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1.
China Pharmacy ; (12): 896-900, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1013557

ABSTRACT

As a glucocorticoid drug with wide clinical application, triamcinolone acetonide can be administered by multiple routes, such as eye, nose, joint cavity, and skin, for the treatment of various local diseases such as arthritis, macular edema, rhinitis, and urticaria. As a drug with extremely low solubility in water, the dose form of triamcinolone acetonide is closely correlated with administration route and site. The dosage form of triamcinolone acetonide administered via injection(including joint cavity injection, vitreous injection, suprachoroidal injection, intramuscular injection) is mainly suspension, and the representative drugs include Kenalog-40®, Zilretta®, Triesence®, Xipere®, etc.; the dosage forms of nasal mucosal administration are mostly sprays, and the representative drug is Nasacort®; the dosage forms of oral mucosal administration are mostly patches, ointments and creams, and the representative drug is Oracort®; the dosage forms for transdermal administration are mostly ointments, creams and lotions, and the representative drugs include Trianex®, Teva-Triacomb®, etc. At present, the research on dosage forms of triamcinolone acetonide by various administration routes mainly focuses on the construction of delivery carriers, the addition of cosolvents or the use of new delivery tools.

2.
Chinese Journal of Biologicals ; (12): 257-262, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1013385

ABSTRACT

@#Objective To prepare recombinant F protein vaccine of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) and evaluate its immunization effect.Methods Two RSV vaccines based on RSV F protein were prepared:one was a mucosal vaccine with bacterial like particle(BLP)as adjuvant and the other was an injectable vaccine with aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant.Forty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups:BLP-F,BLP control,AL-F and AL control group,with 10mice in each group.BLP-F and BLP control group were inoculated intranasally,and AL-F and AL control group were inoculated subcutaneously.The mice were immunized once each at day 0,14 and 28,respectively.Two weeks after the last immunization,the titers of serum IgG antibody and IgA antibody in nasal lotion were detected by ELISA,and the titers of neutralizing antibody were detected by plaque test.Results Both vaccines induced high levels of serum binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies,and the induction capacity of injected vaccine was stronger than that of mucosal vaccine.The injected vaccine induced the increase of IgG in serum,which was about 10 times higher than the mucosal immune response,but could not induce the increase of IgA.However,the mucosal vaccine induced the high level of mucosal IgA,but the serum IgG antibody was relatively low.Conclusion Both vaccines based on RSV F protein are promising candidates,and each vaccine has its own advantages.Follow-up studies will evaluate the feasibility of these two vaccines as immunogens using a combination immunization approach to simultaneously enhance systemic and mucosal immune responses against RSV.

3.
Chinese Journal of Biologicals ; (12): 234-238, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1006864

ABSTRACT

@#Adjuvant is the key factor for many new vaccines to play a protective role. The addition of adjuvant can not only reduce the amount of antigen,but also increase the immunogenicity of its antigen,and stimulate the strong immune response of body. Chitosan,as the product of natural polysaccharide chitin removing part of acetyl group,has the characteristics of adhesion,permeability,biocompatibility and so on,and has been widely studied and applied as a vaccine adjuvant. As a novel adjuvant,it can not only help to induce cellular and humoral immunity,but also activate mucosal immunity. This review discussed the recent progress of chitosan and quaternized chitosan as vaccine adjuvants and the related mechanism.

4.
Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases ; (12): 202-208, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1006858

ABSTRACT

Objective@#To investigate the clinical effects of sinus elevation surgery and implant restorationdue to insufficient bone massafter tooth extraction in patients with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) and to provide a reference for use in clinical practice.@*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Forty-five teeth were extracted from patients with OMS in the maxillary posterior area (the study group). Sinus elevation and implantation were performed due to insufficient bone height in the implant area 6-8 months after tooth extraction in the study group. Forty-eight teeth were extracted from patients without "OMS" in the maxillary posterior area (the control group), and sinus elevation and implantation were performed due to insufficient bone height in the implant area 6-8 months after tooth extraction inthe control group. In the study group, 13 cases of discontinuous maxillary sinus floor bone and residual alveolar bone height of the maxillary sinus floor less than 4 mm were addressed with lateral wall sinus elevation, and the other 32 cases were addressed with crest-approach sinus elevation. In the control group, 8 cases of residual alveolar bone height less than 4 mm in the maxillary sinus floor were addressed with lateral wall sinus,and the other 40 cases were addressed with crest approach sinus elevation. Restorations were placed 6 to 8 months after surgery. The patients were followed up 21 days, 3 months, and 8 months after implantation and every 6 months after the placement of the restorations. The sinus bone gain (SBG), apical bone height (ABL) and marginal bone loss (MBL) were statistically analyzed 24 months after the restoration.@*Results@#The average preoperative mucosal thickness in the 45 patients in the study group was (1.556 ± 0.693) mm, which was significantly larger than that in the control group (1.229 ± 0.425) mm (P<0.001). There were no perforations in either group. Twenty-four months after restoration, there was no significant difference in the SBG, ABH or MBL between the two groups (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#After the extraction of teeth from patients with OMS, the inflammation of the maxillary sinus decreased, and the bone height and density in the edentulous area were restored to a certain degree. The effects of sinus floor lifting surgery and implant restoration do not differ between patients with and without OMS.

