Dermatoses in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients with A Focus on Infections: A 12-month Cross-sectional Study in Hospital Sungai Buloh

Background@#Cutaneous disorders are common clinical manifestations of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). In the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the spectrum of cutaneous disorders in HIV-infected patients has changed. We assessed the types of dermatoses, including cutaneous infections in HIVpositive patients and the association between the peripheral CD4 cell count and the severity of skin infection.@*Methods@#All HIV-positive patients referred to the Dermatology Department of Hospital Sungai Buloh from January 2021 – December 2021 were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study. Patients were subjected to a complete medical and physical examination and appropriate investigation to confirm the diagnosis. @*Results@#A total of 112 (92.6%) male and 9 (7.4%) female patients with a mean age of 38.76 ± SD years participated. The majority of patients were Malay (56.2%), with MSM (54.5%) being the commonest mode of transmission. 65.2% of patients had CD4≥350 cells/ mm3 and 86.7% of patients were on ART. Infections (56.1%) were the most common group of mucocutaneous manifestations, with 45.6% of these due to viral infections. There was no statistically significant correlation between the CD4 count and the severity of skin involvement in bacterial (p=0.302), viral (p=0.145) and fungal (p=0.533) infections.@*Conclusion@#Viral infection were the commonest cutaneous manifestations in HIV- positive patients. The frequency and severity of the cutaneous infections were much more common in patients with more advanced immunosuppression.

Prevalence and Types of Mucocutaneous Disorders, Their Correlation to CD4 Count and Their Impact on Quality of Life in Adults with HIV Infection

Background@#Data on prevalence and type of mucocutaneous diseases in HIV-positive patients and their impact on quality of life (QoL) are sparse. We aim to determine prevalence and type of mucocutaneous disorders, their correlation to CD4+ counts and impact on QoL for adults with HIV, using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).@*Methods@#A cross-sectional study of HIV-infected adults seen in HIV and Dermatology Clinic.@*Results@#The majority (90%) of 174 participants recruited was male. Median age at diagnosis of HIV infection was 29 years (IQR 10). Mucocutaneous disorders were present in 90.2%, out of which 58.6% had two or more mucocutaneous disorders. Mean CD4+ count was significantly lower in patients with, compared to those without mucocutaneous disorders (363 vs 548 cells/µL; p=0.030). Infections accounted for 67.2% of all mucocutaneous disorders seen, followed by inflammatory dermatoses (51.7%), cutaneous adverse drug reactions (17.8%) and neoplasm (2.3%). The five most frequent manifestations were eczema (22.4%), anogenital warts (21.2%), candidiasis (16.7%), dermatophytosis (15.5%) and secondary syphilis (12.0%). Oral candidiasis, pruritic papular eruption, drug-induced maculopapular eruption and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms were significantly more prevalent in patients with CD4+ counts <200 cells/µL but anogenital warts were more prevalent in patients with CD4+ counts ≥200 cells/µL. The mean DLQI score was 8.39 (SD ± 6.83). QoL was severely impaired (DLQI >10) in 34.4%.@*Conclusion@#Mucocutaneous disorders were common in HIV patients causing significant impairment in quality of life. Prevalence co-related with low CD4+ counts. Adequate management of HIV may reduce the prevalence of mucocutaneous disorders and improve QoL.

Male preponderance in HIV seropositive patients with mucocutaneous complaints in a tertiary care hospital in North India

Objective: A panorama of mucocutaneous manifestations is seen at every stage of HIV. This study was done to study the sex prevalence in HIV/AIDS patients with mucocutaneous disorders. Methods: A total of 1 000 HIV seropositive patients attending Skin-STD clinic, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar, for any dermatologic complaints were studied in respect to the sex group preponderance. Results: Males constituted the majority as 75.6% while females were 24.4%. Conclusions: Women, in most of the cases, get infected from their spouses, who have acquired infection through extramarital sexual contact. HIV infection in female patients increases the risk of HIV transmission to neonates and infants, thus further spreading the HIV in a community. So it is very crucial to initiate early preventive measures to reduce HIV burden.

