Fatores associados ao homicídio de mulheres no Brasil, segundo raça/cor, 2016-2020 / Factors associated with homicides of women in Brazil, by race or colour, 2016-2020

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as taxas de homicídios contra mulheres residentes no Brasil, segundo unidades da federação e raça/cor, no período de 2016 a 2020. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de tendência temporal. Foi realizada análise múltipla adotando-se modelo de regressão para dados longitudinais. No período, ocorreram no Brasil 20.405 homicídios de mulheres e as taxas padronizadas mostraram que as mulheres negras (6,1/100.000) apresentaram as maiores taxas, em comparação às brancas (3,4/100.000). O Brasil apresentou queda de 25,2% de 2016 a 2020. A taxa de homicídio variou de 4,7 mortes por 100 mil mulheres em 2016 para 3,5 em 2020, mas a tendência decrescente e estatisticamente significante foi observada nas taxas de mulheres negras e brancas. As variáveis IDH, taxa de analfabetismo e proporção de causas mal definidas apresentaram uma relação inversa e estatisticamente significante com as taxas de homicídio de mulheres. Nos anos de 2019 e 2020 houve uma diminuição da taxa média de homicídio em relação ao ano de 2016. Apesar do decrescimento na evolução temporal das taxas para negras e brancas, houve diferenças raciais importantes nos homicídios de mulheres, com piores resultados para as mulheres negras.

Abstract This ecological, time-trend study examined rates of homicide against women residing in Brazil, by state and race/colour, from 2016 to 2020, by performing. Multiple analysis by regression model on longitudinal data. During the study period, 20,405 homicides of women were recorded in Brazil. Standardised homicides rates were higher among black women (6.1/100,000) than among white women (3.4/100,000). From 2016 to 2020, rates decreased 25.2%, from 4.7 deaths per 100,000 women in 2016 to 3.5 in 2020, with a statistically significant downward trend among both black and white women. Statistically significant inverse relationships were found between female homicide rates and HDI, illiteracy rate and proportion of ill-defined causes. The average homicide rate decreased in 2019 and 2020, as compared with 2016. Despite the decreasing time trend in homicide rates for both black and white women, they differed substantially by race, with worse outcomes for black women.

Blumenau, April 5, 2023: The point of view of psychiatry / Blumenau, 5 de abril de 2023: O ponto de vista da psiquiatria

ABSTRACT The goal of this editorial is to analyse a recent case of mass murder under the psychiatric perspective.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente editorial é o de analisar, sob a perspectiva da psiquiatria, um caso recente de homicídio em massa.

Homicidios intencionales en la salud. Un tema huérfano de la seguridad asistencial / Intentional homicides in health. An ignored topic in healthcare security / Homicídios dolosos em saúde. Uma questão órfã de segurança de saúde

Resumen: Los homicidios intencionales cometidos por los trabajadores sanitarios durante el desempeño de sus tareas son eventos muy poco frecuentes. Su importancia reside en que a través de su análisis se exponen las debilidades estructurales y funcionales de los sistemas de salud. Sus efectos nocivos no se limitan a las víctimas y sus familias, sino que resulta dañada la confiabilidad del sistema sanitario en su conjunto. El presente artículo resume las características de estos ataques, haciendo énfasis en las estrategias de la seguridad asistencial que pueden interceptar a los ofensores.

Abstract: Intentional homicides committed by health workers in the course of their duties are very rare events. Its importance resides in the fact that the structural and functional weaknesses of health systems are exposed through its analysis. Moreover, their harmful effects are not limited to the victims and their families, since the reliability of the health system as a whole is damaged. This article summarizes the characteristics of these attacks, emphasizing the strategies of healthcare security that can intercept offenders.

Resumo: Homicídios dolosos cometidos por profissionais de saúde no exercício de suas funções são eventos muito raros. A sua importância reside no fato de, através da sua análise, expor as fragilidades estruturais e funcionais dos sistemas de saúde. Seus efeitos nocivos não se limitam às vítimas e suas famílias, e faz com que a confiabilidade no sistema de saúde como um todo fique prejudicada. Este artigo resume as características desses ataques, enfatizando as estratégias de segurança da saúde que podem interceptar os infratores.

Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade por homicídios intencionais no município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, 2011-2016 / Epidemiological profile of intentional homicide mortality in João Pessoa, Paraíba (2011-2016) / Perfil epidemiológico de mortalidad por homicidios intencionales en el municipio de João Pessoa, Paraíba, en 2011-2016

Analisar o perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade por homicídios intencionais, no município de João Pessoa (PB). Estudo retrospectivo, exploratório e quantitativo. Utilizaram-se dados dos homicídios dolosos, das vítimas residentes no município entre 2011-2016, através do cruzamento do banco de dados do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade (SIM) e Secretaria de Estado da Segurança e Defesa Social da Paraíba (SESDS-PB). Foram analisadas as variáveis: ano de ocorrência, sexo, estado civil, faixa etária, raça/cor, escolaridade, antecedentes criminais, tipo de arma utilizada pelo agressor, local da ocorrência, modus operandi, turno/horário e dia da semana. Do total de ocorrências (nº = 2628), o perfil predominante das vítimas de homicídios intencionais foi de pessoas do sexo masculino (92,3%), solteiros (76,1%), de cor parda (93,7%), entre 15 e 29 anos (64,2%), com baixa escolaridade (80,0%), vitimadas por arma de fogo (90,0%), com histórico de envolvimento em atividades criminosas (65,0%), ocorridos em via pública (83,5%), no turno da noite e madrugada (61,5%) e nos finais de semana (49,7%). Tendo os homicídios como um grave problema para a saúde pública, faz-se necessário o monitoramento contínuo desses eventos para o estabelecimento de ações adequadas para sua redução.

This study analyzes the epidemiological profile of intentional homicide mortality in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. A retrospective, exploratory, and quantitative research was conducted with data from the intentional homicides committed in the municipality between 2011-2016, obtained by crossing the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the Department of Security and Social Defense of Paraíba (SESDS-PB) databases. Year of occurrence, gender, marital status, age, race/color, schooling level, criminal history, type of weapon used, place of occurrence, modus operandi, time of day and day of the week were the variables analyzed. Of the total occurrences (n = 2628), the predominant profile of intentional homicide victims were men (92.3%), single (76.1%), brown (93.7%), between 15 and 29 years old (64.2%), with low schooling level (80.0%), victimized by firearm (90.0%), with a history of criminal activities (65.0%), occurred on public roads (83.5%), at night and dawn (61.5%), and on weekends (49.7%). As homicide constitute a serious public health issue, it must be continuously monitored to establish appropriate reduction actions.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el perfil epidemiológico de la mortalidad por homicidios intencionales en el municipio de João Pessoa, Paraíba (Brasil). Este es un estudio retrospectivo, exploratorio y cuantitativo. Se utilizaron datos de los homicidios dolosos, de las víctimas residentes en el municipio entre 2011-2016 a través del cruce con el banco de datos del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad (SIM) y la Secretaría de Estado de Seguridad y Defensa Social de Paraíba (SESDS-PB). Se analizaron las variables: año de ocurrencia, sexo, estado civil, grupo de edad, raza/color, nivel de estudios, antecedentes penales, tipo de arma utilizada por el agresor, lugar de la ocurrencia, modus operandi, turno/horario y día de la semana. Del total de ocurrencias (n = 2628), el perfil predominante de las víctimas de homicidios intencionales fue de personas del sexo masculino (92,3%), solteros (76,1%), de color parda (93,7%), entre 15 y 29 años (64,2%), con bajo nivel de estudios (80,0%), victimizadas por arma de fuego (90,0%), con histórico de involucramiento en actividades criminales (65,0%), ocurridos en vía pública (83,5%), en el turno de la noche y madrugada (61,5%) y los fines de semana (49,7%). Teniendo en cuenta que los homicidios son un grave problema para la salud pública, es necesario el monitoreo continuo de estos eventos para el establecimiento de acciones adecuadas para su reducción.

