Primary retroperitoneal tumor: mucinous cystoadenocarcinoma / Tumor primario retroperitoneal: cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso

Abstract Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenocarci nomas (PRMCs) are extremely rare tumors with limited understanding of their pathogenesis and biological be havior. We describe a case of a 50-year-old female patient who underwent surgical treatment. The patient had a history of previous surgeries for mesenteric mucinous cystadenoma, without evidence of recurrence. During routine abdominal ultrasound a new tumor was found. An abdomen magnetic resonance imaging was done and confirmed the presence of a cystic lesion in the right iliac fossa. After discussion in multidisciplinary committee, surgical complete resection of the tumor, along with bilateral adnexectomy, was performed successfully. Histopathological examination revealed a mucinous adenocarcinoma adjacent to a mucinous cystadenoma. Immunohistochemical analysis supported the diagnosis of a primary retroperitoneal lesion. The patient had an uneventful recovery and has remained disease-free du ring the two-year postoperative follow-up. PRMCs are challenging to diagnose preoperatively due to nonspecific symptoms. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. The long-term prognosis and op timal therapeutic strategies require further investigation.

Resumen Los cistoadenocarcinomas mucinosos primarios re troperitoneales (CMPR) son tumores extremadamente raros con una comprensión limitada de su patogénesis y comportamiento biológico. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 50 años some tida a tratamiento quirúrgico. La paciente tenía antece dentes de cirugías previas por cistodenoma mucinoso mesentérico, sin evidencia de recurrencia. Durante una ecografía abdominal de rutina se encontró un nuevo tumor. Se realizó una resonancia magnética abdomen que confirmó la presencia de una lesión quística en la fosa ilíaca derecha. Luego de discutir el caso en el comité multidisci plinario, se realizó con éxito la resección quirúrgica completa del tumor, junto con la anexectomía bilateral. El examen histopatológico reveló un adenocarcinoma mucinoso adyacente a un cistodenoma mucinoso. El análisis inmunohistoquímico apoyó el diagnóstico de lesión primaria retroperitoneal. La paciente tuvo una buena recuperación y permaneció libre de enfermedad durante dos años de seguimiento postoperatorio. Los CMPR son difíciles de diagnosticar debido a que presentan síntomas inespecíficos. La escisión quirúrgica es la base del tratamiento. El pronóstico a largo plazo y las estrategias terapéuticas óptimas requieren más investigación.

Pseudomixoma peritoneal: reporte de un caso / Peritoneal Pseudomyxoma: A Case Report

Resumen El pseudomixoma peritoneal (PMP) es una afección poco común, inicialmente descrita en 1884 por Werth en relación con la ascitis y tumores mucinosos de ovario, y posteriormente en 1901 por Frankel, asociado a tumores mucinosos apendiculares. Se ha observado una alta prevalencia de mutaciones en el gen K-RAS y TP53 en pacientes con PMP de bajo grado, lo que desencadena la proliferación y producción excesiva de moco. Los estudios han demostrado que la cavidad peritoneal, especialmente la superficie hepática, es el sitio principal de depósito de estos tumores. La tomografía computada se considera el estándar de oro para el diagnóstico, mientras que la resonancia magnética es más sensible para detectar el origen tumoral y evaluar la extensión de la enfermedad. Aunque la laparotomía exploratoria es el método tradicional para la toma de biopsias, se están explorando alternativas menos invasivas como la biopsia guiada por ultrasonido y tomografía computarizada, que han demostrado ser eficaces. El diagnóstico diferencial incluye la endometriosis y tumores mixoides, con énfasis en la invasión al mesenterio y las características quísticas. Es crucial reconocer las diferencias en etapas avanzadas, ya que el PMP tiende a invadir los órganos desde afuera, mientras que los tumores mixoides presentan metástasis sólidas a distancia.