Male preponderance in HIV seropositive patients with mucocutaneous complaints in a tertiary care hospital in North India

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A panorama of mucocutaneous manifestations is seen at every stage of HIV. This study was done to study the sex prevalence in HIV/AIDS patients with mucocutaneous disorders.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1 000 HIV seropositive patients attending Skin-STD clinic, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar, for any dermatologic complaints were studied in respect to the sex group preponderance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Males constituted the majority as 75.6% while females were 24.4%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Women, in most of the cases, get infected from their spouses, who have acquired infection through extramarital sexual contact. HIV infection in female patients increases the risk of HIV transmission to neonates and infants, thus further spreading the HIV in a community. So it is very crucial to initiate early preventive measures to reduce HIV burden.</p>

Manifestaciones muco-cutáneas de la infección por Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Presentación de cuatro casos / Mucocutaneous findings of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: Presentation of four cases

The mucocutaneous manifestations oí Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection appear in approximately 20 percent of all the infections produced by this microorganism. Maculopapular rash, vesicular or urticarial exanthemas, are frequent manifestations that can constitute Erythema multiforme or more rarely, Stevens - Johnson syndrome or epidermal toxic necrolisis. We describe the clinical evolution, diagnosis and treatment of four children with mucous and cu-taneous manifestations associated to infection by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and a review of the medical literature.

El compromiso muco-cutáneo de la infección por Mycoplasma pneumoniae se presenta en aproximadamente 20 por ciento de todas las enfermedades producidas por este microorganismo. Frecuentemente se manifiesta con lesiones máculo-papulares, vesiculosas o urticariales, que pueden constituir el eritema multiforme, más raramente síndrome de Stevens-Johnson o necrosis epidérmica tóxica. Describimos la evolución clínica, diagnóstico y el tratamiento administrado a cuatro niños que presentaron manifestaciones de piel y mucosas en relación a la infección por Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Se efectuó además una revisión de la literatura médica.

Manifestaciones cutáneas de la infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana en niños de Santiago de Chile / Skin diseases in human immunodeficiency virus positive children from Santiago, Chile

Children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may develop severe, refractary mucocutaneous manifestations that may be the initiating symptom of HIV infection. In this study we examined the skin of all HIV positive children receiving medical care in the public health care system in Santiago, Chile,. We detected mucocutaneous manifestations in 37/66 (56 percent) children from 7 months to 12 years of age. The most commonly encountered dermatologic manifestations were of infectious origin, mostly fungal (7.5 percent) and viral (7.5 percent) infections. With the increase in pediatric HIV patients worldwide, it is important to recognize skin manifestations of HIV positive children. This is the first published series of skin diseases in HIV positive children in Chile.

Los niños infectados por el virus de la inmunode-ficiencia humana, VIH, pueden presentar variadas manifestaciones mucocutáneas, muchas veces más graves y más difíciles de tratar que las de los niños sanos. Los trastornos de la piel o de las mucosas pueden proporcionar un indicador temprano de infección pediátrica por VIH. Para este estudio fueron examinados todos los niños infectados con VIH, atendidos en el sistema público de salud en Santiago de Chile. Registramos 66 niños con rango de edades entre 7 meses y 12 años. Las manifestaciones muco-cutáneas fueron encontradas en 37 (56 por ciento). Los hallazgos dermatológicos más observados fueron las enfermedades infecciosas, de las cuales las infecciones micóticas y virales fueron las más frecuentes. Con el aumento del número de pacientes pediátricos infectados por el VIH en el mundo, es muy importante reconocer las manifestaciones cutáneas, ya que pueden permitir realizar un diagnóstico precoz de la infección por VIH. Este es la primera serie clínica publicada acerca de las enfermedades de la piel en niños con infección por VIH en Chile.

A Study of Mucocutaneous Manifestations Due to Cancer Chemotherapy / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Recently, inireaing numbers of chemotherapeutic agens are being used to treat cancer patients. Mucocutaeous complications are commonly sen in association with the administration of these medicaticins. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a study in cancer chemotherapy patient so determine the suspected chemotherapeutic agents ancl frequency of various mucocutaneous side effects in these patients. METHODS: The study involved 140 patients admitted from Decerrae 1993 to September 1994 for cancer chemot herapy at Korea University Guro Hospital. RESULTS: The mucocutaneous side effects during chemotherapy were alopecia(55%), hyperpig mentation(32.9%), stomatitis(20%), phlebitis(12.9%), flushing(8.6%) descending order. Visual grade II, IV alopecia patients were most common, but as the chemot retpy cycle increased so, the severer the alopecia. Although the onset of the alopecia were variake many patients experienced alopcia within 17 to 24 days after the start of chemotherapy. Serpeitie supravenous fluorouracil hyperpigmentation were commor,(17.9%), Diffuse and longitudinal or horizontal band like nail pigmentation were observed, and, pigmented macules were also observei, epecially on the palms and digits. Stomatitis usually developed within 10 days after the start of chemotherapy and it persist ed for about 7 days and the most of the lesions were resolved spor Laeously. Other clinical manifestations accompanied with chmotherapy were tinea infection(16.4%), acne(7.1%), oral thrush (7%), white nail band(4.3%), pruritus(2.9%) in descending order. CONCLUSION: So, physiciars need to be aware of the widely divergnal cutaneous reactions which may occur with the use of antiancer medications.