5.
Journal of Prevention and Treatment for Stomatological Diseases ; (12): 108-115, 2024.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1006355

ABSTRACT

Objective@#To evaluate the stability and aesthetic effect of a xenogeneic collagen matrix (mucograft) on achieving an adequate keratinized mucosa width (KMW) around implants and to provide a reference basis for the clinical application of xenogeneic collagen matrix materials.@*Methods@#The hospital ethics committee approved the study protocol, and the patients provided informed consent. Twenty patients with a KMW<2 mm at the buccal implant site who were treated in Binzhou Medical University Affiliated Yantai Stomatological Hospital from July 2020 to September 2022 were included, and a total of 36 implants were included. The mean age of the patients was (52.0±10.4) years, of which 18 were females and 2 were males. They were divided into a free gingival graft group (FGG, control group) and a xenogeneic collagen matrix group (test group) according to different graft materials. The incremental effect of the KMW on the buccal side of the implant and the mucosal shrinkage rate was measured at 1 month and 3 months after the operation. The mucosal scar index (MSI) was evaluated after the operation.@*Results@#At 3 months postoperatively, the KMW was (3.67 ± 1.06) mm in the control group and (2.96 ± 0.98) mm in the test group, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 2.076, P<0.05). The KMW shrinkage rate was (33.34 ± 16.30) % in the test group and (22.05 ± 15.47) % in the control group at 1 month postoperatively and (51.95 ± 12.60) % in the test group and (37.44 ± 16.30) % in the control group at 3 months postoperatively, with statistically significant differences between the two groups at the same time points (P<0.05). Three months after surgery, the test group showed significantly better outcomes than the control group in terms of the five scar indicators (scar width, scar convexity, scar color, scar trace, and overall appearance), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Xenogeneic collagen matrix can increase the peri-implant KMW and achieve a more natural and coordinated soft tissue aesthetic effect but with a higher shrinkage rate.

6.
Rev. ADM ; 80(5): 287-291, sept.-oct. 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1531880

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Laugier-Hunziker (SLH) es un trastorno de hiperpigmentación macular benigno adquirido que se caracteriza por la presencia de máculas hiperpigmentadas policrómicas, de superficie plana, con morfología lenticular oval, de márgenes definidos; parte importante de éste es el desarrollo de melanoniquia longitudinal. Su principal diagnóstico diferencial es el síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers, ya que este último tiende a desarrollar neoplasias malignas en el tracto digestivo. Es importante que el estomatólogo conozca el SLH, con la finalidad de poder diagnosticarlo y diferenciarlo de otras entidades, particularmente de aquellas de carácter maligno (AU)


Laugier-Hunziker syndrome (LHS) is an acquired benign macular hyperpigmentation disorder, characterized by the presence of polychromic hyperpigmented macules, with a smooth surface, with oval lenticular morphology, with defined margins; An important part of this is the development of longitudinal melanonychia. Its main differential diagnosis is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, since it tends to develop malignant neoplasms in the digestive tract. It is important that the Stomatologist knows the LHS, in order to be able to diagnose it and differentiate it from other entities, even those of a malignant nature (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Pigmentation Disorders , Hyperpigmentation , Diagnosis, Differential , Mexico , Mouth Mucosa/injuries
7.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 86(1): 52-59, Jan.-Feb. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1403472

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients with trichiasis treated with a modified interlamellar oral mucosa graft surgery technique using fibrin glue. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Oculoplastic Department of Ouro Verde Hospital Complex. Patients with recurrent trichiasis without entropion who did not respond to conventional therapy, underwent intermarginal lamellar splitting of the eyelid and oral mucous graft insertion with fibrin glue replacing sutures. They were then evaluated at 1-day, 1-week, 1-month, 6-month, and 4-year follow-ups. Graft adherence, symptom resolution, esthetic satisfaction, overall patient satisfaction, and trichiasis recurrence were assessed at 6-month and 4-year follow-ups. Results: Fifteen patients (a total of 19 eyes) were included, of whom 10 (66.7%) were female and 5 (33.3%) were male. The mean age was 75.4 ± 10.5 years (range, 54-98 years). Acquired trichiasis was the main cause. Of the patients with acquired trichiasis, 12 (86.7%) had chronic blepharitis, 2 (13.3%) had an undetermined cause, and one (6.7%) had trachomatous trichiasis. Most cases involved only one eyelid segment (89.4%) and =5 lashes (84.2%; minor trichiasis). No adverse reactions from the fibrin glue were reported and no sutures were required after graft placement. At 6 months, no graft failures occurred, 17 eyes of 13 patients (89.4%) showed good graft adherence, 2 eyes of 2 patients (10.5%) showed partial graft adherence, and 2 eyes of 1 patient (10.5%) had trichiasis recurrence. At 4-year follow-up, no graft failure occurred, 3 patients (3 eyes) were lost to follow-up, and 2 eyes of 2 patients (14.2%) had trichiasis recurrence. The 4-year cumulative success rate was 78.9%. Conclusions: The modified interlamellar surgery with fibrin glue showed a good long-term success rate. This technique reduces surgical time, facilitates smaller graft insertion, and therefore, should be considered for recalcitrant minor trichiasis without entropion.>


RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os resultados a longo prazo da técnica cirúrgica modificada de enxerto interlamelar de mucosa oral usando cola de fibrina para o tratamento de triquíase. Métodos: Um estudo prospectivo foi realizado no Departamento de Óculo-plástica do Complexo Hospital Ouro Verde. Pacientes com triquíase recorrente sem entrópio, que não responderam à terapia convencional, foram submetidos à cirurgia com separação intermarginal das lamelas das pálpebras e inserção de enxerto de mucosa oral usando cola de fibrina, substituindo a sutura. Pacientes foram avaliados 1 dia, 7 dias, 1 mês, 6 meses e 4 anos após a cirurgia. A aderência do enxerto, resolução dos sintomas, satisfação estética, satisfação geral do paciente e recorrência de triquíase foram avaliados aos 6 meses e aos 4 anos. Resultados: Quinze pacientes (total de 19 olhos) foram incluídos, dos quais 10 (66.7%) eram do sexo feminino e 5 (33.3%) do sexo masculino. A média de idade foi 75.4 ± 10.5 anos (intervalo 54-98 anos). Triquíase adquirida foi a principal causa, da qual 12 pacientes apresentaram blefarite crônica (86.7%), 2 pacientes com causa indeterminada (13.3%) e 1 paciente com triquíase tracomatosa (6.7%). A maioria dos casos envolveu apenas um segmento da pálpebra (89.4%) e com =5 cílios (84.2%; triquíase menor). Nenhuma reação adversa foi reportada com o uso da cola de fibrina e nenhum caso necessitou de sutura após inserção do enxerto. Aos 6 meses, não houve nenhuma falha de enxerto, 17 olhos de 13 pacientes (89.4%) apresentaram boa aderência de enxerto, 2 olhos de 2 pacientes (10.5%) mostraram aderência parcial do enxerto e 2 olhos de 1 paciente (10.5%) apresentaram recorrência da triquíase. Aos 4 anos, não houve nenhuma falha de enxerto, 3 olhos de 3 pacientes tiveram perda de seguimento e 2 olhos de 2 pacientes (14.2%) apresentaram recorrência da triquíase. A taxa de sucesso acumulativa após 4 anos foi de 78.9%. Conclusão: A cirurgia modificada de enxerto interlamelar de mucosa oral usando cola de fibrina mostrou uma boa taxa de sucesso a longo prazo. Esta técnica reduz o tempo cirúrgico, facilita a inserção de enxertos menores e, portanto, deve ser considerada em triquíase menor sem entrópio resistente ao tratamento convencional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Fibrin Tissue Adhesive , Mouth Mucosa , Fibrin Tissue Adhesive/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies
8.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507403

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the factors associated with mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) within the scope of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) cases reported in Brazil. Surveillance data were assessed, and comparisons were made between ML and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases. Additionally, ML incidence rates for municipalities were depicted through a geographic information system. From 2007 to 2017, 235,489 TL cases were reported, of which 235,232 were classified as follows: 14,204 (6%) were ML cases and 221,028 (94%) were CL cases. Multivariate analysis showed that the proportion of ML cases reached 16.8% among individuals >75 years (adjusted OR = 2.77; 95% CI = 2.41-3.19; p < 0.001), and ML was also more frequent among males (aOR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.20-1.38; p < 0.001), HIV-positive patients (aOR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.80-2.56; p < 0.001), patients residing in urban areas (aOR = 1.52; 95% CI = 1.43-1.62; p < 0.001), and imported cases (with respect to county) when compared to autochthonous cases (aOR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.71-1.98; p < 0.001). A lower proportion of positive results in direct parasitological examinations was observed in ML cases (32.6% vs. 60.8%; p < 0.001). The leishmanin skin test results were more often positive in ML cases (41.7% vs. 25.9%; p < 0.001). In ML, compatible changes in histopathology were more frequent (14.6% vs. 3.9%; p < 0.001). A greater proportion of ML cases were treated with amphotericin B (6.9% vs. 0.9%; p < 0.001). The case-fatality rate was higher in ML (0.6% vs. 0.1%; p < 0.001). A higher incidence of ML was observed in a geographical band extending across the Amazon region from the southern Para State to the Acre State. ML exhibited varying frequencies within specific populations. The definition of predictable factors predisposing Leishmania-infected subjects to develop ML is important for defining strategies to mitigate the mucosal damage caused by leishmaniasis.