Abstract Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare condition, first described by Werth in 1884 in association with ascites and ovarian mucinous tumors, and later in 1901 by Frankel, associated with appendicular mucinous tumors. High prevalence of mutations in the K-RAS and TP53 genes has been observed in patients with low-grade PMP, triggering proliferation and excessive mucus production. Studies have shown that the peritoneal cavity, especially the hepatic surface, is the main site for deposition of these tumors. Computed tomography is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, while magnetic resonance imaging is more sensitive for detecting the tumor origin and assessing disease extent. Although exploratory laparotomy is the traditional method for biopsy, less invasive alternatives such as ultrasound-guided and computed tomography-guided biopsy are being explored, which have proven to be effective. The differential diagnosis includes endometriosis and mixoid tumors, with emphasis on mesentery invasion and cystic characteristics. Recognizing differences in advanced stages is crucial, as PMP tends to invade organs from the outside, while mixoid tumors present distant solid metastases.

Cistoadenoma mucinoso gigante de ovario / Giant ovarian mucinous cystadenoma

Aunque el cistoadenoma mucinoso de ovario tiene un crecimiento benigno, puede crecer hasta tener grandes dimensiones. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 70 años que acudió a consulta por presentar dolor abdominal recurrente y difuso. A la exploración física se palpó una gran masa que ocupaba toda la cavidad abdominal, hasta la apófisis xifoides, redondeada, renitente, de bordes definidos, no dolorosa, no movible. Presencia de edema en miembros inferiores. Durante el acto operatorio se identificó útero miomatoso y quiste gigante de ovario izquierdo, aproximadamente de 40 x 30 cm y 13,6 kg de peso. Se realizó histerectomía total abdominal y salpingooforectomía bilateral. La biopsia confirmó el diagnóstico de cistoadenoma mucinoso benigno de ovario y leiomiomatosis uterina. El posoperatorio transcurrió favorablemente. La incidencia de cistoadenoma gigante de ovario es desconocida, debido a la falta de un concepto estandarizado y las modalidades de imagen avanzadas disponibles en la actualidad(AU)

Although ovarian mucinous cystadenoma has a benign growth, it can grow to be very large. We present the case of a 70-year-old patient who came to the clinic for recurrent and diffuse abdominal pain. On physical examination, a large mass was palpated that occupied the entire abdominal cavity, up to the xiphoid appendix, rounded, retentive, with defined edges, non- painful, non-movable. Presence of edema in lower limbs. During the surgical act, a myomatous uterus and a giant left ovarian cyst measuring approximately 40 x3 0 cm and weighing 13.6 kg were identified. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of benign ovarian mucinous cystadenoma and uterine leiomyomatosis. The postoperative period progressed favorably. The incidence of giant ovarian cystadenoma is relatively unknown due to the lack of a standardized concept and currently available advanced imaging modalities(AU)

A comprehensive review of mucinous ovarian cancer: insights into epidemiology, risk factors, histological characteristics, and clinical outcomes

Mucinous ovarian cancer (MOC) represents a rare subtype within the spectrum of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). In contrast to a uniform approach applied to all EOC subtypes, MOC stands out as a distinctive entity. A nuanced understanding of the pathological features and genomic profile of MOC holds the potential for enhancing management strategies and, consequently, prognostic outcomes. The differentiation between primary MOC and metastatic mucinous carcinoma poses a challenge but is imperative for accurate clinical decision-making. Notably, early-stage MOC exhibits a favourable prognosis, while advanced disease is characterized by a less favourable outcome. Surgical intervention assumes a pivotal role both in the early stages and metastatic scenarios. Chemotherapy is typically initiated from stage II MOC onwards, with the conventional gynaecological protocol commonly employed; however, there is also precedent for the application of gastrointestinal (GI) regimens. Given the association of MOC with diverse molecular alterations, the consideration of targeted therapy emerges as a potential therapeutic avenue for this unique disease entity. The main tool used for this literature review was PubMed. MOC stands as a distinct entity within EOC subtypes, distinguished from GI mucinous carcinoma by its unique clinical behavior, pathological features, molecular profile, prognosis, and response to standard treatment. The challenges lie in both the diagnosis and treatment of MOC, emphasizing the complexity and specialized considerations required for managing this particular subtype of OC.

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney: A case report and concise review of literature

@#Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) is a rare neoplasm of the kidney. Recognition of this rare entity is important with regards to a patient’s prognosis and therapeutic management.

