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Objective To analyze the genetic characteristics of mumps virus ( MuV) isolated from an outbreak in Henan province in 2016 and to provide reference data for the control of mumps in Henan prov-ince. Methods Swab specimens were collected from a mumps outbreak in Henan province in 2016. One virus strain was selected for whole genome sequencing after virus isolation and genotyping. MEGA7. 0 soft-ware was used to construct phylogenetic tree, to calculate P-distance and to analyze the characteristics of genes encoding small hydrophobic protein ( SH ) , fusion protein ( F ) and hemagglutinin neuraminidase ( HN) . Results Five swab specimens were collected in the outbreak and five MuV strains were successfully obtained. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of them belonged to genotype F with a P-distance of 0. 047 (0. 046-0. 049 ) with the reference strain. The P-distance among the five MuV strains was 0. 001 ( 0-0. 003). Results of the whole genome sequencing of one MuV strain showed that the P-distance with the ref-erence virus was 0. 053 (0. 018-0. 072) and the smallest P-distance with genotype F was 0. 018. Compared with the vaccine strain (HQ416907. 1), the amino acid at 28-30 site of SH protein was IML. The 91, 195 and 383 amino acid sites in F protein were related to the pathogenicity of MuV, but no mutations were found in these sites. Some mutations were found in HN protein, such as P354Q, E356D and K464N, which were associated with the immunological characteristics of MuV. Conclusions MuV strains isolated from the out-break in Henan province in 2016 belonged to genotype F. The genetic characteristics of these MuV strains were similar to those prevalent in other provinces of China.
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Objective To explore the morbidity and clinical characteristics of mumps meningoencephalitis in children without parotitis.Methods Two hundred and twenty-three cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from children who were diagnosed as viral encephalitis at Department of Pediatrics,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from June 2010 to February 2016.Multiplex PCR was applied to detect the mumps virus,and other common viral,including measles virus,enterovirus,enterovirus 71 type,coxsackie virus A16 type,dengue virus,Japanese encephalitis virus,rubella virus,herpes simplex virus,human cytomegalovirus,Epstein-Barr virus,Chikungunya virus and Charon evagatus in mumps virus positive specimens were detected by PCR.The clinical data of patients with mumps virus infection were analyzed.Results In 223 CSF specimens,positive mumps virus were detected in 11 cases (4.9％),of whom,the mycobacterial,fungal,conventional CSF cultures and other common viral cause in CSF were negative.One case presented parotitis on the sixth day after admission.Of 11 cases with positive mumps virus,there were 10 cases without parotitis.The cardinal symptoms of mumps meningoencephalitis in children without parotitis were fever,headache,vomiting and seizures,and the CSF parameters,brain magnetic resonance imaging,electroencephalogram ofthe patients were all similar to other viral encephalitis,while the prognosis was good in children with mumps meningoencephalitis without parotitis,but the CSF return to normal needed a long time,the longest time up to 4 weeks.Conclusion Mumps meningoencephalitis may occur in children without parotitis,and the most common symptom are fever,headache,vomiting and seizures.
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Measles, mumps and rubella are vaccine preventable diseases. However, morbidity and mortality due to these diseases remain largely unnoticed in India. Measles has received much attention; mumps and rubella still need to garner attention. According to the World Health Organization, near-elimination of mumps could be achieved by maintaining high vaccine coverage using a two-dose strategy. However, Government of India has not yet decided on mumps vaccine. In this review, we have reviewed sero-prevalence studies, vaccine studies, outbreak investigations, virus isolation and virus genotyping studies on mumps. Overall, mumps seems to be a significant public health problem in India, but does not garner attention due to the absence of a surveillance and documentation system. Thus, inclusion of mumps antigen in the Universal immunization program would have added advantages, the economic burden imposed by the cost of the vaccine offset by a reduction in disease burden.
