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AIM: To observe the effect of RBC preservation solution with sodium pyruvate on the morphology, structure and function of RBC stored in vitro in type 2 diabetes rats. METHODS: Thirty SPF male SD rats, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10): non-T2DM conventional RBC preservation solution (group A), T2DM conventional RBC preservation solution (group B) and T2DM sodium pyruvate RBC preservation solution (group C). The leukoreduced RBC from the tail vein and stored for 0 d (T0), 7 d (T1), 14 d (T2), 21 d (T3) and 28 d (T4) to detect the morphology, structure and the contents of 2, 3-DPG, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactic acid (LA) of RBC in group A, B and C. The RBC stored for 14 days in vitro were labeled with PKH26, and its survival rate were tested in vivo at 1, 4, 10 and 16 hours after intravenous infusion. RESULTS: At T0, the RBC morphology of group A was intact, which was better than that of group B and group C. With the extension of storage time, the morphology of RBC in each group gradually transformed into a spindle-spherical shape. Compared with group A, the incidence of acanthocytes in group B and group C was higher, and the incidence of acanthocytes in group C was lower than that in group B. Compared with group A, the content of 2, 3-DPG in group B and group C decreased, while ROS and MDA increased at different time points (P<0.05). The content of 2,3-DPG in group C was higher than that in group B (P<0.05), and the contents of ROS and MDA were lower than those in group B (P<0.05). LA content in group B was higher than that in group A and group C (P<0.05). At T2-T4, the LA content in group C was lower than that in group A (P<0.05). The survival rate of RBC in group A was higher than that in group B and C, and the survival rate of RBC in group B was lower than that in group C (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Sodium pyruvate added RBC preservation solution has a certain protective effect on RBC stored in vitro in type 2 diabetic rats, and its mechanism may be related to its antioxidant effect.
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Abstract: This study investigated the bleaching effectiveness and the physicochemical effects on enamel of violet light and ozone, associate or not to hydrogen peroxide, compared to 35%-hydrogen peroxide. Enamel-dentin blocks from human molars were randomly allocated to receive one of the following bleaching protocols (n=15): (HP) 35%-hydrogen peroxide, (VL) violet light, (OZ) ozone, the association between hydrogen peroxide with ozone (OZ+HP) or violet light (VL+HP). All protocols were performed in two sessions with a 48h interval. Color (spectrophotometer) and mineral composition (Raman spectroscopy) were measured before and after the bleaching. Color changes were calculated by ΔEab, ΔE00, and whitening index (WI). The surface roughness was measured with an atomic force microscope. Data were analyzed by One-way or Two-way repeated measure ANOVA followed by the Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The lowest color change values (either measured by WI, ΔEab, or ΔE00) were observed for VL and OZ used with no HP. Violet light associate with HP was unable to improve the color changes observed for the peroxide alone, in combination with OZ and HP, the highest color changes were verified. Regardless of bleaching protocol, the bleached enamel presented higher contents of PO4 and CO3 -2 than those observed at baseline. All bleaching protocols resulted in similar enamel surface roughness. Both the VL and the OZ caused reduced effects on the enamel color change when used alone. The ozone therapy improved the bleaching effect in the group that received the association of HP.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito clareador e físico-químico no esmalte de luz violeta e ozônio, associado ou não ao peróxido de hidrogênio, comparado a 35% de peróxido de hidrogênio. Blocos de esmalte-dentina de molares humanos foram alocados aleatoriamente para receber um dos seguintes protocolos de clareamento (n = 15): (HP) peróxido de hidrogênio a 35%, (VL) luz violeta, (OZ) ozônio, a associação entre peróxido de hidrogênio com ozônio (HP+OZ) ou luz violeta (HP+VL). Todos os protocolos foram realizados em duas sessões, com intervalo de 48 horas entre eles. A cor (espectrofotômetro) e a composição mineral (espectroscopia Raman) do dente foram medidas antes e após os procedimentos de clareamento. As alterações de cor foram calculadas por ΔEab e ΔE00, e o índice de brancura foram calculados. A rugosidade da superfície das amostras clareadas foi medida por microscópio de força atômica. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA One way ou ANOVA two way de medidas repetidas seguida pelo teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). Os menores valores de alterações de cor (medidos por WI, ΔEab ou ΔE00) foram observados para VL e OZ usados na ausência de HP. VL associada ao HP não foi capaz de melhorar as alterações de cor observadas com o uso do HP, mas a combinação de OZ e HP produz as maiores alterações de cor. Independentemente do protocolo de clareamento, o esmalte clareado apresentou maiores teores de PO4 e CO3 -2 do que os observados inicialmente. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre os protocolos de clareamento testados em relação à rugosidade da superfície do esmalte. É possível concluir que a VL ou o OZ tiveram efeitos reduzidos na mudança de cor do esmalte quando usados sozinhos. A terapia com OZ melhorou o efeito clareador do HP.