Analysis of CT features of renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the CT imaging features of renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma(MTSCC).Methods The CT images of 9 cases patients with renal MTSCC confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively,and their size,shape,density,degree of enhancement and enhancement mode were analyzed.Results There were 6 cases of left renal and 3 cases of right renal,with the largest diameter ranging from 1.6 cm to 7.7 cm.The shape of renal MTSCC was round in 4 cases,oblong in 3 cases,and fan-shaped in 2 cases.The long axis of the oblong tumor was parallel to the renal column,the central angle of the fan-shaped tumor was located in the renal medulla,and the arc was located under the renal capsule.Renal MTSCC was mainly located in the renal medulla.There were 6 cases of complete endophytic tumors,5 of which compressed the renal sinus.The tumor density was uniform in 5 cases,and the CT value of the solid component of the tumor was(32.43±4.82)HU,and the difference was not statistically significant compared with that of the renal parenchymal density(P=0.859).After enhancement,the solid component of the tumor showed mild uniform enhancement in the cortical phase,with a CT value of(41.71±6.74)HU.In the parenchymal phase and excretory phase,there was progressive enhancement,and the CT values were(58.23±9.42)HU and(61.81±9.49)HU,respectively.The CT value of each phase of tumor after enhancement was lower than that of renal medulla in the same period,and the differences were statisti-cally significant(P=0.001,P=0.005,P=0.002).Conclusion Renal MTSCC is mainly located in the renal medulla,which is easy to compress the renal sinus.It can be oblong or fan-shaped.Cystic,necrosis and calcification are rare.After enhancement,the tumor shows mild uniform enhancement in the cortical phase,progressive enhancement in the parenchymal phase and the excretory phase,and the CT value of each phase are lower than that of the renal medulla in the same period,which can suggest the diagnosis.

The value of quantitative analysis of energy spectrum CT for pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the application value of quantitative analysis of the energy spectrum CT in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the energy spectrum CT parameters of 12 cases of pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma and 24 cases of non-mucinous adenocarcinoma confirmed by surgery and pathology.Results There were significant differences between pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma in 40-60 keV in plain scan,50-100 keV in arterial phase,40-140 keV CT value in venous phase and delayed phase,effective atomic number in plain scan,iodine concentration in venous phase and delayed phase(P<0.05).Conclusion The analysis of parameters of energy spectrum CT can be used for qualitative diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary mucinous adenocarcinoma and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Value of nomogram based on dual-layer detector spectral CT quantitative parameters and conventional CT features for evaluating high-grade pattern of pulmonary invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the value of nomogram based on dual-layer detector spectral CT quantitative parameters and conventional CT feature in evaluating high-grade pattern (HGP) of pulmonary invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma.Methods:This study was a case-control study. A total of 71 patients with pathologically confirmed pulmonary invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from February 2022 to May 2023 were retrospectively enrolled, which were divided into HGP and non-HGP groups according to pathological results. Conventional CT features were analyzed, including size, shape, density, internal signs, margins, and pleural retraction. The iodine concentration (IC), electron density (ED), and normalized iodine concentration (NIC) of the lesions in both the arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP) were measured. Differences between the two groups were analyzed using independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or χ2 test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to select the independent influencing factors of HGP in pulmonary invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma, and the conventional CT feature model, the spectral CT quantitative parameter model, and the combined model were constructed and expressed in a nomogram. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the performance of each model, and was compared by DeLong test. Decision curves (DCA) was used to assess the clinical net benefit of the models. Results:There were significant differences between HGP group and non-HGP group in terms of density, lobulation, spiculation, IC AP, IC VP, NIC AP, ED AP and ED VP (all P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the solid nodule ( OR=15.452, 95% CI 4.246-56.235, P<0.001), lobulation ( OR=7.069, 95% CI 1.618-30.883, P=0.009), ED AP( OR=1.183, 95% CI 1.064-1.315, P=0.002) and IC VP ( OR=0.231, 95% CI 0.072-0.744, P=0.014) were independent influencing factors for predicting HGP in pulmonary invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma. The AUC of the conventional CT feature model, spectral CT quantitative parameter model, and the combined model were 0.835, 0.890, and 0.915, respectively. The AUC of the combined model was better than that of the conventional CT feature model ( Z=2.67, P=0.008). The DCA analysis demonstrated that the nomogram had higher clinical net benefit than the conventional CT feature model. Conclusions:The nomogram based on the quantitative parameters of dual-layer detector spectral CT and conventional CT features have favorable diagnostic efficacy in predicting HGP in pulmonary invasive non-mucinous adenocarcinoma, and can be used as a reliable tool for non-invasive diagnosis of HGP before surgery.