9.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 56: e12946, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1520470

ABSTRACT

The role of cyclooxygenase (COXs) isoforms in maintaining colonic mucosal integrity is not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the role of COX-1 and -2 on colonic mucosal integrity in an experimental colitis model. Colitis was induced in Wistar rats by intracolonic administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (20 mg + 50% ethanol). The control group (sham group) received saline only. After 7, 14, or 28 days, colonic samples were removed, and macroscopic lesion scores, wet weight, myeloperoxidase activity, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) were determined. In other rat groups, colonic samples from the sham group and a 7th day post-colitis group were mounted in Üssing chambers with the luminal side exposed to a buffer solution (control), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), SC-560 (COX-1 inhibitor), or celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor). TER and epithelial permeability to fluorescein were measured. The 7th day colitis group had higher macroscopic damage scores, wet weight, and myeloperoxidase activity and lower basal TER than the sham, 14th day colitis, and 28th day colitis groups. Inhibition of COX-1 but not COX-2 significantly decreased TER and increased permeability to fluorescein in the 7th day post-colitis group compared to the sham group. Additionally, ASA decreased the colonic mucosal integrity on day seven post-colitis compared to the sham group. A decrease in the colonic mucosa integrity in the experimental colitis model can be aggravated only by the inhibition of COX-1, which demonstrated the importance of this enzyme in the maintenance of colonic mucosal integrity.

10.
ABCD (São Paulo, Online) ; 36: e1733, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447003

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is among the most common malignancies worldwide. Colonoscopy is the examination of choice for the prevention of CRC because of its great diagnostic and, especially, therapeutic capacity in relation to adenomatous lesions. AIMS: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence, macroscopic, and histological characteristics of polypoid rectal lesions resected through endoscopic techniques and assess whether endoscopic therapy is safe and efficient for treating lesions located in the rectum. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study with an analysis of the medical records of all patients undergoing resection of rectal polyps. RESULTS: A total of 123 patients with rectal lesions were evaluated, with 59 men and 64 women of mean age 56 years. All patients underwent endoscopic resection: 70% with polypectomy and 30% with wide mucosectomy. Complete colonoscopy with removal of the entire rectal lesion occurred in 91%, while in 5% the preparation was inadequate and poor clinical conditions were an impeditive factor, and in 4% surgical treatment was indicated because there was an infiltrative lesion with central ulceration. Histological evaluation showed adenomas in 3.25%, hyperplasia in 7.32%, and hamartoma in 0.81%; low-grade dysplasia was identified in 34.96%, high-grade dysplasia in 51.22%, and adenocarcinoma in 1.63%, while one case (0.81%) was classified as erosion. CONCLUSIONS: Polyps in the rectum are common and were found in 37% of these colonoscopies. Adenomas with dysplasia were the most common form of Colorectal cancer . Therapeutic colonoscopy proved to be a safe and efficient method for the complete treatment of rectal lesions.


RESUMO RACIONAL: O câncer colorretal (CCR) está entre as neoplasias mais comuns em todo o mundo. A colonoscopia é o exame de escolha para prevenção por sua grande capacidade diagnóstica e, principalmente, terapêutica em relação às lesões adenomatosas. OBJETIVOS: Analisar a prevalência, as características macroscópicas e histológicas das lesões polipoides retais ressecadas por técnicas endoscópicas e avaliar se a terapia endoscópica é segura e eficaz para o tratamento de lesões localizadas no reto. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional retrospectivo com análise dos prontuários de todos os pacientes submetidos à ressecção de pólipos retais. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 123 pacientes com lesões retais: 59 homens e 64 mulheres com idade média de 56 anos. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à ressecção endoscópica: 70% com polipectomia e 30% com mucosectomia ampla. A colonoscopia completa com retirada de toda a lesão retal ocorreu em 91%, enquanto em 5% o preparo foi inadequado e as más condições clínicas foram fator impeditivo, e em 4% o tratamento cirúrgico foi indicado por haver lesão infiltrativa com ulceração central. A avaliação histológica mostrou adenomas em 3,25%, hiperplasia em 7,32% e hamartoma em 0,81%; displasia de baixo grau foi identificada em 34,96%, displasia de alto grau em 51,22% e adenocarcinoma em 1,63%, enquanto um caso (0,81%) foi classificado como erosão. CONCLUSÕES: Pólipos no reto são comuns e foram encontrados em 37% das colonoscopias. Adenomas com displasia foram a forma mais comum de câncer colorretal. A colonoscopia terapêutica mostrou-se método seguro e eficiente para o tratamento completo das lesões retais.

