cycle, specifically the full moon. Although some studies have demonstrated an increase in deliveries that are related to the lunar cycle, there has been disagreement about when, in the lunar cycle, the peak volume occurs. Front to the divergence of the existent results in the literature to relate the events of the lunar cycle with deliveries, the aim of this review was to accomplish the literature in the attempt of explaining this popular culture with base in the results presented by different researchers.

Se encuentran las supersticiones por todas partes en nuestras vidas, y la medicina, una profesión que tiene orgullo acerca de los tratamientos con base en evidencia, no está extinta. La influencia de ciertas fases del ciclo lunar, específicamente la luna llena, es una superstición sobre el parto. Aunque algunos estudios han demostrado un aumento en los partos que se relacionan al ciclo lunar, ha habido discordancia sobre cuando, en el ciclo lunar, el volumen máximo ocurre. Afronte a la divergencia de los resultados existentes en la literatura que relacionan los eventos del ciclo lunar con los partos, el objetivo de esta revisión era explorar la literatura en el esfuerzo de explicar esta cultura popular con la base en los resultados presentado por los diferentes investigadores.

Evidencia sistemática vs. creencias o conocimiento popular: el caso de la Luna y la patología psiquiátrica / Systematic evidence vs. beliefs or popular knowledge: the case of the moon and psychiatric pathology

Introducción: Es de importancia considerar la jerarquía en la fortaleza de los hallazgos desde el punto de vista de la medicina basada en la evidencia. Este reconocimiento no debe dejar de lado los elementos que se encuentran en la parte inferior de la escala. Método: Para ilustrar la relevancia de todos los hallazgos encontrados sobre el tema se presenta un caso, a modo de ejemplo. Además, se expone la influencia que ejerce la Luna en la patología psiquiátrica y la complejidad metodológica que implica su estudio. Discusión y conclusiones: Se examinaron las dificultades metodológicas que pueden presentarse a la hora de realizar estudios y la forma como éstas pueden afectar los hallazgos. Se observó que éstos no implican un conocimiento absoluto ni incontrovertible y se proponen diseños para el estudio de la influencia lunar en las manifestaciones psicopatológicas...

Introduction: It is important to consider the hierarchy that classifies the strength of evidence sources from the Evidence-Based Medicine point of view. This recognition should not put aside elements from the lower part of this scale. Method: In order to illustrate the proposed relevancy of all evidence levels, an example is used. The evidence that has been gathered on the subject of the Moon’s influence on psychiatric pathology and the methodological difficulties that this topic implies are noted. Discussion and Conclusion: The methodological difficulties that can present themselves during the process of research and the way in which they can affect the evidence obtained are discussed. In turn, the evidence obtained should not be considered as absolute and incontrovertible knowledge. Additionally, possible designs for research on lunar influence on psychopathologic manifestations are suggested...

Diurnal variation, moon phase and seasonal variation in onset of stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo determine the diurnal variation,moon phase,and seasonal variation in the onset of stroke. MethodsThe time parameters,including the time,the moon phase and the season of the stroke occurrence for 905 in-patients from 1989-2001 were investigated.ResultsThere was a significant difference (D=0.155,P<0.01) for circadian rhythm in the onset of 321 cases with cerebral infarction,and the incidence frequency at dawn was much higher than that at other time,but the difference of the moon phase and seasonal rhythm in the onset of cerebral infarction were not significant(P>0.05).There were not diurnal variation,moon phase and seasonal rhythms in the onset for cerebral haemorrhage(P>0.05).ConclusionsThe cerebral infarction occur more frequently at dawn time.

A Case of Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by obesity, hypogenitalism, polydactyly, mental retardation and retinitis pigmentosa. Occasionally, this syndrome is accompanied by renal anomaly, nystagmus, cataract, syndactyly, microcephaly, oxycephaly and congenital heart disease. Recently, we have experienced a 8-year-old female patient who has retinitis pigmentosa, obesity, and polydactyly. We report a case of Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome with a review of literature.