Ruptured urachal mucinous cystic tumor of low malignant potential: A case report and review of literature

@#Neoplasms of the urachus are uncommon, consisting of only 0.17% of all bladder malignancy. Mucinous cystic tumor of low malignant potential (MCLTMP) is a rare subtype with only 26 cases reported in the literature as of 2023. These tumors may present in a variety of ways such as hematuria, mucusuria, lower abdominal pain and irritative lower urinary tract symptoms. This is a case of 43-year-old female presenting at the emergency room for abdominal pain initially managed as a case of ovarian new growth in complication who underwent exploratory laparotomy, adhesiolysis, bilateral salpingectomy, partial cystectomy enbloc removal of urachal with anterior peritonectomy and excision of umbilicus. Histopathologic examination revealed mucinous cystic tumor of low malignant potential (MCLTMP) of the urachus. It is important to consider the possibility of a ruptured urachal cyst in a female patient who presents with hypogastric abdominal pain. A transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound may lead to an incorrect diagnosis. In such cases where the patient presented with an acute abdomen, knowledge that a ruptured urachal cyst maybe a differential for such masses would lead to a strategic laparotomy incision aimed at a possible en-bloc removal of the umbilicus while maintaining the connections of the possible urachal mass to the urinary bladder.

Differentiation of Pure Mucinous Carcinoma and Fibroadenoma on Ultrasound of the Breast / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the difference of ultrasound characteristics between pure mucinous carcinoma （PMC） and fibroadenoma （FA） of the breast. MethodsUltrasound data of 50 continuous patients with breast PMC from January 2012 to January 2021 and 100 continuous patients with breast FA from June 2018 to January 2019 in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively reviewed. The ultrasound characteristics of the two groups were evaluated according to the 2013 BI-RADS Ultrasound Atlas， and the differences in age， maximum diameter and ultrasound characteristics between the two groups were compared. ResultsThe median age of PMC patients was 47 years and that of FA patients was 33 years. The age of PMC patients was higher than that of the FA group， and the difference between the two groups of patients was statistically significant （P<0.001）. The median maximum diameter of PMC patients was 2.4 cm， which was greater than that of the FA group （1.8 cm）， and the difference was statistically significant （P=0.001）. Of the PMC， 70% （35/50） were irregular， 82% （41/50） were parallel to the skin， 92% （46/50） had no circumscribed margin， 72% （36/50） were hypoechoic， and 68% （34/50） had enhanced posterior echo. Of the FA， 69% （69/100） were oval or round， 98% （98/100） were parallel to the skin， 54% （54/100） had circumscribed margin， 98% （98/100） were hypoechoic， and 75% （75/100） had no posterior features. The differences in the above ultrasound characteristics between the PMC and FA groups were statistically significant （P<0.001， P=0.001， P<0.001， P<0.001， P<0.001）. There was no significant difference between calcifications and blood flow. ConclusionsCompared with the FA group， patients with PMC are older and the diameter of the lesions are larger. On ultrasound， the morphology and margin of most breast PMC still show the growth characteristics of invasive cancer. Meanwhile， the posterior echo of PMC is enhanced， which is a unique manifestation.