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In São Paulo the mumps virus (MuV) outbreaks have been increasing from In São Paulo the mumps virus (MuV) outbreaks have been increasing from 2011 to nowadays. MuV epidemiological surveillance has been improving by using the polymerase chain reaction in real time (rRT-PCR) in addition to the specific IgM antibody (IgM-Ab) detection; in some cases,genome sequencing studies were performed. Increased virus transmission and recent outbreakshave raised interest on MuV genotyping, as a means to understand the transmission pathways andto identify the vaccine-associated cases. From January 2011 to August 2016, MuV infection was analyzed at Institute Adolfo Lutz. A total of 232 (77.33 %) throat wash samples showed positivity to mumps genome, and 68 (22.66 %) were negative when analyzed by rRT-PCR. Among 15 samples for molecular analysis, 10 serum samples from respective patients were also available for detecting anti-MuV IgM-Ab; and from these, four (40%) samples were seropositive. Vaccination statuswas available only for patients from Cedral and Araraquara. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulation of the following mumps virus genotypes in the investigated periods: 2011(M), 2012, and 2013 (K); 2014 (N); 2015 (G, K, and N); 2016 (G). Knowledge on MuV molecular epidemiology in São Paulo-Brazil could contribute to the surveillance and epidemiological program in Brazil, and globally as well.
No estado de São Paulo têm ocorrido surtos de caxumba desde 2011. O diagnóstico laboratorialtem sido realizado no Instituto Adolfo Lutz utilizando-se a técnica de identificação de material genético viral por meio de reação de cadeia de polimerase-em tempo real (rRT-PCR) e peladetecção de anticorpos IgM (Ac-IgM) específicos circulantes. Os recentes surtos de caxumbatêm aumentado o interesse em investigar os genótipos dos vírus prevalentes para identificaros casos associadas à vacina. De janeiro de 2011 a agosto de 2016, 300 amostras de lavadosda orofaringe coletadas de pacientes suspeitos de infecção foram analisadas. O material genéticoviral específico foi detectado em 232 (77,33 %) amostras e 68 (22,66 %) foram negativas.Das 10 amostras analisadas pelo teste sorológico, quatro (40 %) demonstraram positividadepara Ac-IgM específicos anti-vírus da caxumba e seis foram negativas. Somente os municípios Cedral e Araraquara forneceram os dados referentes à vacinação. Análise filogenética mostroua circulação dos seguintes genótipos do vírus da caxumba no período investigado: 2011 (M),2012 e 2013 (K); 2014 (N); 2015 (GKN); 2016 (G). A vigilância virológica é mundialmente imprescindível, para identificar a diversidade e a distribuição dos diferentes genótipos, com vistasà composição de vacinas específicas.
Subject(s)
Molecular Epidemiology , Genotype , Public Health , Disease Outbreaks , Mumps virusABSTRACT
In São Paulo the mumps virus (MuV) outbreaks have been increasing from 2011 to nowadays. MuV epidemiological surveillance has been improving by using the polymerase chain reaction in real time (rRT-PCR) in addition to the specific IgM antibody (IgM-Ab) detection; in some cases, genome sequencing studies were performed. Increased virus transmission and recent outbreaks have raised interest on MuV genotyping, as a means to understand the transmission pathways and to identify the vaccine-associated cases. From January 2011 to August 2016, MuV infection was analyzed at Institute Adolfo Lutz. A total of 232 (77.33 %) throat wash samples showed positivity to mumps genome, and 68 (22.66 %) were negative when analyzed by rRT-PCR. Among 15 samples for molecular analysis, 10 serum samples from respective patients were also available for detecting anti-MuV IgM-Ab; and from these, four (40%) samples were seropositive. Vaccination status was available only for patients from Cedral and Araraquara. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the circulation of the following mumps virus genotypes in the investigated periods: 2011(M), 2012, and 2013 (K); 2014 (N); 2015 (G, K, and N); 2016 (G). Knowledge on MuV molecular epidemiology in São Paulo-Brazil could contribute to the surveillance and epidemiological program in Brazil, and globally as well.