11.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 59: e21769, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439514

ABSTRACT

Abstract Currently, mucosal vaccine administration has stood out as an easier and non-invasive application method. It can also be used to induce local and systemic immune responses. In the COVID-19 pandemic context, nasal and oral vaccines have been developed based on different technological platforms. This review addressed relevant aspects of mucosal vaccine administration, with emphasis on oral and nasal vaccinations, in addition to the importance of using nanotechnology-based delivery systems to enable these strategies.


Subject(s)
Vaccines/analysis , Vaccination/adverse effects , Nanotechnology/instrumentation , Immunity/immunology
12.
Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences ; (6): 156-161, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-982030

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effect of progressive pre-disconnection of urethral mucosal flap during transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation of prostate (TUPEP) on early recovery of urinary continence.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) admitted in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University during February and May 2022 were collected. All the patients underwent TUPEP, and the progressive pre-disconnection of urethral mucosal flap was performed in the procedure. The total operation time, enucleation time, postoperative bladder irrigation time and catheter indwelling time were recorded. Urinary continence was evaluated 24 h, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6 months after the removal of urinary catheter.@*RESULTS@#All surgeries were successfully completed at one time with less intraoperative bleeding, and there were no complications such as rectal injury, bladder injury or perforation of prostate capsule. The total operation time was (62.2±6.5) min, the enucleation time was (42.8±5.2) min, the postoperative hemoglobin decrease by (9.5±4.5) g/L, the postoperative bladder irrigation time was (7.9±1.4) h, and the postoperative catheter indwelling time was 10.0 (9.2, 11.4) h. Only 2 patients (3.6%) had transient urinary incontinence within 24 h after catheter removal. No urinary incontinence occurred at 1 week, and 1, 3, 6 months after operation, and no safety pad was needed. The Qmax at 1 month after operation was 22.3 (20.6, 24.4) mL/s, international prostate symptom scores were 8.0 (7.0, 9.0), 5.0 (4.0, 6.0) and 4.0 (3.0, 4.0) at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery, and quality of life scores at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery were 3.0 (2.0, 3.0), 2.0 (1.0, 2.0) and 1.0 (1.0, 2.0), all of these indicators were better than those before surgery (all P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In the treatment of BPH, the application of progressive pre-disconnection of urethral mucosal flap in TUPEP can completely remove the hyperplastic glands and promote early recovery of postoperative urinary continence with less perioperative bleeding and decreased surgical complications.


Subject(s)
Male , Humans , Prostate , Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery , Transurethral Resection of Prostate/methods , Quality of Life , Urinary Bladder , Urinary Incontinence/surgery , Treatment Outcome
13.
Chinese Journal of Biotechnology ; (12): 1759-1772, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-981168

ABSTRACT

Bacillus cereus is a common foodborne pathogen. Accidently eating food contaminated by B. cereus will cause vomiting or diarrhea, and even death in severe cases. In the present study, a B. cereus strain was isolated from spoiled rice by streak culture. The pathogenicity and drug resistance of the isolated strain were analyzed by drug sensitivity test and PCR amplification of virulence-associated gene respectively. Cultures of the purified strain were injected intraperitoneally into mice to examine their effects on intestinal immunity-associated factors and gut microbial communities, to provide references for the pathogenic mechanism and medication guidance of these spoilage microorganisms. The results showed that the isolated B. cereus strain was sensitive to norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, minocycline, ciprofloxacin, spectinomycin, clindamycin, erythrocin, clarithromycin, chloramphenicol, levofloxacin, and vancomycin, but resistant to bactrim, oxacillin and penicillin G. The strain carries seven virulence-associated genes including hblA, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, nheC and entFM, which are involved in diarrhea-causing toxins production. After infecting mice, the isolated B. cereus strain was found to cause diarrhea in mice, and the expression levels of immunoglobulins and inflammatory factors in the intestinal mucosae of the challenged mice were significantly up-regulated. Gut microbiome analysis showed that the composition of gut microbial community in mice changed after infection with B. cereus. The abundance of the uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae in Bacteroidetes, which is a marker of body health, was significantly decreased. On the other hand, the abundance of uncultured_bacterium_f_Enterobacteriaceae, which is an opportunistic pathogen in Proteobacteria and a marker of dysbacteriosis, was significantly increased and was significantly positively correlated with the concentrations of IgM and IgG. These results showed that the pathogenic B. cereus carrying diarrhea type virulence-associated gene can activate the immune system by altering the composition of gut microbiota upon infection.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Bacillus cereus/metabolism , Food Microbiology , Immunity, Mucosal , Diarrhea , Microbiota , Enterotoxins/genetics
14.
Journal of Clinical Hepatology ; (12): 1134-1143, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-973204