Construction of a Prognostic Prediction Model of Patients with Pathologic N0 in Resected Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Lung / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) was a rare and specific type of lung adenocarcinoma, which was often characterized by fewer lymphatic metastases. Therefore, it was difficult to evaluate the prognosis of these tumors based on the existing tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging. So, this study aimed to develop Nomograms to predict outcomes of patients with pathologic N0 in resected IMA.@*METHODS@#According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, IMA patients with pathologic N0 in The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University (training cohort, n=78) and Ningbo No.2 Hospital (validation cohort, n=66) were reviewed between July 2012 and May 2017. The prognostic value of the clinicopathological features in the training cohort was analyzed and prognostic prediction models were established, and the performances of models were evaluated. Finally, the validation cohort data was put in for external validation.@*RESULTS@#Univariate analysis showed that pneumonic type, larger tumor size, mixed mucinous/non-mucinous component, and higher overall stage were significant influence factors of 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis further indicated that type of imaging, tumor size, mucinous component were the independent prognostic factors for poor 5-year PFS and OS. Moreover, the 5-year PFS and OS rates were 62.82% and 75.64%, respectively. In subgroups, the survival analysis also showed that the pneumonic type and mixed mucinous/non-mucinous patients had significantly poorer 5-year PFS and OS compared with solitary type and pure mucinous patients, respectively. The C-index of Nomograms with 5-year PFS and OS were 0.815 (95%CI: 0.741-0.889) and 0.767 (95%CI: 0.669-0.865). The calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) of both models showed good predictive performances in both cohorts.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The Nomograms based on clinicopathological characteristics in a certain extent, can be used as an effective prognostic tool for patients with pathologic N0 after IMA resection.

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of mucinous ovarian cancer / 中国癌症杂志

Mucinous ovarian cancer(MOC)is a rare pathological type different from epithelial ovarian cancer,and the clinical treatment should refer to serous ovarian cancer(SOC)guidelines.However,since the clinicopathological features of MOC are significantly different from SOC,careful differentiation is needed in diagnosis and treatment.Surgery combined with adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard treatment for MOC.However,due to the low prevalence rate,it is difficult to carry out clinical trials,hence lacking evidence-based medicine and consensus on the indications of intraoperative appendectomy and the choice of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.In addition,further translational preclinical studies of targeted therapy and immunotherapy are needed to facilitate the diagnosis and individualized treatment of MOC.

Giant ovarian mucinous cystadenoma in Derna, Libya

Giant mucinous cystadenomas of the ovary are seldom documented in literature within developed countries, primarily due to the widespread availability of diagnostic technologies. However, in developing nations, such situations pose a challenge owing to limited access to diagnostic tools and constrained resources. Herein, we present the case of 35-year-old women, who reported a three-year history of a progressively enlarging giant mucinous cystadenoma which was initially mistaken for obesity, accompanied by abdominal distension and pain, and was not diagnosed during the cesarean section performed three weeks prior to the significant increase in size. Cystectomy performed, the resected cyst measured 25x23x17 cm, with no evidence of ascites. Subsequent histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of mucinous cystadenoma. The patient experienced a complete postoperative recovery without any complications. Notably, the presence of vague gastrointestinal symptoms unrelated to the actual diagnosis underscores the importance of considering giant ovarian cysts as a potential differential diagnosis for ambiguous abdominal symptoms, given the varied clinical presentations they may manifest. This case underscores the necessity for multidisciplinary collaboration among various specialists to facilitate early diagnosis. Furthermore, it emphasizes the indispensable role of histopathological examination in ensuring accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of ovarian cysts

Neoplasia quística mucinosa hepática, reporte de un caso y análisis de la patología / Hepatic mucinous cystic neoplasm, case report and pathology analysis / Neoplasia cística mucinosa hepática, relatório de um caso e análise da patologia

