ABSTRACT
Antheraea assamensis Helfer, popularly known as Muga silkworm, the golden silk producer of northeast India is economically important and unique among the Saturniid silkworms. In this study, the genetic diversity and phylogeny of semidomesticated and wild morphs of Muga silkwormcollected from different geographical locations of northeast India were investigated based on the sequences of five mitochondrial loci, i.e. 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, CoxI, Cytb and CR. All the five mitochondrial loci showed a strong bias towards higher ‘A’ and ‘T’ contents. Transitional substitutions were found to be more than the transversional substitutions. The rate of nucleotide substitution and average genetic divergence were found to be highest in CR sequences and lowest in 12S rRNA gene sequences among the morphs of Muga silkworm. The morphs collected from same geographical area had identical 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, CoxI and Cytb gene sequences. Moreover, the 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene sequences of somesemi-domesticated and wild morphs collected from different geographical locations were also found to be similar. In the phylogenetic trees generated based on themitochondrial loci, mixing of semi-domesticated and wild morphs was observed as they shared the same group. The information generated in this study will help in formulating strategies to conserve the natural biodiversity present among these unique silkworms in northeast India. In addition, this will be useful in identifying diverse morphs of Muga silkworm, which will help in effective breeding programmes to improve its productivity.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Adriamycin is one of the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs in breast cancer which induce cardiotoxicity ranges from benign arrhythmias to potentially lethal cardiomyopathy. Aim: To study on assessing adriamycin induced early cardiotoxicity in breast cancer with MUGA scan by estimating LVEF. Materials and methods: In this prospective study with a subject of 30 female patients, histologically confirmed breast cancer stage-I –III without any co-morbidities and higher risk factors (as per protocol) with baseline LVEF >50% estimated with TC-99M MUGA scan and 2D Echo received 4 cycles of AC + RT + Paclitoxal + HT. Chemotherapy given based on BSA with dosage of A=60 mg/m2 , C = 600 mg/m2; EBRT = 5040 Gy/5000 gy to chest wall and p=175 mg/m2 . Results: Out of 30 patients, 4 patients received320 mg; 14 patients received 360 mg; 4 patients received 380 mg; 5 patients received 400 mg; 1 patient received 340 mg; 1 patient received 450 mg and 1 patient received 600 mg. In all the patients there is a decline in LVEF from baseline to 1st MUGA scan and Baseline to 2nd MUGA scan. From baseline - 2 nd MUGA scan out of 30 patient, 3 patients had protocol defined decline LVEF i.e. <50% at doses of 380 mg, 400mg and 600 mg respectively i.e. 3 patients developed protocol defined subclinical cardiotoxicity. 2D Echo was also done in all patients at 3rd MUGA scan. In 2D Echo even though there is a decline in LVEF, no patient developed protocol defined subclinical cardiotoxicity. Mean and standard deviation (SD) was Bukya Sheela, Madisetty Adi Lakshmi, Chinta Sanjeeva Kumari. A study of assessing cardiotoxicity by MUGA technique in patients treated for carcinoma breast. IAIM, 2016; 3(10): 272-279. Page 273 51.97±2.72 for MUGA-3 based on null lypothesis, p value is scored as = 0.9 which is insignificant for adriamycin cardiotoxicity. Conclusions: Out weighing the benefits and risks at lower cumulative doses, adriamycin is still considered as treatment of choice. Specific cardiac monitoring guidelines should be formed to evaluate adriamycin cardiotoxicity
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Evaluating the segmental wall motion of left ventricle is important in patients with myocardial infarction for choosing therapeutic modality and predicting prognosis. Radionuclide Multigated Angiography(MUGA) is a reliable noninvasive method for the evaluation of left ventricular performance. Methods : MUGA scan(LV ejection fraction, phase image histogram, regional wall motion) was performed and analyzed in 45 patients with myocardial infarction(31 : acute MI, 14: old MI) and 13 normal controls. RESULTS: 1) The LVEF of acute and old MI group was significantly reduced and the SDph of acute and old MI group was significantly increased as compared with that of control group(p0.05), in old anterior MI(r=-0.65, 0.47, p>0.05) and in old inferior MI(r=-0.47, 0.46, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Phase angle(SDPh) is thought to be valuable index to evaluate left ventricular function with application of other indeces in Myocardial infarction. Left ventricular function measured by SDph in acute or anterior MI is lower than old or inferior MI.