ABSTRACT
Buscou-se investigar a associação de tendências à ação frente a violações morais com códigos de ética e o nível de proximidade com o transgressor. Participaram 200 universitários (70% mulheres, idade M = 23 anos; DP = 6,62). Eles responderam questões sociodemográficas, a Escala de Comunidade, Autonomia e Divindade e a Lista de Tendências à Ação frente a Violações Morais. Análises mistas de variância sugeriram um efeito principal da ética, com a autonomia apresentando maiores escores; um efeito principal das violações, com transgressões de autonomia apresentando maiores escores; e um efeito principal do nível de proximidade com o transgressor, com maiores escores observados com desconhecidos. Uma interação foi observada da tendência à ação com o nível de proximidade, onde os participantes evitaram mais os amigos e puniram mais os desconhecidos. Pesquisas futuras sugerem a proximidade com o transgressor como uma variável relevante.
We sought to investigate the association among action tendencies in the face of moral violations with moral codes and the identity of the offender. Taking part were 200 university students (70% women, Mean age = 23 years, SD = 6.62). They answered sociodemographic questions, the Community, Autonomy and Divinity Scale, the Action Tendencies List towards Moral Violations. Mixed analyzes of variance suggested a main effect of ethics, with autonomy showing higher scores; a main effect of the violations, with transgressions of autonomy showing higher scores; and a main effect of the level of proximity to the offender, with higher scores observed with strangers. An interaction was observed between action tendencies and the level of proximity, where the participants avoided friends more and punished strangers more. Future research suggests proximity to the offender as a relevant variable.
Se buscó investigar la asociación de las tendencias a la acción frente a las violaciones morales con los códigos deontológicos y el nivel de cercanía al delincuente. Participaron 200 estudiantes universitarios (70% mujeres, edad M = 23 años; DT = 6,62). Respondieron preguntas sociodemográficas, la Escala Comunitaria, Autonomía y Divinidad y el Relación de Tendencias para la Acción ante Violaciones Morales. Los análisis mixtos de varianza sugirieron un efecto principal de la ética, con la autonomía mostrando puntuaciones más altas; un efecto principal de las violaciones, con transgresiones de autonomía que muestran puntajes más altos; y un efecto principal del nivel de proximidad al delincuente, con puntuaciones más altas observadas con extraños. Se observó una interacción desde la tendencia a la acción con el nivel de proximidad, donde los participantes evitaban más a los amigos y castigaban más a los extraños. Las investigaciones futuras sugieren la proximidad al delincuente como una variable relevante.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ethics , Morale , Psychology, Social , StudentsABSTRACT
Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a relação entre as representações sociais e o julgamento moral acerca do linchamento e identificar as atitudes de estudantes de Psicologia e de Ciências Exatas sobre esta prática. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo e exploratório, realizada com 122 participantes que responderam a um questionário semiestruturado e justificaram suas atitudes diante de um dilema moral. A análise envolveu a análise de conteúdo temática, a estatística descritiva e testes de associação entre variáveis. Os resultados indicaram diferentes formas de representar o linchamento, associadas aos princípios de cada nível de desenvolvimento moral utilizado pelos participantes. De um modo geral, os grupos pesquisados demonstraram uma atitude desfavorável à prática do linchamento, sendo que, entre os favoráveis, predominaram os estudantes de Ciências Exatas.
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social representation and moral judgment on lynching and to identify the position of studentes of Psychology and Exact Sciences on the act. This was a descriptive and explanatory research study, conducted with 122 participants who answered a semistructured questionnaire and justified their attitude towards a moral dilemma. The analysis was done using thematic content analysis, descriptive statistics and tests of association among variables. The results indicated different ways of representing the act of lynching, associated with the principles of each moral development level used by the participants. In general, the studied groups showed a negative view of the practice of lynching, with the favorable ones being predominantly students of Exact Sciences.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência que as experiências em mundos virtuais advindas da interação com os jogos eletrônicos têm sobre a competência do juízo moral dos sujeitos. Para tanto, a pesquisa desenvolveu-se com uma amostra por conveniência composta por três turmas do ensino médio. Aplicaram-se um questionário para identificação do perfil e o teste de juízo moral (MJT). Foram analisados 72 questionários e testes respondidos. Após análise estatística dos dados obtidos, não se constataram diferenças significativas entre alunos jogadores e não jogadores com relação ao juízo moral. Assim, pode-se questionar e relativizar a influência dos jogos eletrônicos sobre a competência do juízo moral dos sujeitos. Esse fato reforça a ideia de que o jogo é apenas mais um elemento que contribui com os processos de subjetivação, mas que ele não pode ser considerado determinante das qualidades morais dos sujeitos envolvidos no estudo.
