Study of magnitude of grand multiparty and its perinatal outcome in a tertiary hospital of rural area in Maharashtra

Background: Grand multiparous pregnancies have been considered to be at higher risk of developing antenatal and perinatal complica?ons like pre-eclampsia, gesta?onal diabetes mellitus, anemia, antepartum hemorrhages, preterm labor, mal-presenta?on, mal-posi?on and feto-pelvic dispropor?on This study was done to know the magnitude of grand mul?para a?ending the ter?ary care center with possible complica?ons related to high parity. Objec?ves:To study the prevalence possible fetomaternal complica?ons associated with grand mul?para at rural setup. Methodology:Descrip?ve cross-sec?onal study conducted in medical college of rural area for 12 months. Grand mul?para with 5 or more deliveries before current pregnancy coming for antenatal checkup and delivery were enrolled. Antenatal history was recorded ?ll delivery and feto-maternal outcomes were noted. Results:Out of 1500 deliveries conducted during study period, 110 (7.5%) cases were grand mul?para. Majority of them (79.5%) were Muslim and 80% were anaemic. 60% delivered with FTND, and 25.4% had emergency LSCS with one intrauterine death and a single breach delivery. Predominantly preeclampsia (23.6%) and malpresenta?on (14.5%) were diagnosed as antepartum complica?ons. Almost one fi?h of them had postpartum hemorrhage which was controlled with no mortality. 13 (11.8%) grand mul?para women had s?ll birth or early neonatal death, though fetal distress was observed in 37 cases. Conclusion: Grand mul?party is s?ll a high-risk pregnancy associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in our facility with mul?ple interrelated but mostly preventable causes.

Rupture uterus: a one year review to find out the causative factors

Background: Rupture uterus is a life-threatening obstetric emergency associated with high perinatal mortality. This study aims to find out the common factors associated with this catastrophic condition so as to help in decreasing the incidence of this condition in this study set-up. The objective of this study was to determine incidence, socio-demographic factors, etiology, types of presentation, patterns of management and maternal and fetal outcome in cases of rupture uterus presenting in this study hospital in one year.Methods: In this retrospective study 40 cases of ruptured uterus admitted in the hospital between January to December 2016 were analyzed. Detailed history of relevant socio-demographic factors, prior obstetric and surgical history, clinical findings, nature of management done, fetal and maternal outcome were thoroughly analyzed from the record.Results: A total 40 cases of ruptured uterus during this one-year period out of total 1220 deliveries constituted an incidence of 3%. The commonest age group is 25-30 years (47%). Majority of patients of rupture uterus were those with previous scarred uterus trying for vaginal delivery in hands of dais, untrained birth attendants and midwives. Repair was possible in the majority of cases. There were no maternal deaths but fetal mortality was 92.5%.Conclusions: Proper antenatal care, transportation facilities, good counseling of patients with history of previous uterine surgery for institutional delivery can help in reducing the incidence of rupture uterus in developing countries like India. Prompt surgical intervention can help in reducing the maternal morbidity and mortality associated with rupture uterus.

Indications of primary caesarean section in multiparous women in patients of rural area of Western Maharashtra, India

Background: Caesarean section is commonly performed operation in women in last few decades and can be life saving for the child, the mother or both in certain cases. Primary caesarean section in the multipara means first caesarean section done in the patients who had previously delivered vaginally once or more. Aims and objectives of this study were to know the incidence and various indications of primary caesarean section in multipara.Methods: This was a prospective study of primary caesarean section in multipara women admitted at tertiary care hospital in western rural Maharashtra during the period of 6 months from January 2018 to June 2018. Multipara with pregnancy of >28 weeks gestation (gravida 2 and above), each of whom has had a previous vaginal delivery of >20 weeks gestation were included. Women with previous abortions and previous section were excluded.Results: Total no. of deliveries during this period were 4648.Total 1705 sections were performed during the same period. Thus, the incidence caesarean sections are 36.68%. Out of these sections 194 sections were performed in multipara for the first time, thus giving the incidence of 0.42% of total deliveries and 11.38% of total caesarean sections. Most common indication for caesarean section in multipara was malpresentation (19.6%) followed by foetal distress (16.49%) and severe pre-eclampsia (13.4%).Conclusions: Present study concludes that proper antenatal care should always be given to multipara even though there was history of previous vaginal deliveries.