No estado de São Paulo têm ocorrido surtos de caxumba desde 2011. O diagnóstico laboratorial tem sido realizado no Instituto Adolfo Lutz utilizando-se a técnica de identificação de material genético viral por meio de reação de cadeia de polimerase-em tempo real (rRT-PCR) e pela detecção de anticorpos IgM (Ac-IgM) específicos circulantes. Os recentes surtos de caxumba têm aumentado o interesse em investigar os genótipos dos vírus prevalentes para identificar os casos associadas à vacina. De janeiro de 2011 a agosto de 2016, 300 amostras de lavados da orofaringe coletadas de pacientes suspeitos de infecção foram analisadas. O material genético viral específico foi detectado em 232 (77,33 %) amostras e 68 (22,66 %) foram negativas. Das 10 amostras analisadas pelo teste sorológico, quatro (40 %) demonstraram positividade para Ac-IgM específicos anti-vírus da caxumba e seis foram negativas. Somente os municípios Cedral e Araraquara forneceram os dados referentes à vacinação. Análise filogenética mostrou a circulação dos seguintes genótipos do vírus da caxumba no período investigado: 2011 (M), 2012 e 2013 (K); 2014 (N); 2015 (GKN); 2016 (G). A vigilância virológica é mundialmente imprescindível, para identificar a diversidade e a distribuição dos diferentes genótipos, com vistas à composição de vacinas específicas.
Subject(s)
Genotype , Disease Outbreaks , Mumps virus/isolation & purification , Real-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
We report a case of Mumps deafness with acute vestibular symptoms in a 13-year-old boy, who developed both parotid swelling preceded by acute right hearing loss and vertigo with spontaneous nystagmus. He was diagnosed as Mumps when the antibody of Mumps virus was detected in the serum. To our knowledge, this is the first case of Mumps infection, where parotitis was preceded by hearing loss and vertigo. This study indicates that the first symptom of Mumps virus infection could be hearing loss or vertigo.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Deafness , Hearing Loss , Mumps virus , Mumps , Parotitis , VertigoABSTRACT
introduction of MMR vaccine was believed to have resulted in a decline in the incidence of measles, mumps and rubella infections. However, recent reports suggest the re-emergence of mumps infection worldwide in the vaccinated populations. Iit was proposed that the reason for this re-emergence was poor efficacy of MMR vaccine. The present study was aimed to investigate mumps infection in MMR vaccinated and non-vaccinated populations in Chennai, Iindia. Blood samples were collected from acute mumps cases (n=74, 42<12 yr age, 54% males) and investigated for IgM antibody against mumps, IgG antibody against measles, mumps and rubella viruses by ELISA. Sixty seven (91%) patients had received MMR vaccine. All the 67 vaccinated cases were positive for parotitis, and mumps IgM. However, only 10 (15%) were positive for IgG. All samples (100%) were positive for rubella and measles IgG. These findings showed the occurrence of mumps infection among MMR vaccinated individuals in Chennai, India. The MMR vaccine failed to generate anti-mumps IgG. The reason may be low vaccine efficacy of the mumps component of the MMR vaccine used.
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BACKGROUND: Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurological disorder that is characterized by involuntary eye movements and myoclonus. OMS exhibits various etiologies, including paraneoplastic, parainfectious, toxic-metabolic, and idiopathic causes. The exact immunopathogenesis and pathophysiology of OMS are uncertain. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 19-year-old male who developed opsoclonus and myoclonus several days after a flu-like illness. Serological tests revealed acute mumps infection. The findings of cerebrospinal fluid examinations and brain magnetic resonance imaging were normal. During the early phase of the illness, he suffered from opsoclonus and myoclonus that was so severe as to cause acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis. After therapies including intravenous immunoglobulin, the patient gradually improved and had fully recovered 2 months later. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of OMS associated with mumps infection in Korea. Mumps infection should be considered in patients with OMS.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Acute Kidney Injury , Brain , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Eye Movements , Immunoglobulins , Korea , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mumps , Mumps virus , Myoclonus , Nervous System Diseases , Ocular Motility Disorders , Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome , Rhabdomyolysis , Serologic TestsABSTRACT
Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine failure had been reported globally and here, we report that it occurs in India now. MMR vaccinated people have developed acute mumps accompanied by anti-mumps immunoglobulin M. Genotypic characterisation revealed that the circulating mumps strain was genotype C, which is distinct from the vaccine strain of genotype N (L-Zagreb). This is the first report in India to suggest that genotype C is responsible for the present mumps infection. Thus, the present MMR vaccine must be revamped and optimised for its efficacy to prevent any future mumps epidemics.