Rastro conductual del asaltante sexual serial desde la perfilación criminal inductiva / Behavioral trace of the serial sexual assailant from the inductive criminal profiling

Resumen La perfilación criminal ha despertado interés tanto en el contexto académico como en la cotidianidad, debido a la multiplicidad de casos aberrantes que se presentan día a día en el mundo. Es por eso que el objetivo de este artículo fue identificar a la luz del enfoque estadístico por facetas, desde la perfilación criminal de tipo inductiva, patrones conductuales inferidos de la información que se dispone de la escena del crimen de los casos de caso de Luis Alfredo Garavito Cubillo, alias "La Bestia" quien violentó y asesinó a más de 172 niños y el de Javier Velasco Valenzuela quien asesino, violó y torturó, bajo la modalidad de empalamiento, a Rosa Elvira Cely.

Abstract Criminal profiling has sparked interest both in the academic context and in daily life, due to the multiplicity of aberrant cases that occur day by day in the world. That is why the objective of this article was to identify the light of the statistical approach by facets, from inductive criminal profiling, behavioral patterns inferred from the information available at the crime scene of the cases of Luis Alfredo Garavito's case. Cubillo, alias "La Bestia", who rapes and murdered more than 172 children and Javier Velasco Valenzuela, who murdered, raped and tortured Rosa Elvira Cely in the form of impalement.

Defining and Explaining Serial Murders in the United States / 대한법의학회지

Serial murder cases in the United States, due to the fact they are rare in numbers and each case has complex nature of the crime, have presented challenges to law enforcement officers and investigators. Academic scholars also have faced obstacles explaining causes of murder within a specific theoretical framework. A steadily rising number of serial murders in recent years prompted this paper to examine the nature of serial murders and their causes in search of answers to questions of ‘who they are’ and ‘why they commit such crimes’ Reviewing research studies on serial murder and/or empirical tests of typology of serial murder provided a mixed results and presented a difficulty of classifying serial murders into mutually exclusive categories.

Apoio institucional a famílias de vítimas de homicídio: análise das concepções de profissionais da saúde e assistência social / Institutional support to families of homicide victims: analysis of the perceptions of health and social assistance professionals / Apoyo institucional a las familias de víctimas de homicidio: análisis de las concepciones de los profesionales de salud y asistencia social

Resumo Discute-se o apoio social das instituições aos familiares de vítimas de homicídio com base na análise das concepções de profissionais da atenção básica à saúde e da assistência social que atuam no município de São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 21 profissionais de Unidades de Saúde da Família, Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social, em 2018. Alguns profissionais reconhecem o sofrimento desencadeado pela perda de familiares por homicídio e os impactos desse evento na saúde física e mental da população. Entretanto, evidenciam as dificuldades em abordar essa temática e pouco reconhecem as possibilidades desses serviços no suporte a essas famílias. Conclui-se que os serviços de saúde e assistência social não estão preparados para atender às necessidades dos familiares de vítimas de homicídio, em parte pela cronicidade da violência nesses territórios onde trabalham e, às vezes, vivem. A problemática demanda a formulação de políticas públicas de apoio a essas famílias e de sensibilização e capacitação dos profissionais que lidam com essa população. A ausência de apoio social reforça o isolamento dos familiares de vítimas e intensifica os impactos na saúde, podendo, inclusive, levar a uma morte prematura.

Abstract Social support of the institutions to family members of homicide victims is discussed based on the analysis of the perceptions of professionals in primary health care and social assistance who work in the city of São Gonçalo, Brazil. Interviews were conducted with 21 professionals from Family Health Units, Extended Family Health Center and Specialized Social Assistance Reference Center, in 2018. Some professionals recognize the suffering triggered by the loss of family members due to homicide and physical and mental health impacts of this event on the population. However, they demonstrate difficulties in addressing this issue and little acknowledge the possibilities that these services offer in supporting these families. We conclude that health and social assistance services are not prepared to meet the needs of family members of victims of homicide, partly due to the perpetuity of violence in the areas where they work and sometimes live. The problem demands the formulation of public policies to support these families and to raise awareness and improve training for professionals who deal with this population. The absence of social support reinforces the isolation of the relatives of victims and intensifies the impacts on health, which can even lead to premature death.