Estimation of various associated factors in multiparous females undergoing primary caesarean sections at a tertiary care health centre in rural Western Maharashtra, India

Background: Caesarean section is one of the commonly performed operation in women due to safety reason and modern techniques. Primary caesarean section in the multipara means first caesarean section done in the patients who had previously delivered vaginally once or more. Aims and objectives of this study were to know association of various parameters like Age, Parity, Haemoglobin, Blood Pressure, Baby weight, Perinatal and Maternal Mortality with primary caesarean section among multipara.Methods: This was a prospective study of primary caesarean section in multipara women admitted at tertiary care hospital in western rural Maharashtra during the period of 6 months from January 2018 to June 2018. Multipara with pregnancy of >28 weeks gestation (gravida 2 and above), each of whom has had a previous vaginal delivery of >20 weeks gestation were included. Women with previous abortions and previous section were excluded.Results: Total 1705 sections were performed during the same period out of total 4648 deliveries. Out of these sections 194 sections were performed in multipara for the first time. Maximum numbers of patients (58%) were in the age group of 15-24 years and Parity 2 (68%). Almost 70% women among multipara have Hb <11 Mgm/dl. Most of the patients (84.53%) have normal Blood pressure readings. Most of the babies’ i.e.70 (36.08%) have birth weight in the range of 2.5-3 kg. Out of 194 deliveries, there were only 3 neonatal deaths (1.54%) and 1 maternal death (0.51%).Conclusions: Proper antenatal and intrapartum care and early referral can reduce the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in multipara.

Pregnancy outcome comparison between primiparas and multiparas with advanced maternal age / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective:To explore the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the primiparas and the multiparas with advanced maternal age. Methods:Through a retrospective cohort study, 6 129 elderly women who gave birth to a single child from January 2014 to December 2016 in the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were collected to compare the differences in pregnancy outcomes between the primiparas and the multiparas (parity=2). Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the two groups of pregnant women. Results:Compared with the multiparas, the primiparas with advanced maternal age had a higher risk of premature rupture of membranes (adjusted OR=1.35, 95% CI 1.18-1.54), preeclampsia/eclampsia (adjusted OR=1.99, 95% CI 1.45-2.73), gestational diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.15-1.51), small-for-gestation age (adjusted OR=2.49, 95% CI 1.78-3.48), and cesarean section (adjusted OR=1.45, 95% CI 1.30-1.62). The birth weight of infants delivered by the primiparas was slightly lower than that of the multiparas. Conclusion:In the advanced maternal age women, primiparas have a higher risk of adverse perinatal outcomes than multiparas, such as premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia/eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, small-for-gestation age and cesarean section.

Primary lower segment caesarean section in multipara: materno-fetal outcomes

Background: All-natural birth has a purpose and a plan; who would think of tearing open the chrysalis as the butterfly is emerging? Who would break the shell to pull the chick out?” ~ Marie Mongon. It is of particular interest, in light of increased incidence of abdominal delivery throughout the country and in the world, to judge the validity of this procedure when used for the first time in the multipara.Methods: All the cases of Primary caesarean delivery in multipara over a period of 18 months were studied with regards to the indication, associated risks factors, and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The primary objective of the study was to find out the status of primary Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) in multipara in tertiary care center.Results: The overall incidence of LSCS was 30.7%. The incidence of Primary LSCS in multipara was 23.4%. The most common indication of LSCS was Foetal Distress i.e. 40.8%. Almost all caesarean sections were done in Emergency (99.2%). 12.3% of patients underwent PPH intra-operatively with 0.7% patient requiring Obstetric hysterectomy. Majority of the neonates were admitted in NICU for Respiratory Distress (30%). Major cause of Post-operative morbidity was wound gape seen in 10.8% patients.Conclusions: The fact that a multipara has had one or more vaginal deliveries should be regarded as an optimistic historical fact, not as diagnostic criteria for spontaneous delivery of the pregnancy at hand. Hence a multiparous woman in labour requires the same attention as that of primigravida and may still require a caesarean section for safe delivery. Good antenatal and intrapartum care and early referral will help reduce the maternal and perinatal morbidity.