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La parotiditis es una enfermedad infecciosa inmunoprevenible causada por el virus de la parotiditis, miembro del género Rubulavirus, familia Paramyxoviridae, del cual se conocen 12 genotipos confirmados, designados como A-L y otro nuevo genotipo designado como M. Las vacunas anti-parotiditis por lo general, se fabrican empleando virus vivo atenuado de alguno de estos genotipos y están disponibles como monovalente (parotiditis) y trivalente (sarampión-rubéola-parotiditis). A pesar de los programas de vacunación implementados por muchos países, se han presentado brotes de parotiditis en forma epidémica en la cual se ha detectado co-circulación de genotipos entre poblaciones vacunadas. Entre las posibles explicaciones están: el fracaso primario a la vacunación, pérdida de efectividad secundaria e infección por virus heterólogos. Como consecuencia la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha recomendado estudios moleculares epidemiológicos, que incluya la genotipificación de cepas circulantes del virus de la parotiditis, como parte del programa de vigilancia. Esto permitirá una mayor información de la distribución de los genotipos en todo el mundo, contribuyendo a la vigilancia de la parotiditis y posiblemente en la reformulación de vacunas más eficaces. Esta revisión muestra la importancia que tiene la caracterización molecular o genotipificación del virus de la parotiditis, con el propósito de comprender y explicar el comportamiento epidemiológico de esta enfermedad que ha sido ampliamente controlada por la aplicación sistemática de la vacuna a nivel mundial.
Mumps is a vaccine-preventable infectious disease, caused by mumps virus, member of Rubulavirus genus, Paramyxoviridae family, has been classified into 12 confirmed genotypes, designated as A-L and one proposed genotype, M. Usually the anti-mumps vaccines are manufactured using attenuated live virus genotypes and any of these are available as monovalent (mumps) and trivalent (measles-mumps-rubella). Although vaccination programs implemented by many countries, there have been outbreaks of mumps in epidemic form, in which has been detected co-circulation of genotypes among vaccinated populations. Possible explanations are: the primary vaccination failure, loss of high effectiveness and heterologous virus infection. Because of this, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended molecular epidemiological studies, including genotyping of circulating strains of mumps virus as part of the monitoring program. This information will allow greater distribution of genotypes worldwide, contributing to monitoring and possibly mumps reformulating more effective vaccines. This review shows the importance of molecular characterization and genotyping of mumps virus, in order to understand and explain the epidemiological behavior of the disease has been largely controlled by the systematic application of the vaccine worldwide.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Vaccines/pharmacology , Communicable Diseases/virology , Mumps virus , Public Health , GenotypeABSTRACT
Objective To analyze genetic characterization of the small hydrophobic and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase genes of mumps virus(MuV)isolated in Yunnan province,China from 2007 to 2009.Methods Fourteen MuV strains were isolated in Yunnan,China from 2007 to 2009.Using RT-PCR,the SH gene fragments contained 316 nucleotides in all strains and HN gene of six strains were sequenced.The sequences were aligned with other mumps virus sequences downloaded from GenBank using Mega 4.1 software.Results Fourteen isolated strains were closely related to other reference strains of F genotypes.In SH gene,the homology of nucleotide and amino acid among the fourteen isolated strains were 98.3%-100.0%and 96.5%-100.0%,respectively,and 92.6%%-99.4%and 87.7%-100.0% of homology when compared with that of strains isolated from other provinces in China,respectively.Wsh1 and Wsh2 strains had less homology when compared to other strains of F genotypes.The fourteen strains had homology of 84.5%-85.1%and 77.2%compared to vaccine strains on nucleotide and amino acid,respectively,and had homology of 83.4%-90.9% and 70.1%-86.0% compared to that of other genotypes.In HN gene,the homology of nucleotide and amino acid among the six isolated strains were 99.3%-99.5% and 99.1%-99.7%,respectively,and also 99.8% and 99.8% of homology respectively when compared to the SP strain in China.All the six strains had homology of 92.4%-93.2% and 95.5%-96.4% when compared to the vaecine strains on nucleotide and amino acid,respectively,and had homology of 94.7%-96.8% and 95.5%-99.1%compared to other genotypes.Conclusion Fourteen strains isolated in Yunnan from 2007 to 2009belonged to F genotype of MuV while the HN gene seemed more conservative than SH gene.