Resumen El apoyo social que las instituciones ofrecen a los familiares de las víctimas de homicidio es discutido en base al análisis de las concepciones de los profesionales de atención básica de salud y de la asistencia social que trabajan en la ciudad de São Gonçalo, Brasil. Se realizaron entrevistas con 21 profesionales de las Unidades de Salud Familiar, Núcleo Extendido de Salud Familiar y el Centro de Referencia Especializada de Asistencia Social, en 2018. Algunos profesionales reconocen el sufrimiento que provoca la pérdida de miembros de familia debido al homicidio y los impactos de este evento en la salud física y mental de la población. Sin embargo, constatan las dificultades para abordar este tema y reconocen poco las posibilidades de estos servicios para apoyar a estas familias. Se concluye que los servicios de salud y asistencia social no están preparados para atender las necesidades de los familiares de las víctimas de homicidio, en parte debido a la cronicidad de la violencia en los territorios donde trabajan y a veces viven. La problemática demanda la formulación de políticas públicas de apoyo a estas familias y sensibilizar y capacitar a los profesionales que se ocupan de esta población. La ausencia de apoyo social refuerza el aislamiento de los familiares de las víctimas e intensifica los impactos en la salud, lo que incluso puede conducir a muerte prematura.

Os adolescentes brasileiros em conflito com a lei / Brazilian adolescents in conflict with the law / Los adolescentes brasileños en conflicto con la Ley / Les adolescents brésiliens en conflit avec la loi

Ao contrário de uma imagem de integração harmoniosa, o destino dos jovens brasileiros pobres, nascidos de populações descendentes de escravos deportados da África, envolve uma violência social muitas vezes extremada. Assassinato e suicídio são a trágica sina de dezenas de milhares de adolescentes todos os anos. Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar essa violência social e analisar suas fontes. Observa-se uma conexão muito estreita entre estratificação e discriminação social, o que produz uma desqualificação da lei simbólica e das leis sociais. Esse entrelaçamento repete-se de maneira feroz em instituições destinadas a acolher, proteger e acompanhar os adolescentes. Elas reproduzem uma negação da lei simbólica e violam as leis sociais, agindo como grandes transgressoras das proibições fundamentais. A prevalência da lei do mais forte, reivindicada tanto por profissionais quanto por adolescentes, configura um conjunto institucional sob o primado do fálico, a partir de uma posição de rigidez e legitimação da violência, associada a uma tomada do poder por figuras e autoridades tirânicas.

Contrary to a much touted image of harmonious integration, poor young Brazilians born to populations descended from slaves deported from Africa are often exposed to extreme social violence. Murder and suicide are the tragic fate of tens of thousands of adolescents every year. The purpose of this article is to characterize this social violence and analyze its sources. A close intertwining of social stratification and discrimination has been observed, overturning both symbolic Law and social laws. This intertwining is strongly reinforced in institutions supposed to embrace, protect, and guide these adolescents, such that institutions reproduce a denial of symbolic Law and violate social laws, acting in practice as powerful transgressors of fundamental prohibitions. A prevailing law of the strongest, claimed by both professionals and adolescents, delineates an institutional framework operating under the primacy of the phallic, marked by a stance of rigidity and legitimization of violence, associated with power wielded by tyrannical figures and authorities.

Al contrario de una imagen de integración armoniosa, el destino de los jóvenes brasileños pobres, nacidos en poblaciones de descendientes de esclavos deportados de África, sufren una violen-cia social muchas veces extrema. Asesinato y suicidio son el trágico destino de decenas de miles de adolescentes todos los años. Este artículo tiene como objetivo caracterizar esa violencia social y anali-zar sus fuentes. Se observa que ha habido un entrelazamiento muy estrecho entre estratificación y dis-criminación social lo que produce una descalificación de la Ley simbólica y de las leyes sociales. Este entrelazamiento se repite de forma feroz en instituciones destinadas a acoger, proteger y acompañar a estos adolescentes, de forma tal que producen una negación de la Ley simbólica y violan las leyes so-ciales, actuando como grandes transgresoras de las prohibiciones fundamentales. La predominancia de la ley del más fuerte, reivindicada tanto por profesionales como por adolescentes, configura un conjunto institucional bajo la primacía de lo fálico, a partir de una posición de rigidez y legitimación de la violencia, asociada a una toma del poder por figuras y autoridades tiránicas.