Desde los primeros reportes en la bibliografía, la nomenclatura de las lesiones quísticas hepatobiliares se ha ido modificando, habiéndose descripto dos tipos de lesiones: las serosas y las mucinosas. En 2010 la Organización Mundial de la Salud estableció una nueva clasificación donde los términos cistoadenomas y cistoadenocarcinomas hepatobiliares son reemplazados por entidades más específicas como la neoplasia mucinosa quística y los tumores quísticos intraductales (neoplasia papilar intraductal, neoplasma tubulopapilar intraductal y neoplasma oncocitico papilar). En cuanto a la neoplasia mucinosa quística, la presencia de estroma ovárico le confiere características distintivas en lo patológico y biológico, siendo esto un requisito en la clasificación de la OMS. Esta característica lo diferencia de los hamartomas biliares, los quistes congénitos y la enfermedad de Caroli. Dichas neoplasias son infrecuentes, con una incidencia menor al 5% de las lesiones quísticas hepáticas y ocurren casi exclusivamente en mujeres, frecuentemente perimenopáusicas. Su potencial de malignización ha sido descrito, siendo éste la indicación de tratamiento quirúrgico resectivo. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente portadora de una neoplasia quística mucinosa hepática, catalogada como cistoadenoma hepático según la antigua clasificación.

Since the early reports in the literature, the nomenclature of hepatobiliary cystic lesions has been modified, with two types of lesions being described: serous and mucinous. In 2010, the World Health Organization established a new classification in which the terms hepatobiliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas were replaced by more specific entities such as mucinous cystic neoplasms and intraductal cystic tumors (intraductal papillary neoplasm, intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm, and intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm). Regarding mucinous cystic neoplasms, the presence of ovarian stroma confers distinctive pathological and biological characteristics, which is a requirement in the WHO classification. This characteristic differentiates it from biliary hamartomas, congenital cysts, and Caroli's disease. Such neoplasms are rare, with an incidence of less than 5% of hepatic cystic lesions, and occur almost exclusively in women, often perimenopausal. Their potential for malignancy has been described, and this is the indication for surgical resection treatment. We present a clinical case of a patient with a mucinous cystic hepatic neoplasm, classified as a hepatic cystadenoma according to the old classification.

Desde os primeiros relatos na literatura, a nomenclatura das lesões císticas hepatobiliares tem sido modificada, sendo descritos dois tipos de lesões,asserosas e as mucinosas. Em 2010, a Organização Mundial da Saúdeestabeleceuuma nova classificação, naqual os termos cistoadenomas e cistoadenocarcinomas hepatobiliares foramsubstituídos por entidades mais específicas, como a neoplasia mucinosa cística e os tumores císticos intraductais (neoplasia papilar intraductal, neoplasma tubulopapilar intraductal e neoplasma oncocítico papilar). Em relação à neoplasia mucinosa cística, a presença de estroma ovarianoconfere características distintas do ponto de vista patológico e biológico, sendoesseum requisito naclassificação da OMS. Essa característica a diferencia dos hamartomas biliares, cistoscongênitos e doença de Caroli. Essas neoplasias são raras, comumaincidência menor que 5% das lesões císticas hepáticas, e ocorremquase exclusivamente em mulheres, frequentementeperimenopáusicas. Seu potencial de malignizaçãotem sido descrito, sendoesta a indicação para tratamentocirúrgicoressectivo. Apresentamos o caso clínico de uma paciente portadora de uma neoplasia cística mucinosa hepática, classificada como cistoadenoma hepático de acordocom a antigaclassificação.

The pain is not from the uterus: a rare complication of ovarian cyst during term labour

A case of primigravida with an ovarian torsion at 39 weeks of gestation is reported here. A Malay lady in her late 20s with a known case of ovarian cyst complained of sudden onset of severe pain during labour. Diagnosis of ovarian torsion was made and she underwent laparotomy cystectomy with emergency lower segment caesarean section in the same setting. Post-operative recovery was unremarkable. Histopathological examination confirmed mucinous cystadenoma.

Revisión de caso clínico: Mucocele apendicular, en paciente masculino, menor de 40 años, deportista / Clinical case review: Appendicular mucocele, in a male patient, under 40 years of age, athlete

Resumen Caso clínico sobre un paciente masculino, 35 años, deportista, conocido sano, que presenta una historia clínica con síntomas gastrointestinales indeterminados, a quien se le realizan estudios complementarios, detectándose una lesión fusiforme, de apariencia quística, con contenido seroso, de aproximadamente 9cm, perteneciente al apéndice ileocecal. Inicialmente, debido a los hallazgos, en los estudios realizados a nuestro paciente, se sospecha de mucocele apendicular. Según la teoría el mucocele apendicular se origina de una obstrucción del apéndice ileocecal, lo cual provoca una acumulación retrograda de material mucinoso y eso ocasiona una dilatación de la luz apendicular, convirtiéndose en una masa quística. Con dicho diagnóstico presuntivo, se realiza apendicectomía con hemicolectomía derecha. El abordaje quirúrgico que se decide para este caso es la cirugía abierta versus laparoscópica, debido al riesgo de cistoadenocarcinoma mucinoso. Posteriormente se envía la lesión para realización de estudio patológico, donde se evidencia una neoplasia mucinosa de bajo grado del apéndice.