Discussion on Necessity of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Advanced Maternal Aged Multiparous Women after the "Universal Two-Child Policy" / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there is necessity for carrying out pharmaceutical care for advanced maternal aged multiparous women as the number of this special population in our country growing greatly under the "universal two-child" policy. METHODS: We compared the pregnancy outcomes of the advanced maternal aged multipara with advanced maternal aged primipara and right aged multipara to investigate the characteristics of advanced maternal aged pregnancy outcomes. Through analyzing the importance and urgency of pharmaceutical care for advanced maternal aged multipara, we explored current status and challenges, and analyzed pregnancy drug risk category and pregnancy drug registry. RESULTS: Compared with advanced maternal aged primipara and right aged multipara, pregnancy outcomes and exposure risk are different in advanced maternal aged multipara. Pregnancy drug risk category and pregnancy drug registry are crucial measures in observing study of pharmaceutical care. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to carry out pharmaceutical care for advanced maternal aged multipara. Pregnancy drug risk category and pregnancy drug registry can provide basis for designing interventional study of pharmaceutical care.

Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus among multiparae / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To investigate the risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among multiparae. Methods • Women who had two consecutive pregnancies records in the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital from January 2012 to January 2017 were included into this study. The case group (116 cases) and control group (464 cases) were matched at the ratio of 1:4 according to the pre-pregnancy age in index pregnancy. Clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and lipid profiles were took into consideration by virtue of their medical records. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to compute the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95%CI so as to identify the risk factors. Results • Compared with the control group, the case group was associated with greater body mass index (BMI) change between pregnancies (aOR=1.35, 95% CI=1.07-1.69), greater postprandial 1 h glucose load (aOR=1.99, 95% CI=1.55-2.55) and 2 h glucose load (aOR=2.02, 95% CI=1.51- 2.70) at OGTT in index pregnancy, and greater first-trimester fasting plasma glucose (aOR=1.96, 95% CI=1.16-3.32), total cholesterol (aOR=1.37, 95% CI=1.06-1.77) and triacylglycerol (aOR=1.53, 95% CI=1.10-2.14) in subsequent pregnancy. Conclusion • The elevated BMI change between pregnancies, the abnormal glucose and lipid profiles persisting from index to subsequent pregnancy lead to the occurrence of GDM.

Risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus among multiparae / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To investigate the risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among multiparae. Methods?·?Women who had two consecutive pregnancies records in the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital from January 2012 to January 2017 were included into this study. The case group (116 cases) and control group (464 cases) were matched at the ratio of 1:4 according to the pre-pregnancy age in index pregnancy. Clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and lipid profiles were took into consideration by virtue of their medical records. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to compute the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95%CI so as to identify the risk factors. Results?·?Compared with the control group, the case group was associated with greater body mass index (BMI) change between pregnancies (aOR=1.35, 95%?CI=1.07-1.69), greater postprandial 1 h glucose load (aOR=1.99, 95%?CI=1.55-2.55) and 2 h glucose load (aOR=2.02, 95%?CI=1.51-2.70) at OGTT in index pregnancy, and greater first-trimester fasting plasma glucose (aOR=1.96, 95%?CI=1.16-3.32), total cholesterol (aOR=1.37, 95%?CI=1.06-1.77) and triacylglycerol (aOR=1.53, 95%?CI=1.10-2.14) in subsequent pregnancy. Conclusion?·?The elevated BMI change between pregnancies, the abnormal glucose and lipid profiles persisting from index to subsequent pregnancy lead to the occurrence of GDM.