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Humans , Ozone , Tooth Bleaching , Tooth Bleaching Agents , Color , Dental Enamel , Hydrogen PeroxideABSTRACT
The structural characteristics of the skin, types and distribution of mucous cells of Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) were studied at the light microscope level, stained with Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Alcian blue-periodie acid Schiff (ABPAS). The skin of both was composed of epidermis and dermis. The dermis was divided into stratum spongiosum and stratum compactum. The stained color of stratum compactum was stained more deeply than that of stratum spongiosum. The skin thickness displayed differences in the fish at different body positions. The thickest of epidermis layer was on the dorsal region for Yangtze sturgeon, reversely, the thinnest was the mandibular region; Stratum spongiosum on the mandibular region was the thickest, the stratum spongiosum of the maxillary region was not obvious. In summary, keratinized spines, a kind of keratin derivative, are widely distributed in the mandibular, ventral, dorsal, and caudal peduncle skin surface for Yangtze sturgeon, and some pit organs mainly present in the skin surface of the maxillary and ventral regions. In short, the small amount of mucous cells in the skin of Yangtze sturgeon and the type of mucous cell were main Type IV, nevertheless there was a distribution of a few Type III.
Se estudiaron las características estructurales de la piel, los tipos y la distribución de las células mucosas del esturión Yangtze (Acipenser dabryanus) con microscopio de luz, teñidas con hematoxilina-eosina (HE) y azul alcián-ácido de Schiff (AB-PAS). La piel estaba compuesta por epidermis y dermis. La dermis se dividía en estrato esponjoso y estrato compacto. El grosor de la piel mostró diferencias en los peces en diferentes posiciones del cuerpo. La capa más gruesa de la epidermis se observó en la región dorsal del esturión Yangtze; a la inversa, la más delgada en la región mandibular. El estrato esponjoso en la región mandibular era el más grueso, el estrato esponjoso de la región maxilar no era visualizado. En resumen, las espinas queratinizadas, un tipo derivado de la queratina, estaban ampliamente distribuidas en la superficie de la piel del pedúnculo mandibular, ventral, dorsal y caudal en el esturión Yangtze, y algunos órganos en fosas, presentes principalmente en la superficie de la piel de las regiones mandibular y ventral. En resumen, la pequeña cantidad de células mucosas en la piel del esturión Yangtze y el tipo de célula mucosa eran células principales tipo IV, sin embargo, se observaron algunas células tipo III.
Subject(s)
Animals , Skin/ultrastructure , Fishes/anatomy & histology , Mucous Membrane/ultrastructure , Dermis/ultrastructure , Epidermis/ultrastructure , Mucus/cytologyABSTRACT
Analyzes of samples of stem and fiber Boehmeria nivea var. Murakami were performed to increase information on the plant and disseminate its multiple possibilities of use. The histochemical analyzes with dyes and reagents showed the presence of lignified, suberous and cutinized cell walls with Safranin in the xylem region. The presence of pectin-cellulose with Astra Blue was confirmed in the regions of fiber bundles (cortex). In all regions of the stem were identified substances such as fat and mucilage with Methylene Blue evidencing high concentrations in the regions of fiber bundles and bark (violet blue). By means of Lugol (dark brown) starches were identified in several parts of the stem with concentrations in the xylem and epidermal regions. Through analyzes by EDS it was possible to identify F, Mg, Al, Si, K and Ca with predominance of K. In the chemical analyzes of the fibers were found 71.75 of cellulose, 12.11 of hemicelluloses, 1.06 of lignin and 1.70% of ashes. The percentages of extractives soluble in hot and cold water were 5.28 and 3.12% respectively, for Ethanol-Toluene was 8.55 and NaOH (1%) 27.27%. Histochemical analyzes revealed important characteristics of the fiber and stem contributing with better knowledge of the species.