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the expression and role of the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in intestinal mucosal barrier injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham-operation group (Sham group), SAP model group (SAP group), SAP+Shh signaling pathway-specific agonist purmorphamine group (PUR+SAP group), and SAP+Shh signaling pathway-specific antagonist cyclopamine group (CYC+SAP group) using a random number table, with 12 rats in each group, and each group was further divided into 12-hour and 24-hour subgroups, with 6 rats in each subgroup. Rats were given retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic and bile ducts to establish a model of SAP, and rats in the intervention groups were given intraperitoneal injection of 0.69 mg/kg purmorphamine and 0.69 mg/kg cyclopamine before modeling. Related samples were collected at 12 and 24 hours after modeling. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the pancreas and the ileum; ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of amylase, lipase, diamine oxidase (DAO), and endotoxin-core antibody (EndoCAb); the TUNEL method was used to observe the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells; Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of Shh, Ptch1, and Gli1 in ileal tissue. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups; the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups and further comparison between two groups. Results Compared with the Sham group, the SAP group had significant increases in the pathological scores of pancreatic and ileum tissue, the serum levels of lipase, amylase, DAO, and EndoCAb, the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, and the protein expression levels of Shh, Ptch1, and Gli1 in ileal tissue (all P < 0.05). Compared with the SAP group, the PUR+SAP group had significantly alleviated pathological injury and dysfunction of the pancreas and intestine, a significant reduction in the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, and significant increases in the protein expression levels of Shh, Ptch1, and Gli1 in ileal tissue (all P < 0.05). Compared with the SAP group, the CYC+SAP group had significant aggravation of the pathological injury and dysfunction of the pancreas and intestine, a significant increase in the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, and significant reductions in the protein expression levels of Shh, Ptch1, and Gli1 in ileal tissue (all P < 0.05). Conclusion The Shh signaling pathway may be involved in intestinal mucosal barrier injury in SAP and exerts a protective effect.

15.
China Pharmacy ; (12): 929-934, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-972262

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Ganbao capsules on intestinal mucosal barrier and gut microbiota in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to explore its mechanism of prevention and treatment of NAFLD. METHODS Eight of 26 SD rats were randomly selected as blank group and fed with ordinary diet, and the remaining 18 rats were fed with high diet to establish NAFLD model (2 for modeling inspection); after successful modeling, they were divided into model group and Ganbao group, with 8 rats in each group. Ganbao group were given Ganbao capsules solution (1 440 mg/kg) intragastrically, and the blank group and model group were given the constant volume of distilled water intragastrically, once a day, for consecutive 5 weeks. The contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and triglyceride (TG) in serum of rats were detected by automatic analyzer; the contents of lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in serum of rats were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological morphology of liver and ileum tissues were observed by HE staining, the expressions of Occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were detected by immunohistochemistry method, and the intestinal flora were detected by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing technology. RESULTS Compared with the model group, the serum contents of ALT, AST, TG, lipopolysaccharide, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in Ganbao group were decreased significantly (P<0.01), the pathological changes of liver and ileum tissues were improved 262 significantly, and the expressions of Occludin and ZO-1 were increased significantly (P<0.01). Intestinal microbiotaanalysis revealed that compared with the model group, Ganbao capsules could recover the abundance and diversity of the gut E-mail:hdf8833@126.com microbiota in rats. At the phylum level, Ganbao capsules could significantly increase the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, and significantly reduce the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (P<0.01). At the genus level, Ganbao capsules could significantly increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Blautia, Bacteroides and Akkermansia, and significantly reduce the relative abundance of Prevotella, Turicibacter, Weissella, SMB53 and Desulfovibrio (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There were different species among the gut microbiota of rats in each group. CONCLUSIONS Ganbao capsules may improve NAFLD by protecting intestinal mucosal barrier function and regulating gut probiotics/harmful bacteria structure.

16.
Journal of Clinical Hepatology ; (12): 562-566, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-971893

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the change in mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) lymphocytes in peripheral blood of children with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and its clinical significance. Methods A total of 18 children with MAFLD who attended Hunan Children's Hospital from March to May, 2022, were enrolled as MAFLD group, and 20 normal children who attended the hospital during the same period of time were enrolled as control group. Peripheral blood samples were collected, and flow cytometry was used to measure the percentages of MAIT lymphocytes (CD3 + CDl61 + TCRVα7.2 + cells), different MAIT lymphocyte subsets (CD4 + CD8 - MAIT cells, CD4 - CD8 - MAIT lymphocytes, CD4 - CD8 + MAIT lymphocytes, and CD4 + CD8 + MAIT lymphocytes), and MAIT lymphocytes expressing PD-1, CD69, perforin, CD107α, CXCR3, CXCR6, and CCR6. The correlation of MAIT lymphocyte frequency with liver inflammation, fat content, and fibrosis degree was analyzed. The t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups. The Spearman correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis. Results Compared with the control group, the MAFLD group had significant increases in the percentage of MAIT lymphocytes in peripheral blood, the percentages of MAIT cells expressing PD-1, CD69, CD107α, CXCR3, CXCR6 and CCR6, and the percentages of CD4 + CD8 - MAIT cells and CD4 + CD8 + MAIT lymphocytes among MAIT cell subsets (all P < 0.05), as well as a significant reduction in the percentage of CD4 - CD8 + MAIT cells among MAIT cell subsets ( P < 0.001). The percentages of CD4 + CD8 + MAIT lymphocytes and CD107α-positive MAIT lymphocytes were negatively correlated with alanine aminotransferase ( r =-0.474 and -0.550, P =0.047 and 0.018). Conclusion The migration of peripheral blood MAIT lymphocytes to the liver plays a protective role against liver inflammation in children with MAFLD.