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Objective To analyze the genome sequencing of mumps virus strain 79 purified from working seeds plague and examine its phylogenetic relationship with wild type virus strain isolated in China,and to explore the efficacy of vaccine at molecular level.Methods Whole genome sequences of two substrains of S79(major and minor),were obtained with fragment amplification by RT-PCR.Genetic distances between S79 and strains identified in China were analyzed based on the phylogenic analysis of small hydrophobic protein(SH) sequences.Results The nucleotide homologies of two S79 substrains(major and minor),with a ratio of 2:5 during culture,with Jeryl Lynn(JL) strain were 99.7% and 100%,respectively.There were scattered non-homologous recombination between two substrains.The genetic distances between strain S79,which was genotype A,and wild type virus strain identified in China,which were genotype F,was 11.2% -20.0%.S79 live vaccine was composed of two substrains,major and minor component,which were highly similar to JL strain in their genome sequences,but different from JL in their ratios during culture.Conclusion Different from wild type virus strain identified in China,the genotype of S79 was A,and phylogenetically distant from other strains,which may account for the low efficacy of S79 live vaccine.The ratios of two substrains might also be of interest for further study of the vaccine protection and efficacy.
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A point mutation from guanine (G) to adenine (A) at nucleotide position 1081 in the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene has been associated with neurovirulence of Urabe AM9 mumps virus vaccine. This mutation corresponds to a glutamic acid (E) to lysine (K) change at position 335 in the HN glycoprotein. We have experimentally demonstrated that two variants of Urabe AM9 strain (HN-A1081 and HN-G1081) differ in neurotropism, sialic acidbinding affinity and neuraminidase activity. In the present study, we performed a structure-function analysis of that amino acid substitution; the structures of HN protein of both Urabe AM9 strain variants were predicted. Based on our analysis, the E/K mutation changes the protein surface properties and to a lesser extent their conformations, which in turn reflects in activity changes. Our modeling results suggest that this E/K interchange does not affect the structure of the sialic acid binding motif; however, the electrostatic surface differs drastically due to an exposed short alpha helix. Consequently, this mutation may affect the accessibility of HN to substrates and membrane receptors of the host cells. Our findings appear to explain the observed differences in neurotropism of these vaccine strains.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Genetic Variation/genetics , HN Protein/genetics , Mumps Vaccine/genetics , Mumps virus/genetics , Amino Acid Substitution/genetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Chlorocebus aethiops , Genetic Variation/immunology , HN Protein/chemistry , Mumps Vaccine/chemistry , Mumps virus/immunology , Point Mutation , Structure-Activity Relationship , Vero CellsABSTRACT
Objective To compare the genetic characteristics of mumps virus strain circulating in Beijing with vaccine strain and to preliminarily analysis the reasons of vaccine ineffectiveness. Methods The following methods were used: Isolation and identification of the mumps virus which had been circulating in Beijing, immunization history analysis, SH gene sequence analysis and comparison genotype homology with reference strains and analysis of the key amino acid sites of HN variation. Results In 38 mumps cases that virus had been isolated from, another seven cases were IgM negative. In 2007 and 2008, the positive rates on virus isolation, RT-PCR and IgMdecreased significantly, while the cases with immunization history had an increase. Cases without histories of vaccination had both higher positive rates on virus isolation and IgM. Thirty-eight strains belonged to F genotype virus, but vaccine strain was A genotype. The circulating viruses showed 5.6% sequence divergence on SH gene nucleotide