Abstract Clinical case of a 35-year-old male patient, an athlete, known to be healthy, who presented a clinical history with indeterminate gastrointestinal symptoms, who underwent complementary studies, detecting a fusiform lesion with a cystic appearance, with serous content, approximately 9cm, belonging to the ileocecal appendix. Initially, due to the findings in the studies carried out on our patient, an appendiceal mucocele was suspected. According to the theory, the appendicular mucocele originates from an obstruction of the ileocecal appendix, which causes a retrograde accumulation of mucinous material and this causes a dilation of the appendicular lumen, becoming a cystic mass. With this presumptive diagnosis, appendectomy with right hemicolectomy was performed. The surgical approach chosen for this case is open versus laparoscopic surgery, due to the risk of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. Subsequently, the lesion is sent for a pathological study, where a low-grade mucinous neoplasm of the appendix is evidenced.

Primary Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Duodenum: Case Report

Introduction: Primary carcinoma of the duodenum is an infrequent malignancy; it represents 0.3-0.5% of all carcinomas of the GI tract and 33-45% of all carcinomas of the small intestine. Clinical case: A 57-year-old female patient with nonspecific GI symptoms and unintentional weight loss was diagnosed with diffuse, infiltrating, and ulcerated adenocarcinoma in the duodenum. Surgical management with duodenopancreatectomy was considered; however, it could not be performed due to deteriorating nutritional status. She later died due to abdominal sepsis. Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of adenocarcinoma of the duodenum are variable and nonspecific. It is a challenge to make an early diagnosis. We recommend considering the diagnostic possibility in patients with nausea, emesis, abdominal pain, and weight loss, which requires esophagogastroduodenoscopy and histological and immunohistochemical confirmation.

Introducción: el carcinoma primario de duodeno es una neoplasia maligna infrecuente; representa el 0,3%-0,5% de todos los carcinomas del tracto gastrointestinal y el 33%-45% de todos los carcinomas de intestino delgado. Caso clínico: paciente de sexo femenino de 57 años, con sintomatología gastrointestinal inespecífica y pérdida de peso no intencional a quien se le diagnosticó un adenocarcinoma difuso, infiltrante y ulcerado en el duodeno. Se planteó el manejo quirúrgico con duodenopancreatectomía; sin embargo, no pudo realizarse debido al deterioro del estado nutricional y posteriormente falleció como consecuencia de una sepsis abdominal. Conclusión: las manifestaciones clínicas del adenocarcinoma de duodeno son variables e inespecíficas, es un reto realizar un diagnóstico precoz. Se recomienda considerar la posibilidad diagnóstica en pacientes con síntomas de náuseas, emesis, dolor abdominal y pérdida de peso, que requiere la realización de esofagogastroduodenoscopia y confirmación histológica e inmunohistoquímica.

Large mucinous cystadenoma in pregnancy: a rare case report

Presence of ovarian tumors in pregnancy is uncommon. In most cases, they are benign, torsion is the most common complication. Management can be conservative or surgical depending on the size, clinical presentation, gestational age, available resources etc. advances in imaging techniques have made the decision making easier. We present a case of primigravida aged 24 years, with 18 weeks’ pregnancy with pain in abdomen. She had a large mass arising from the pelvis. Full work up was done. Imaging was suggestive of mucinous cystadenoma with bilateral hydronephrosis due to mass effect. Laparotomy was done and a 20 kg tumor was removed, histopathology confirmed a huge cystadenoma. Patient was discharged in a stable condition. The management of ovarian tumors in pregnancy can be challenging. Although the safety of antepartum surgical intervention is accepted, abdominal surgery will carry some risk to the pregnant woman and the unborn fetus. Surgery becomes necessary in the presence of rupture, torsion or malignancy.