17.
Journal of Integrative Medicine ; (12): 194-204, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-971652

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#This study was conducted to explore the mechanism of intestinal inflammation and barrier repair in Crohn's disease (CD) regulated by moxibustion through bile acid (BA) enterohepatic circulation and intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR).@*METHODS@#Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, CD model group, mild moxibustion group and herb-partitioned moxibustion group. CD model rats induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid were treated with mild moxibustion or herb-partitioned moxibustion at Tianshu (ST25) and Qihai (CV6). The changes in CD symptoms were rated according to the disease activity index score, the serum and colon tissues of rats were collected, and the pathological changes in colon tissues were observed via histopathology. Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the improvement of moxibustion on intestinal inflammation and mucosal barrier in CD by the BA-FXR pathway.@*RESULTS@#Mild moxibustion and herb-partitioned moxibustion improved the symptoms of CD, inhibited inflammation and repaired mucosal damage to the colon in CD rats. Meanwhile, moxibustion could improve the abnormal expression of BA in the colon, liver and serum, downregulate the expression of interferon-γ and upregulate the expression of FXR mRNA, and inhibit Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) mRNA. The IHC results showed that moxibustion could upregulate the expression of FXR and mucin2 and inhibit TLR4 expression. Western blot showed that moxibustion inhibited the protein expression of TLR4 and MyD88 and upregulated the expression of FXR. Immunofluorescence image analysis showed that moxibustion increased the colocalization sites and intensity of FXR with TLR4 or nuclear factor-κB p65. In particular, herb-partitioned moxibustion has more advantages in improving BA and upregulating FXR and TLR4 in the colon.@*CONCLUSION@#Mild moxibustion and herb-partitioned moxibustion can improve CD by regulating the enterohepatic circulation stability of BA, activating colonic FXR, regulating the TLR4/MyD88 pathway, inhibiting intestinal inflammation and repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier. Herb-partitioned moxibustion seems to have more advantages in regulating BA enterohepatic circulation and FXR activation. Please cite this article as: Shen JC, Qi Q, Han D, Lu Y, Huang R, Zhu Y, Zhang LS, Qin XD, Zhang F, Wu HG, Liu HR. Moxibustion improves experimental colitis in rats with Crohn's disease by regulating bile acid enterohepatic circulation and intestinal farnesoid X receptor. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(2): 194-204.


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Crohn Disease/pathology , Moxibustion/methods , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism , Colitis , Inflammation , Enterohepatic Circulation , RNA, Messenger/metabolism
18.
Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences) ; (6): 262-269, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-986847

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of anorectal mucosal melanoma (ARMM), and to evaluate the prognostic factors.@*METHODS@#A total of 68 primary ARMM surgical specimens from 2010 to 2018 were retrospectively studied. Slides were reviewed to evaluate pathological features. Slingluff staging method was used for staging.@*RESULTS@#(1) Clinical features: The median age at diagnosis in this group was 61.5 years, with a male-to-female ratio 1 ∶1.62. The most common complaint was blooding (49 cases). For anatomic site, anorectum was the prevalent (66.2%), followed by rectum (20.6%). At the time of diagnosis, 28 cases were stage Ⅰ (localized stage, 41.2%), 25 cases were stage Ⅱ (regional lymph node metastasis, 36.8%), and 15 cases were stage Ⅲ (distant metastasis, 22.1%). Five patients underwent wide local excision, the rest abdominoperineal resection, and 48 patients received adjuvant therapy after surgery. (2) Pathological features: Grossly 88.2% of the tumors were exophytic polypoid masses, with the median tumor size 3.5 cm and the median tumor thickness 1.25 cm. Depth of invasion below lamina muscularis mucosae ranged from 0-5.00 cm (median 1.00 cm). The deepest site of tumor invasion reached muscular layer in 27 cases, and perirectal tissue in 16 cases. Melanin pigmentation was absent or not obvious in 67.6% of the cases. The predominant cytology was epithelioid (45 cases, 66.2%). The rate for ulceration, necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion was 89.7%, 35.3%, 55.9%, and 30.9%, respectively. The median mitotic count was 18/mm2. The positive rate of S100, HMB-45 and Melan-A were 92.0%, 92.6% and 98.0%, respectively. The median of Ki-67 was 50%. The incidences of mutations within CKIT, BRAF and NRAS genes were 17.0% (9 cases), 3.8% (2 cases) and 9.4% (5 cases), respectively. (3) Prognosis: Survival data were available in 66 patients, with a median follow-up of 17 months and a median survival time of 17.4 months. The 1-year, 2-year and 5-year overall survival rate was 76.8%, 36.8% and 17.2%, respectively. The rate of lymphatic metastasis at diagnosis was 56.3%. Forty-nine patients (84.5%) suffered from distant metastasis, and the most frequent metastatic site was liver. Univariate analysis revealed that tumor size (>3.5 cm), depth of invasion below lamina muscularis mucosae (>1.0 cm), necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, BRAF gene mutation, lack of adjuvant therapy after surgery, deep site of tumor invasion, and high stage at diagnosis were all poor prognostic factors for overall survival. Multivariate model showed that lymphovascular invasion and BRAF gene mutation were independent risk factors for lower overall survival, and high stage at diagnosis showed borderline negative correlation with overall survival.@*CONCLUSION@#The overall prognosis of ARMM is poor, and lymphovascular invasion and BRAF gene mutation are independent factors of poor prognosis. Slingluff staging suggests prognosis effectively, and detailed assessment of pathological features, clear staging and genetic testing should be carried out when possible. Depth of invasion below lamina muscularis mucosae of the tumor might be a better prognostic indicator than tumor thickness.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Retrospective Studies , Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf , Prognosis , Melanoma/surgery
19.
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae ; (24): 52-59, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-984583