and 16.0%-18.1% from vaccine strain. Conservative hydrophobic amino acids on SH protein of some Beijing strains had changed. For example, there were 6 strains, from No.8: L→F. The circulating viruses showed 2.3% sequence divergence on HN protein amino acid sequences and 4.2%-5.3% from vaccine strain. Amino acids sites, which deciding the ability of cross-neutralization of the Beijing strains and vaccine strains were different. At the 354 and 356 sites, all the Beijing strains were different from the vaccine strains. The N-glycosylation sites on HN of Beijing strains were also different from those on vaccine strains. Locations 464-466 appeared to be NCS on Beijing strain, but locations 464-466 were NCR on the vaccine strains. Another 18 unknown function amino acids sites of all Beijing strains were different from those on vaccine strains. Conclusion In recent years, genotype F became the main genotype of circulating strains in Beijing without genotype variation, but larger difference was found between them. There was a big difference between SH and HN protein of Beijing strains and vaccine strain, which might explain the ineffectiveness of the vaccine.
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The complete nucleotide sequence of the mumps virus SP, which was isolated in China, was determined. As with other mumps viruses, its genome was 15 384 nucleotides (nts) in length and encoded seven proteins. The full-length nucleotide sequence of the SP isolate differed from other strains by 4%-6.8% at the nucleotide sequence level. Due to variations of amino acids over the full genome (including the HN and N genes), this isolate exhibited significant variations in the antigenic sites. This report is the first to describe the full-length genome of a genotype F strain and provide an overview of the diversity of genetic characteristics of a circulating mumps virus.
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Vestibular neuronitis is characterized by sudden onset of vertigo, horizonto-rotatory spontaneous nystagmus, loss of caloric response on the affected side with normal otoscopic findings, normal hearing and no other neurological deficit. The pathogenesis of the disease is still unproven, though the viral origin is strongly considered. Herpes simplex virus-type 1, Mumps virus, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, Ebstein-Barr virus may have a role in the disease. Mumps virus is among the other rare causes, so we introduce a case of 13-year old girl who developed sudden vertigo with spontaneous nystagmus, nausea, and vomiting preceded by mumps in her left parotid one week ago. She was diagnosed as a vestibular neuronitis clinically, and serum IgM Ab of mumps virus was detected positive. This case supports the possible role of mumps virus in the etiology of vestibular neuronitis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cytomegalovirus , Hearing , Herpes Simplex , Immunoglobulin M , Methylmethacrylates , Mumps , Mumps virus , Nausea , Parotitis , Polystyrenes , Rubella virus , Vertigo , Vestibular Neuronitis , Viruses , VomitingABSTRACT
Apoptosis, as a part of the natural defense mechanisms that protect against viral infection, plays a vital role in the pathogenic mechanisms. It also plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diseases including many viral diseases. Mechanisms of virus-induced apoptosis are not completely understood because of the complexity of the underlying biochemical cascades and all of the participating host factors. Mumps virus belongs to the genus Rubulavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. It contains single stranded RNA genome with negative polarity. It was observed that mumps virus induced apoptosis in VeroE6 cells, and adsorption and penetration of mumps virus to cell membrane alone were not sufficient for the induction of cell death. When mumps virus was superinfected onto nucleocapsid protein (NP) expressing VeroE6 cells, cell viability and facterial titer were maintained until 13 and 12 day, respectively. The levels of p53, Bax, and Bcl-2 were increased in NP-expressing VeroE6 cells, and the increase in Bax, and Bcl-2 was outstanding. It was observed that NP protein did not directly affect the efficiency of the infection of mumps virus in NP-expressing VeroE6 cells. The levels of p53, and Bax were decreased in both mock-infected VeroE6 cells and NP-expressing VeroE6 cells infected with mumps virus. However, the Bcl-2 level was little affected by the virus infection.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adsorption , Apoptosis , Cell Death , Cell Membrane , Cell Survival , Defense Mechanisms , Genome , Mumps virus , Mumps , Nucleocapsid Proteins , Nucleocapsid , Paramyxoviridae , RNA , Rubulavirus , Virus DiseasesABSTRACT