Mucinous Cystadenoma Arising in a Uterine Isthmocele: A Case Report / Cistadenoma mucinoso surgindo em istmocele uterina: relato de caso

Abstract Isthmocele is a discontinuation of the myometrium at the uterine scar site in a patient with a previous cesarian section (CS). The cause of isthmocele appears to be multifactorial. Poor surgical technique, low incision location, uterine retroflection, obesity, smoking, inadequate healing of scars, and maternal age are possible related factors. Most patients with this condition are asymptomatic. However, women can present with postmenstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, subfertility, dysmenorrhea, infertility, and scar abscess. Brazil has one of the world s highest cesarean section rates. One of the consequences of the rising rate of CS is the isthmocele, an emerging female health problem. Here we report a case of mucinous cystadenoma arising in a uterine isthmocele, a complication, as far as we could investigate, not yet described in the literature.

Resumo Istmocele é a descontinuidade do miométrio no local da cicatriz uterina em paciente com cesariana anterior. A causa da istmocele parece ser multifatorial. Má técnica cirúrgica, baixa localização da incisão, retroflexão uterina, obesidade, tabagismo, cicatrização inadequada de cicatrizes e idade materna são possíveis fatores relacionados. A maioria dos pacientes com esta condição é assintomática. No entanto, as mulheres podem apresentar sangramento pós-menstrual, dor pélvica, subfertilidade, dismenorreia, infertilidade e abscesso cicatricial. O Brasil tem uma das maiores taxas de cesariana do mundo. Uma das consequências da taxa crescente de cesarianas é a istmocele, um problema emergente de saúde feminina. Aqui relatamos um caso de cistoadenoma mucinoso originado em uma istmocele uterina, uma complicação ainda não descrita, até onde pudemos investigar.

Carcinoma mucinoso de mama: una estirpe histológica rara de pronóstico favorable / Mucinous Carcinoma of the Breast: A Rare Histological Type with a Favorable Prognosis

Resumen El carcinoma mucinoso es una estirpe poco frecuente de cáncer de mama, la cual representa menos del 4% de todos los cánceres primarios. Suele presentarse en pacientes postmenopáusicas, alrededor de la séptima década de la vida. Clínicamente se caracteriza por manifestarse como un nódulo palpable, rara vez acompañado de otra sintomatología. Las herramientas de imagen, como la mastografía y el ultrasonido, son fundamentales para su diagnóstico; sin embargo, en algunas situaciones se puede subestimar el diagnóstico dado a las características similares que comparte con otras lesiones benignas. El diagnóstico definitivo se realiza por medio de histopatología. Debido a la rareza de estos tumores, no existe un consenso sobre el tratamiento más adecuado. Muchos autores concuerdan que la intervención quirúrgica continúa siendo la piedra angular, ya que tiene un impacto positivo en la supervivencia y baja incidencia de recurrencias. Esta se puede acompañar posteriormente de terapias endocrinas adyuvantes. Afortunadamente, el pronóstico de este tipo de tumores suele ser favorable, incluso la supervivencia supera el 90% a los 5 años.

Abstract Mucinous carcinoma is a rare type of breast cancer, which represents less than 4% of all primary cancers. It usually occurs in postmenopausal patients, around the seventh decade of life. Clinically, it is characterized by the presence of a palpable nodule, rarely accompanied by other symptoms. Imaging tools, such as mammogram and ultrasound, are essential for its diagnosis, however, in some situations the diagnosis can be underestimated due to the similar characteristics that it shares with other benign lesions. Definitive diagnosis is made by histopathology. Regarding treatment, there is no consensus on the most appropriate, due to the low incidence of these tumors. Many authors agree that surgical intervention continues to be the best option, showing a positive impact on survival and low recurrences. This can be accompanied later by adjuvant endocrine therapies. Fortunately, the prognosis of this type of tumor is usually favorable, even survival exceeds 90% at 5 years.