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of Renshen Baidusan in regulating adenylate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) autophagy pathway to inhibit mucosal barrier damage in the mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC). MethodSixty SD rats were randomized into normal, model, sulfasalazine enteric-coated tablets (0.312 5 g·kg-1, western medicine), and high-, medium-, and low-dose (31.2, 15.6, 7.8 g·kg-1, respectively) Renshen Baidusan groups. The UC model was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)/50% ethanol. The drugs were administrated by gavage for 2 weeks, and then the histopathological changes of the colon were examined. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was conducted to measure the mRNA level of AMP-activated protein kinase subunit alpha (AMPKα). Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of closure protein (Occludin), compact linking protein-2 (Claudin-2), autophagy marker p62, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B), phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), and phosphorylated ULK1 (p-ULK1). ResultCompared with the normal group, the model group showed increased colon injury score (P<0.05), down-regulated mRNA level of AMPKα (P<0.05) and protein levels of p-AMPK, p-ULK1, and Occludin, decreased LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio (P<0.05), and up-regulated protein levels of p62 and Claudin-2 (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, all the doses of Renshen Baidusan lowered the colon injury score, up-regulated the mRNA level of AMPKα and the protein levels of p-AMPK, p-ULK1, and Occluding, increased LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio, and down-regulated the protein levels of p62 and Claudin-2. Moreover, the medium-dose group showed a significant intervention effect (P<0.05). ConclusionRenshen Baidusan can protect the intestinal mucosal barrier from damage, and the medium dose showed the best efficacy. It may activate the AMPK/ULK1 pathway to accelerate the transformation of LC3Ⅰ to LC3Ⅱ and promote the degradation of p62, so as to improve the function of Occludin and Claudin-2 and repair the mechanical damage of the intestinal barrier.

20.
Philippine Journal of Urology ; : 19-22, 2023.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-984367

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To describe the technique and report the first transurethral buccal mucosal graft ventral inlay (Nikolavsky Technique) urethroplasty done in the Philippines, in a patient who had a fossa navicularis stricture extending to the distal penile urethra.@*METHODS@#Reported here is a case of a twenty-seven-year-old male who had a 40% distal urethral mucosal tear, as seen on initial cystoscopy, following traumatic catherization. The urethral tear was initially managed with a foley catheter maintained for a month. However, the patient eventually developed a 4 cm stricture extending from the fossa navicularis to the distal penile urethra. A ventral buccal mucosal graft was placed on the denuded urethral plate as an inlay patch via the transurethral route. No skin incisions nor penile degloving was done@*RESULTS@#Total operative time was four hours, including graft harvest time, with approximately 400 ml blood loss. The patient was sent home on the 3rd postoperative day. The urethral catheter was removed after 14 days. Post-operative follow-up was performed at 0-, 3- 6- and 12-months. A repeat voiding cystourethrogram was performed at 4 weeks showing no narrowing at the prior stricture site. On 12 months follow-up, uroflowmetry showed a Q-max of 20ml/sec with minimal residual urine. LUTS symptom scoring was at 7 and IIEF-5 score of 25@*CONCLUSION@#Repair of distal urethral strictures can be done using transurethral ventral buccal mucosa graft inlay urethroplasty. It can be challenging for longer strictures (>4 cm) but easily reproducible for shorter ones. The technique demonstrated good results on medium term follow-up. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case that utilized this technique in the Philippines.

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