Reembarazo en la adolescencia: análisis de la población perteneciente a la Red del Hospital Padre Hurtado, entre los años 2005-2015 / Teenage pregnancy: analysis of the population belonging to the Padre Hurtado Hospital Network, between 2005-2015

OBJETIVO PRINCIPAL: Evaluar prevalencia de adolescentes multíparas >2, en la población atendida en Hospital Padre Hurtado. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, con información extraída de la ficha electrónica de partos e intervenciones, realizados entre 2005-2015 HPH. Los datos fueron tabulados en Microsoft Excel y luego analizados en el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS versión 22. RESULTADOS: Se atendieron 62.656 partos y hubo 5.770 eventos gestacionales que requirieron alguna intervención, de éstas, 14.030 (20,5%) ocurrieron en pacientes menores de 20 años y 356 (0,52%) en menores de 15 años. El número de multíparas fue de 940 (10,3% de mujeres con embarazo adolescente). En el caso de primigestas <15 años, 68 presentaron más de un embarazo durante su adolescencia (19,3% de embarazadas). El período intergestacional tuvo una mediana en 3 años (rango 1 - 6 años). Cuando una adolescente <15 años se embaraza por primera vez, tiene un OR de 2,25 (IC 95%: 1.71-2.95; X2: 35,46; p<0,001) de volver a embarazarse durante su adolescencia, en relación a las adolescentes que se embarazan por primera vez después de los 15 años. En cuanto a intervenciones, al comparar ambos grupos, las menores de 15 años tienen un OR 2,75 de que al embarazarse, requieran cirugía. CONCLUSIÓN: La frecuencia de embarazo adolescente evaluada, es superior a la nacional y mundial. Cuando el primer embarazo ocurre <15 años, éstas tienen mayor riesgo de presentar un segundo embarazo durante la adolescencia. Una medida de prevención secundaria, es la utilización de MAC en el puerperio inmediato, idealmente LARCs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of multiparous adolescents, in the population that had their births at Hospital Padre Hurtado. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study, with information taken from the electronic database of the center, Birth data and Interventions, between 2005 and 2015. The data was tabulated in Microsoft Excel and the analysis was done with IBM SPSS 22 version. RESULTS: It occurred 62,656 deliveries and 5,770 pregnancies that ended in an intervention, from the total, 14,030 (20.5%) occurred in girls under 20 years and 356 (0.52%) under 15 years old (yo). The number of multiparous was 940 (10.3% of all of the adolescent pregnancies). For first time pregnants under 15 yo, 68 had a reiterative pregnancy among their adolescence (19.3% of pregnant <15 yo). The median time between pregnancies was 3 years (range 1- 6 years). When a girl <15 yo gets pregnant for the first time, she has an OR of 2.25 (IC 95%: 1.71-2.95; X2: 35,46; p<0,001) of getting pregnant again during adolescence compared to girls that get pregnant between 15-18 yo. About interventions, the group under 15yo had an OR 2.75 (in Chile all forms of abortions are illegal) compared with the group above 15 years, of requiring surgery when pregnant. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of adolescent pregnancy analized, is above the national and international publications. Plus, if the pregnancy occurs under 15 yo, they have a greater chance of having another teenage pregnancy. An effective secondary prevention could be administration of contraception during immediate postpartum, ideally LARCs.