Au contrario d'une image d'intégration harmonieuse, le destin des jeunes brésiliens pauvres, issus des populations (natives ou) descendantes des esclaves déportés d'Afrique, subissent une violence sociale trop souvent extrême. Le meurtre et le suicide constituent le destin tragique de dizaine de milliers de ces adolescents chaque année. Cet article vise à caractériser cette violence sociale et en analyser les ressorts. Il montre qu'il s'est instauré un nouage très serré entre une stratification et une discrimination sociale (s qui produisent) ce qui produit une disqualification de la Loi symbolique et des lois sociales. Ce nouage se rejoue de manière féroce dans les institutions destinées à accueillir, protéger et accompagner ces adolescents de telle sorte qu'elles reproduisent un déni de la Loi symbolique et bafouent les lois sociales en agissant des transgressions majeures des interdits fondamentaux. La prévalence de la loi du plus fort revendiquée par les professionnels comme par les adolescents, configure l'ensemble institutionnel sous le primat du phallique et partant d'une position de dureté et de légitimation de la violence, associées à une prise de pouvoir par des figures et des instances tyranniques.

Death and Survival of Patients with Hansen's Disease in Colonial Korea / 의사학

The purpose of this research is to describe how Hansen's disease patients experienced the modern system of control of Hansen's disease introduced by Japan, and the inimical attitude of society against them in colonial Korea. The study also seeks to reveal the development of the system to eliminate Hansen's disease patients from their home and community to larger society and leprosarium in this era. Sorokdo Charity hospital (SCH), a hospital for Hansen's disease patients, was built in 1916, and vagrant Hansen's disease patients began to be isolated in this hospital beginning in 1917 by the Japanese Government-General of Korea (JGGK). Once the police detained and sent vagrant Hansen's disease patients to SCH, stigma and discrimination against them strengthened in Korean society. Because of strong stigma and discrimination in Korean society, Hansen's disease patients suffered from daily threats of death. First, their family members were not only afraid of the contagiousness of Hansen's disease but also the stigma and discrimination against themselves by community members. If a family had a Hansen's disease patient, the rest of community members would discriminate against the entire family. Furthermore, because Hansen's disease patients were excluded from any economic livelihood such as getting a job, the existence of the patients was a big burden for their families. Therefore, many patients left their homes and began their vagrancy. The patients who could not leave their homes committed suicide or were killed by their family members. The victims of such deaths were usually women, who were at the lower position in the family hierarchy. In the strong Confucian society in Korea, more female patients were killed by themselves than male patients. Moreover, all of patients victims in the murder were women. This shows that the stigma and discrimination against Hansen's disease patients within their families were stronger against women than men. Strong stigma and discrimination made the patients rely on superstition such as cannibalism. Patients believed that there were not any effective medicine. There were a few reports of patients who were cured, and many were treated with chaulmoogra oil in the modern Hansen's disease hospitals. Eating human flesh was known as a folk remedy for Hansen's disease. As such, patients began to kill healthy people, usually children, to eat their flesh. Increased stigma led to increased victims. Hansen's disease patients who left their homes faced many threats during their vagrancy. For survival, they established their own organizations in the late 1920's. The patients who were rejected to be hospitalized in the Western Hansen's disease hospital at Busan, Daegu, and Yeosu organized self-help organizations. The purpose of these organizations was first to secure the medicine supply of chaulmoogra oil. However, as stigma and discrimination strengthened, these organizations formed by Hansen's disease patients demanded the Japanese Government-General of Korea to send and segregate them on Sorok island. They did not know the situation of the inside of this island because news media described it as a haven for patients, and very few patients were discharged from this island to tell the truth. On this island, several hundreds of patients were killed by compulsory heavy labor, starvation, and violence. They were not treated as patients, but as something to be eliminated. Under strong suppression on this island, the patients resisted first by escaping this island. However, in 1937, some patients tried to kill a Korean staff but failed. Attempted murderers were all put in the jail, also located on this island. In 1941, a patient murdered another patient who had harassed other patients, and in 1942, Chunsang Lee, a patient, killed the director of Sorok island. These instances show that there was a system to eliminate Hansen's disease patients in colonial Korea.

