ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between carotid atherosclerotic plaque and multiple risk factors of angiocardiopathy,and to evaluate the injuries caused by different risk factors to subclinical target organ to control the general risk factors of angiocardiopathy.Methods Four hundred and twenty six outpatients and impatients,treated in our hospital from May 2007 to May 2009 with the results of color ultrasonic examination,were divided into carotid atherosclerotic plaque group(284 cases) and no carotid atherosclerotic plaque group( 142 cases).The clinical information including their age,body mass index,smoking condition,past medical history such as hypertension,diabetes mellitus and hyperlipoidemia were recorded,and the levels of total cholesterol(T C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),triglyceride (TG),lipoprotein ( a ) ( LP (a) ),apolipoprotein A - 1 ( Apo A 1 ),apolipoprotein B ( Apo B ),highsensitivity C-reactive protein( hs-CRP),homocysteine ( HCY),microalbuminuria( MAU ) and uricacid(UA) were determined by lab tests.The independent variable and univariable data were processed and analyzed statistically to find out the risk factors of carotid atherosclerotic plaque.Results Age and drinking were significantly correlated with the carotid intima-media wall thickening(IMT) (P ＜ 0.001 ).Overweight,diabetes mellitus,increased LP (a),hyperlipoidemia,age,increased MAU and HCY could independently predict carotid atherosclerosis and plaque formation ( x2 =71.35,38.45,t =3.26,x2 =37.23,t =118.51,6.723 and 3.17respectively,Ps ＜ 0.05 ).The aggregated number of the risk factors was correlated to IMT and carotid atherosclerotic plaque ( P =0.0001 ).Conclusion Age,drinking,overweight,diabetes mellitus,increased LP (a),hyperlipoidemia,MAU and HCY are risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis and plaque formation,and the contribution of each factor can multiply and overlap,more risk factors means greater risk.
ABSTRACT
Retinal vein occlusion(RVO)is the second most common form of retinal vascular disease next to diabetic retinopathy. Systemic risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, blood dyscrasia and ocular risk factors such as short axial length, glaucoma, papilledema, thyroid ophthalmopathy have been shown to be associated with RVO. It is usually unilateral disease, and bilateral occurrene of RVO is relatively uncommon. CRVO rarely occurs bilaterally with a short interval between two eyes. Having experienced a case of bilateral CRVO within one month in a 75-year-old female with short axial length, primary open angle glaucoma, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, we report this case with literature review.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases , Diabetic Retinopathy , Glaucoma , Glaucoma, Open-Angle , Hypercholesterolemia , Hypertension , Papilledema , Retinal Vein , Retinaldehyde , Risk Factors , Thyroid Gland , Vascular DiseasesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study whether pravastatin maintain its therapeutic effect when the treatment is indicated to patients with hypercholesterolemy associated to others risk factors. METHODS: In a multicenter investigation 1147 patients, mostly male (609) with a mean age of 52 years were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were cholesterol level above 260 mg/dL or 220 mg/dL if LDL-C greater than 145 mg/dL and one or more risk factors. The patients were treated for 16 weeks, in the first four only with diet orientation and with diet plus 10 mg of pravastatin in the 12 subsequent weeks. RESULTS: Hypertension and smoke were the more frequent risk factors observed in the study population. Only 22 of the patients were on hypolipemiant treatment before enrolling in the study. HDL-C was unchanged and total and LDL-C presented a reduction of approximately 10 with diet orientation. After 10 mg of pravastatin there was a reduction of around 30 of total and LDL-C and a 13 HDL-C elevation. The presence of risk factors did not influence significantly the drug effect, but it is possible to observe that those who smoke and males had lower levels of HDL-C. Obesity and diabetes patients presented greater levels of triglycerides. Therapeutic response to pravastatin is slightly smaller in males and after menopause. CONCLUSION: The number of patients following regular hypolipemiant treatment is still small(22). Risk factors associated to hypercholesterolemia do not seem to interfere in the lipid lowering response to pravastatin. Pravastatin 10 mg once a day controlled hypercholesterolemia in 85 of the study population.