Analysis on clinical characteristics of multipara in 15 hospitals in Beijing area: a systematic cluster sampling survey / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics (social background,comorbidity,complications and outcomes of pregnancy) of multipara in Beijing area.Methods A systematic cluster sampling survey was conducted on 15 194 pregnant women who gave birth at 15 hospitals in Beijing from January to June in 2013.The age,gestational weeks at delivery,education background,geographical distribution,health insurance coverage,mode of delivery,comorbidity and complications of pregnancy,pregnant outcomes and other relevant clinical data were collected and analyzed with two-sample t test or Chi-square test.Results The proportion of multipara in Beijing area was 21.12％ (3 209/15 194),the per capita number of delivery was 1.23 (18 745/15 194).The ratio of women with higher education background,average monthly household income over 3 000 yuan,urban residence and social insurance in multipara were much lower than those in primipara (all P＜0.05).The mean maternal age of multipara was (30.02±4.88) years,pre-pregnancy body mass index was 22.24 ± 3.48,which were all higher than those of primipara [(27.82 ± 4.03) years and 21.54 ± 3.29,respectively,t=23.440 and 11.115,all P＜0.01].And the gestational weeks at delivery and mean weight gain during pregnancy of multipara was less than that of primipara [(39.15 ±1.67) vs (39.49 ± 1.67) weeks,t=-14.044,P=0.000;(14.66±6.24) vs (15.81 ± 5.86) kg,t=-9.448,P=0.000],while the levels of total cholesterol,triglyceride and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and the incidence of macrosomia were significantly higher [(5.59± 1.14) vs (5.24± 1.15) mmol/L,(2.31± 1.38) vs (1.96± 1.34) mmol/L,(3.03±0.91) vs (2.82±0.87) mmol/L,t=12.867,15.718 and 10.275,all P＜0.01;9.29％ (298/3 209) vs 7.24％ (868/11 985),x2=14.926,P=0.000].Significantly lower incidences of abnormal amniotic fluid volume,premature rupture of membranes,fetal distress,abnormal labor and vaginal delivery (all P ＜ 0.01),but higher neonatal birth weight [(3 374.38 ±504.57) vs (3 328.39±488.70) g,t=4.839,P=0.000] and cesarean section rate [45.96％ (1 475/3 209) vs 42.49％(5 092/11 985),x2=12.477,P＜0.01] were found in multipara than in primipara.Compared with primipara,multipara had higher incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus,diabetes during pregnancy,pregnancy complicated with cardiovascular problems,hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy [adjusted OR(95％CI):1.265 (1.135-1.411),1.799 (1.215 2.663),1.567 (1.221-2.347),1.647 (1.300-2.086),all P＜0.01].Conclusions The primipara is the major reproductive population in Beijing area.However,the multipara requires close antenatal care because of their susceptibility to pregnant complications.

Pregnancy Outcome among Nulliparous Women at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, North Eastern Nigeria: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Aim: To compare the pregnancy outcomes among nulliparae, with multiparae as the control. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital over a period of one year (1st January 2007 to 31st December 2007). Methodology: This retrospective cohort study reviewed the pregnancy outcome of nulliparae over one year, using multiparae as control. The data were analysed using SPSS. The χ 2-test was used to compare the sociodemographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of the nulliparae and the multiparae. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to create a model for the factors that were independently associated with nullipara. A P-value of<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Nulliparae contributed 259 (13.7%) of the 1,865 babies delivered during the period of study. The age ranged from 15 years to 42 years with mean age of 27.1 years ±5.3 years. Nulliparous women were more likely to be of younger age less than 20 years (P<0.001), educated (P=0.01) and booked early (P=0.001) when compared with multiparae. Also nulliparous women were more likely to have pregnancy induced hypertension (P=0.001) and episiotomy at delivery (P<0.001) but less likely to have anaemia (P=0.002) when compared with multiparae. Multivariate logistic regression showed that Nulliparae were more likely to be of younger age group (OR 7.22, P<0.001) and have malaria (OR 2.22, P=0.02), malpresentation (OR 5.68, P=0.02), abruptio placentae (OR 6.41, P=0.02), preterm delivery (OR 7.04, P=0.01), episiotomy (OR 7.74, P<0.001) and pregnancy induced hypertension (OR 3.53, P=0.01) but less likely to have anaemia at booking and fetal macrosomia. Conclusion: Nulliparous women are at increased risk of certain adverse pregnancy outcome including malaria, preterm delivery and pregnancy induced hypertension. These adverse factors should be looked out for and excluded in order to improve maternal and fetal health in these women.

Study of primary caesarean section in multiparous women.