This study aims to investigate the influence of experiences in virtual worlds resulted from the interaction with computer games has on the moral judgement competence of individuals. For this purpose, the research was developed with a convenience sample consisting of three classes of high school, we applied a questionnaire to identify the profile of the subjects and applied the moral judgement test (MJT). We analyzed 72 answered questionnaires and tests. After statistical analysis of obtained data, did not find significant differences between players and non-players in the relationship for moral judgement. Thus, can be questioned and relativized the influence of electronic games on the moral judgement competence of individuals. This reinforces the idea that the game is only seen as one more element that contributes to the processes of subjectivity, but this cannot be regarded as determinative of the moral qualities of subjects enrolled no study.
Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la influencia de las experiencias en mundos virtuales como resultado de la interacción con los juegos de ordenador tiene la responsabilidad de la competencia de lo juicio moral de los indivíduos. Para ello, la investigación se desarrolló con una muestra que consta de tres clases de la escuela secundaria, en que se aplicó un cuestionario para identificar el perfil y también se aplicó test de juicio moral (MJT). Se analizaron 72 cuestionarios respondidos y las pruebas. El análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos no encontró diferencias significativas entre los jugadores y los jugadores em relación a competencia de lo juicio moral. Por lo tanto, se podría cuestionar y relativizar la influencia de los juegos electrónicos en el competencia moral de los individuos. Esto refuerza la idea de que el juego es sólo como un elemento más que contribuye a los procesos de la subjetividad, pero esto no puede considerarse como determinante de las cualidades morales de los sujetos del estudio.
ABSTRACT
This main purpose of this study was to assess the effects of two different types of ethics education on the moral judgement of clinical nurses. One type was free discussions among nurses with given specific moral issues and the other type was discussions guided by experts on specific moral issues. The study employed a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent pre test-post test design using two different control groups. The conceptual framework of the study was derived from the Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory (1969) and the Greipp's Ethical Decision-Making Model (1992). The data was collected during the period of October 14 through December 15, 1998. Sample consists of 32 nurses working in the ICU who met research criteria. 16 nurses were assigned to the free discussion group and 16 nurses to the group for the guided discussion with experts group. For the pre-test, the DIT which was developed by Rest (1984) and JAND by Ketefian (1998) were used with some modification by the author. After the education, only JAND was used to assess the changes in moral judgement. The collected data was analysed using SPSS PC program. The findings are as follows: 1. There was no significant difference between two groups in their general characteristics. Only difference which was statistically significant between two groups was that realistic score on Case 3/Medical Research and Autopsy was higher in the free discussion group. 2. Hypothesis 1: "There will be a difference on the moral judgement of nurses before and after they receive an ethics education". This hypothesis was supported partially. Those who had low scores on moral judgement before the education tended to have higher scores after the education on the same issues. And, after the education, the nurses tend to give lower scores on the dilemmas they had experienced frequently at work; while giving higher scores on those dilemmas they had no prior experience. 3. Hypothesis 2: "The effect of education may differ depended upon the moral development index [P(%)] score of nurses". The effect of education was different depend on moral development level. The group who's P(%) scores was low at the pretest has higher scores in realistic moral judgement after the education, while the groups with middle or high P(%) scores went down after the education. These changes were statistically significant in some cases, thus, the Hypothesis 2 was partially supported 4. Hypothesis 3: "The method of ethics education will have different effects on the moral judgement of nurses". Even though several nurses attended the guided discussion stated that the education program broadend their perspectives the difference between two groups was not significant and this hypothesis was not supported. In conclusion, both types of ethics education had helped the nurses to acquire the skills to deal some nursing dilemmas. The effects of ethics education may differ according to the moral development index - P(%) score. However, because of some of the limitations of this study, mainly small sample size, short term education, unable to control other variables which may affect moral judgement of nurses, further research is warranted.