The meta-analysis of Laurance-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome / 中国实用内科杂志

Objective To deepen the clinicians' impression on the Laurance-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome(LMBBS),we made a summary in the incidence and clinical manifestations of the disease in China comparing with foreigners.Methods We made evidence-based meta-analysis about the 2 cases reports in 1987 and 2003 in our hospital and literature review of 462 cases in foreign countries and 94 cases in China.Results LMBBS patients,with more frequency of consanguinity and family history,retinal dystrophy,mental retardation,obesity,polydactyly,hypogenitalism,often had many complicated and variable clinical manifestations.Conclusion To avoid intrafamiliy marriage would reduce the incidence rate.The diagnostic criteria and ascertainment methods introduced recently do benefit the early diagnosis in their childhood period.

Comparison of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic Diagnoses and Histologic Diagnoses in 256 Breast Lesions / 대한세포병리학회지

PURPOSE: Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN) accompanied by nephrotic syndrome(NS) is known to have a poor prognosis and effective treatment is still controversial, even though both corticosteroids and immunosuppresant have been used for therapy. Cyclosporine A(CsA) is a well known immunosuppresant and widely used in renal transplantation and glomerular diseases especially steroid resistant. The aims of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of CsA and to compare CsA with previously reported our data of rifampin(RFP) and azathioprine(AZA) in children with HSPN accompanied by NS. METHODS: 37 HSPN patients with NS confirmed by renal biopsy were selected. Of these, 17 patients were treated with CsA(5 mg/kg/day) for 6-8 months, 7 children were treated with RFP(10-20 mg/kg/day) for 9-12 months and 13 patients were treated with AZA(2 mg/kg/day) for 8 months. Along with these regimens, low dose oral prednisolone(0.5-1 mg/kg, qod) was also used. Sequential renal biopsy was done in all patients 1 month after termination of treatment. RESULTS: Complete remission rate of nephrotic syndrome was 5S.8% in CsA, 57.1% in RFP and 38.4% in AZA group after 17, 22, 11 months of mean follow-up period. Overall remission rate including partial remission was 88.2% in CsA, 85.7% in RFP and 84.6% in AZA group. Disappearance rate of hematuria was 58.8% in CsA, 57.1% in RFP and 46.2% in AZA group. Improvement of grade of clinical status was observed in 17 out of 17 CsA, 7 out of 7 RFP and 10 out of 13 AZA group. Improvement of pathologic class on sequencial renal biopsy was shown in 5 CsA(29.4%), none RFP(0%) and 2 AZA group(12.4%). Improvement on histologic immune-deposition was seen in 15 CsA(88.2%), 6 RFP(85.9%) and 4 AZA group(30.8%). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Both CsA and RFP treated groups showed better result in complete remission rate of nephrotic syndrome and significant inprovement of histologic immune-deposition compared with AZA treated group(p=0.004). So, we recommend CsA and RFP rather than AZA for immunosuppresant treatment in HSPN with nephrotic syndrome.

A Case of Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome

Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome is a rare and autosomal recessive disorder characterized by obesity, hypogenitalism, polydactylism, mental retardation and retinitis pigmentosa. Occasionally, this syndrome is accompanied by nystagmus, cataract, syndactylism, microcephaly, oxycephaly and congenital heart diseases. Recently, the authors have experienced a 20-year-old male patient who has retinitis pigmentosa, pendular nystagmus, obesity, hypogenitalism, polydactylism, mental retardation and gynecomastia. We report a case of Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome with the review of literature.

A Case of Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome

Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome is a rare and autosomal recessive disorder characterized by obesity, hypogenitalism, polydactylism, mental retardation and retinitis pigmentosa. Occasionally, this syndrome is accompanied by nystagmus, cataract, syndactylism, microcephaly, oxycephaly and congenital heart diseases. Recently, the authors have experienced a 20-year-old male patient who has retinitis pigmentosa, pendular nystagmus, obesity, hypogenitalism, polydactylism, mental retardation and gynecomastia. We report a case of Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome with the review of literature.

The Laurence-Moon-Biedl Syndrome in a Family

Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome is a rare inherited disorder and its common findings include pigmentary retinal degeneration, obesity, hypogonadism, mental retardation and digital anomaly. Recently, the authors experienced two cases of Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome in a family of 15 year-old male and 17 year-old female. In our cases, the male patient showed syndactyly and polydactyly, chorioretinal degeneration, hypogonadism and female patient showed polydactyly, chorioretinal degeneration, hypogonadism, obesity and mental retardation.