Análises de amostras de caule e de fibras Boehmeria nivea var. Murakami foram realizadas para aumentar o conhecimento da planta e difundir suas múltiplas possibilidades de uso. As análises histoquímicas com corantes e reagentes mostraram paredes celulares lignificadas, suberosas e cutinizadas com Safranina na região do xilema. Confirmou-se a presença de pectocelulose com Azul de Astra nas regiões de feixes de fibras (córtex). Em todas as regiões do caule, foram identificadas substâncias como gordura e mucilagem com Azul de Metileno, evidenciando elevadas concentrações nas regiões dos feixes de fibras e da casca (azul violeta). Por meio de Lugol (marrom escuro), foram identificados amidos em várias partes do caule com concentrações nas regiões do xilema e da epiderme. Por meio de análises de EDS, foram identificados F, Mg, Al, Si, K e Ca, com predominância do K. Nas análises químicas das fibras, foram encontrados 71,09 de celulose, 12,11 de hemiceluloses, 1,06 de lignina e 1,70% de cinzas. As porcentagens de extrativos solúveis em água quente e fria foram de 5,28 e 3,12%, respectivamente. Para o Etanol-Tolueno, foi 8,55 e para o NaOH (1%), 27,27%. As análises histoquímicas revelaram importantes características das fibras e do caule, contribuindo com melhores conhecimentos da espécie
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The anatomical structure of acupuncture points is the carrier for needling stimulation induced neurobiological effects. Although researchers have never stopped investigating its structure and experienced different stages from macroscopic to microcosmic morphological material basis, our understanding still largely lags behind the requirements of the times. In the present paper, we review development of researches on acupuncture points in recent decades from 1) macroscopic anatomical structure including skin, bones, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, etc.; 2) macro-microcosmic structure as the thickness of skin and muscles, distribution of blood vessels and nerve fibers, and innervation; 3) microstructure including cell categories (mast cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, etc.), peptidergic nerve fibers, various receptors, chemical substances, and their relationship with the brain and immune-endocrine system (cutaneous-neuro-immune-endocrine-mental biological communication), etc. These research outcomes will not only help us demonstrate the acupoint's structure better at the level of the body surface and regional anatomy, but also, at the microstructural level, reveal different kinds of cells and their chemical compositions in its structure as well as their relationship with the regulatory system of the whole body. From the perspective of the cutaneous and systemic neuro-immuno-endocrine networks, it undoubtedly prompts us to profoundly explore the underlying biological mechanisms of acupuncture. To observe the regional mutual connection and interaction of different kinds of cells and their chemical mediators and molecules in the acupuncture point will improve our understanding about the nature of acupuncture points from the static to the dynamic point of view. This might be a new approach for us to further reveal the functional roles of acupuncture points.
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Nanofibers have been considered as a potential kind of sorbent for solid phase extraction, accordingly nanofiber-based solid phase extraction ( Nanofibers based solid phase extraction, NFs-SPE ) becomes a popular research point of sample pretreatment technique. This article reviewed in and abroad research status of practical application in food, environmental and biological sample preparation based on nanofibers mat, and proposed that there was a dual “structure”-“activity” relationship between target adsorption efficiency and the two structures ( nanometer morphological structure and molecular structure ) of nanofibers, which would be the key breakthrough to explore adsorption mechanism.
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Objective To study morphological structural changes for different segment umbilical vessels of fetus in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) ,and explore relationship between PIH and umbilical vessels .Methods Totally 36 umbilical cords from fetus of pregnant women without and with PIH (17 cases ,19 controls) were collected ,and take umbilical cord of placen‐tal ,middle ,and fetal segment to routine dehydration ,embedding ,section and stain .In the cases 9 women had mild preeclampsia ,6 had severe preeclampsia and 4 had eclampsia .Microscope images were obtained by digital microscope ,and lumen diameter ,wall thickness and wall‐luminal ratio of different segment umbilical vein and arteries were tested by computer image analysis software . The test results were analyzed and compared .Results From the placental end to the fetal end ,the lumen diameter and wall‐luminal ratio gradually decreased ,and wall thickness gradually increased in the umbilical vein and arteries (P<0 .05) .Compared to normal pregnant women ,the lumen diameter and wall‐luminal ratio decreased ,and wall thickness increased in patients with PIH ,and the a‐bove changes aggravated by disease severity (P<0 .05) .Conclusion PIH is associated with structural changes in the umbilical ves‐sels .These changes are more predominant in the vein than in the artery and most obvious in the fetal end .