Classical mumps patients develop bilateral or less commonly unilateral parotitis. Mumps virus belongs to the genus Rubulavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. It contains single stranded RNA genome with negative polarity. To characterize the antigenicity of mumps virus isolated in Korea, nineteen hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies to mumps virus were established by fusion of Sp2/0-Ag14 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells of mice immunized with mumps virus strain 98-40. The specificity of these monoclonal antibodies was established by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting analysis. Fifteen out of nineteen hybridoma cell lines secreted IgG monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against mumps virus, and the remaining four secreted IgM. The isotypes of thirteen clones of 19 MAbs were IgG1, two were IgG2a, and four were IgM. Eight MAbs reacted with a 68 kDa nucleocapsid protein, six MAbs reacted with a 46 kDa phosphoprotein, and five MAbs reacted with a 42 kDa matrix protein.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Cell Line , Clone Cells , Genome , Hybridomas , Immunoblotting , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M , Korea , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Mumps virus , Mumps , Nucleocapsid Proteins , Paramyxoviridae , Parotitis , RNA , Rubulavirus , Sensitivity and Specificity , SpleenABSTRACT
Myositis caused by mumps virus is very rare. Mumps virus has been suggested as a causative agent of inclusion body myositis, but there has been no definite evidence. We experienced a case of severe myositis associated with mumps virus infection. A 21-year old man was admitted because of myalgia, headache, fever, and chill for 2 months. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis performed at a local clinic showed findings compatible with viral meningitis. His blood chemistry results revealed elevated levels of serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and serum myoglobin. On the 5th day of admission, the patient showed pain and swelling of parotid gland and scrotum. Electromyography was compatible with inflammatory myopathy. Muscle biopsy of his calf muscle revealed necrotizing (leukocytoclastic) vasculitis and multifocal myolysis with multinucleation. We suspected mumps virus infection because of his symptoms of meningitis, epididymo-orchitis and parotitis. Mumps virus was isolated in throat culture. The past medical history of the patient's mumps virus vaccination was unclear. After 2 weeks of supportive treatment, the patient's condition was improved.
Subject(s)
Humans , Young Adult , Biopsy , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Chemistry , Creatine Kinase , Electromyography , Fever , Headache , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Meningitis , Meningitis, Viral , Mumps virus , Mumps , Myalgia , Myoglobin , Myositis , Myositis, Inclusion Body , Parotid Gland , Parotitis , Pharynx , Scrotum , Vaccination , VasculitisABSTRACT
Cultura de células de linhagem contínua de rim de hamster (BHK-21) demonstrou ser um sistema mais sensível e mais rápido para o isolamento do vírus da caxumba, quando comparado com o de ovos embrionados de galinha. Estas células podem ser cultivadas sem dificuldade, em laboratório, ao contrário das células primárias de rim de macaco, igualmente sensíveis mas que são de difícil obtenção. A utilização de células BHK-21 para o isolamento do vírus da caxumba, do material biológico, constitui uma boa alternativa no diagnóstico das infecções causadas por esse vírus (AU).