Background: This prospective study was carried out to assess, indication, maternal & fetal outcome of primary caesarian in multiparous women. Materials & Methods: 50 women with primary CS (caesarean section) studied in multiparous women studied and analysed. Results: Most of women belonged to >25yrs age group, rural, & low socio-economic group, Malpresentation, Low AFI (amniotic fuid index), Fetal Distress were most common indications. Post operative uneventful in majority of cases. Conclusion: Antenatal care in multigravida, USG (ultra-sonography) Analysis Close monitoring can reduce CS(caesarean section) in multipara.

Aspectos epidemiológicos en citologías con resultados anormales en el hospital boliviano "El Torno" / Epidemiological aspects in cytologies with abnormal results in "El Torno" Bolivian hospital

Se efectuó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal de 886 mujeres con resultados citológicos positivos, atendidas en la consulta de Ginecología del hospital "El Torno" de Bolivia, desde enero hasta diciembre del 2009, a fin de caracterizar aspectos epidemiológicos en citologías con resultados anormales. La información se obtuvo de la historia clínica individual de cada paciente y una encuesta elaborada al efecto. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó de forma computarizada, a través del sistema Epi Info 6. Se emplearon la prueba estadística Ji al cuadrado y el porcentaje como medida de resumen. En la casuística predominaron el grupo etario de 20-39 años y el diagnóstico de reacciones inflamatorias inespecíficas del cuello uterino. La positividad de los exámenes de papanicolaou mostró una tendencia descendente en relación con años anteriores. Se evidenció que las féminas iniciaron sus relaciones sexuales precozmente y la mayoría tuvo más de una pareja sexual.

An observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study of 886 women with positive cytological results, assisted in the Gynecology Department from "El Torno" hospital in Bolivia, was carried out from January to December, 2009, in order to characterize epidemiological aspects in cytologies with abnormal results. The information was obtained from the individual medical record of each patient and a survey elaborated to the effect. The processing of data was carried out in a computerized way, through the system Epi Info 6. Chi square test and the percentage as summary measure were used as statistical tests. The age group 20-39 years and the diagnosis of inespecific inflammatory reactions of the cervix prevailed in the case material. The positivity of the Pap smears showed a descending tendency in relation to previous years. It was evidenced that the patients began their sexual relations in an early stage and most of them had more than one sexual couple.

A Comparison of the Educational Needs of the Mothers' for the Infant Care Between Primipara and Multipara / 아동간호학회지

This study is designed to compare differences of the infant mothers' nursing educational needs between primipara and multipara. And also this study will provide the basic data for the development of Infant care educational programs based on personal characteristics. The subjects of this study were 71 infant-mothers who just experienced delivery. They were selected from a collage hospital and a obstetric hospital in D city, Korea. The tool used in this study was educational need scale developed by Choe, SeonJeong(2000), and modified by researchers. The subjects were requested to check complete the questionnaires by self-report method at the time of hospital discharge. The data were collected from February 7 to April 10, 2001. and were analysed by descriptive statistics, mean, std deviation, t-test, ANOVA with SPSS 10.0. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The differences of the infant mothers' nursing educational needs were not significantly between primipara and multipara. 2. In the each category of the infant mothers' nursing educational needs, we could see the differences between primipara and multipara as following ; Infant care(t=2.803, p=.007), Attachment between parents and infant (t=2.442, p=.017). 3. In accordance with general characteristics, the infant mothers' nursing educational needs differed significantly according to religion in primipara and according to satisfaction of marriage in multipara. 4. In accordance with obsterical characteristics, the infant mothers' nursing educational needs differed significantly according to places of postpartum care in primipara. In conclusion, this study confirmed that the nursing educational needs of the mothers did not show significant difference between primipara and multipara. However, two subareas' parts of the infant mothers' nursing educational needs, infant care and attachment between parents and infant showed significant difference between primipara and multipara. And the infant mothers' nursing educational needs differed significantly between primipara and multipara according to several personal characteristics. Therefore the results of this study might give some real data for the development of the Infant Care Programs based on personal characteristics.