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This study was aimed to establish an identification method between leaflets of Dimocarpus longan and leaflets of Litchi chinensis. The leaflet morphological-venation pattern (LMVP) and quantitative analysis were reliable identification method for Chinese herbs. The results showed that the main differences of leaflets of Dimocarpus lon-gan were the eucamptodromous camptodromous pinnate venation; the secondary veins gradually changed into little near margin and a few brochidodromous; the type of tertiary vein was percurrent or reticulate. The main differences of leaflets of Litchi chinensis were brochidodromous camptodromous pinnate venation; the course of the secondary veins was sinuous or zigzag, and abruptly curved then linked; the type of tertiary vein was reticulate. With three groups of key differences mentioned above, both plants can be successfully identified from each other. The accuracy of identification results (AC) was from 98.1% to 100%. The agreement rate for observation (ARO) was from 98.5% to 100%. And the Kappa value was from 0.97 to 1.00. It was concluded that the established LMVP is simple, rapid, e-conomic and reliable in the identification between leaflets of Dimoc arp us longan and leaflets of its confused herb Litchi chinensis.
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To explore the dose- and time- dependent relationship between the chronic iodine excess and thyroid structure, ultrastructure, and thyroid function in autoimmune-prone NOD. H-2h4 mice. Chronic iodine excess leads to iodine-induced goiter with an ultrastructure of follicle epithelial cells injury in a dose and time dependent way.
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Background: Morphological structure of dental enamel-cement border of the 7th tooth is of great interest to many dentists with various different meanings. Study of the border of the 7th tooth allows the visual description of the morphological structure of this region. Objectives: To highlight the structure of dental enamel-cement border as well as its application in the endodontic treatment. Subjects and methods: The team used screening electronic microscopy to investigate the morphology and structure of twenty, second molar of adults who are between 18 and 35 year old. These teeth were extracted due to dental correction or caries (on chewing face). The study was conducted on both non-demineralized and demineralized teeth. Results: There are 3 kinds of connection in the enamel-cement border area of second molar: cement covering enamel, enamel-mineralized peridental ligament there is a gap between enamel and cement without exposing dentine. The kind of cement covering enamel connection is characteristic for dental interior face. The kind of enamel-mineralized peridental ligament is characteristic for the proximal, distal and middle dental face, the kind of enamel and cement without exposing dentine is characteristic for external face. Conclusion: Research conducted on only a small amount of tooth No. 7, further studies should be carried out on other teeth to have a more accurate description. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'
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Objective To study the morphological structure and the hemodynamics of peribiliary vascular plexus(PVP) of hepatic portal bile duct in rat in vivo,so as to provide an experimental method and accumulate data for further study on the bile duct complications occuring after liver transplantation,operations for bile duct stenosis and other hepatobiliary diseases.Methods Forty SD rats were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups: the control group and the ink-injection group(n=20),microcirculation laser scan confocal microscopy was used to observe the morphological structure and the hemodynamic features of PVP on rat′s hepatic portal bile duct after the bile duct was stained with indocyanine green and the hepatic artery was perfused with ink.Results Morphologically it was showed that PVP were comprised of three layers: the spatial structure of PVP appeared dentriform from outer layer to intermediate layer,and then transformed into a network from intermediate layer to inner layer.The outer layer vessels seemed to be dendritic and located within the ductal wall at 0-60?m scanning from the adventitia,and the branches appeared sparse and straight.The diameter of artery and vein was very different.The vessels of intermediate layer showed as an intricate network and located within the ductal wall in the depth of 40-80?m,and the ranification was rich and tortuous.Inner layer vessels adjacent to the intima appeared to be a plenus in hexagons with 120? intersect angles and uniform diameter.Hemodynamics showed that the flow rate in the artery was higher than that in the vein of PVP.Conclusion The technique,employing microcirculation laser scan confocalmicroscopy,to observe the morphological structure and the hemodynamic features of PVP,may reveal the morphological structure and hemodynamic features limpidly,both macroscopically and dynamically.It can be used as an important tool for the study of bile duct complications after liver transplantation,bile duct stenosis or other hepatobiliary diseases.