Social Perceptions of Quack in Qing Dynasty and Its Transformation in the Late Qing Period / 의사학

“Yong-yi” means “quack” in English, which generally refers to a doctor who does not have good medical skills. In the Ming and Qing dynasties in China, various criticism about “Yong-yi” became popularized, and by the late Qing period, “quacks” had become a serious social issue. The theory of traditional Chinese medicine was developed during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and local medical resources also increased. Moreover, the prevalence of medical book publishing led to the openness and generalization of medical knowledge. As a result, not only the number of doctors increased, but also the number of doctors who lack medical knowledge and clinical experience increased. However, at the outset, “Yong-yi” did not only mean doctors with poor medical skills. “Yong-yi” also reflected conflicts and contradictions between doctors. Doctors consistently criticized quacks in an attempt to maintain their identity as a “good” doctor or a Confucian doctor. In this sense, “Yong-yi” was used among physicians as an expression of discrimination and exclusion. The concept of “quackery” was also determined by the relationship between patients and doctors. In general, itinerant doctors, midwives and shaman doctors were regarded as “Yong-yi”; however, they served the medical needs of various patients. Thus, to some extent, “Yong-yi” were also useful medical resources. On the contrary, in certain situations, “shiyi,” physicians who serviced a family for generations and were generally believed to be reliable and as trustworthy doctors, were also labelled as quacks, especially when the patient did not trust them or was not satisfied with the treatment. Therefore, doctors' thoughts about “Yong-yi” did not always coincide with patients' thoughts about “Yong-yi.” However, by the late Qing period, the description of quacks in media reports found a singular connotation, and the divergent social image of quacks disappeared. By this time, quacks were uniformly described as ignorant and irresponsible Chinese medicine practitioners. Specifically, in one murder case in which a “Yong-yi” was accused as the murderer, the report unilaterally reported the patient's claims. Consequently, Chinese medicine practitioners who failed in their treatment of patients became labeled as “quack” doctors. In newspaper reports, “Yong-yi” no longer simply referred to individual cases of “quacks” but had come to represent the entirety of the Chinese medicine practitioner community. On the contrary, Western medical doctors who replaced the status of traditional doctors were positively portrayed. Pictorials also had similar perspectives with newspapers, supporting the narrative of the news with ironic drawings and articles. Overall, media reports regarding “Yong-yi” did not focus on reporting facts, but they had the purpose of making quacks a serious social problem.

Política, o Outro da psicanálise: terror e radicalização / Politics, the Other of Psychoanalysis: terror and radicalization / Política, el Otro del psicoanálisis: terror y radicalización / La politique, l'Autre de la psychanalyse: terreur et radicalisation

A partir de eventos terroristas recentes, pretende-se mostrar como os psicanalistas, já há muito tempo, têm se preocupado com o terror disseminado, desde a ascensão do nazismo até a Guerra do Vietnã, desde o pavor de mulheres e crianças diante de bombardeios até situações clínicas em que o medo se instala. Neste percurso, evocam-se diversos autores que se preocuparam com o terror e que ofereceram subsídios à psicanálise, esclarecendo suas dificuldades atuais com formas manifestas de terror social.

In light of recent terrorist attacks, the author's purpose is to show how psychoanalysts have long studied the issue of widespread terror. His paper examines from the rise of Nazism to the Vietnam War, from the horror that women and children experienced when attacked by bombs to psychoanalytical therapies in which fear is established. Following this path, this paper mentions authors who tackled terror, authors from whose ideas Psychoanalysis might benefit by enabling the understanding of current issues when facing manifest ways of social terror.

A partir de los recientes acontecimientos terroristas, aquí se pretende mostrar cómo los psicoanalistas se han interesado desde siempre por el terror diseminado, desde la ascensión del nazismo hasta la guerra de Vietnam, desde el pavor de las mujeres y los niños frente a los bombardeos hasta las situaciones clínicas donde el miedo se ha instaurado. En este recorrido, el autor menciona a diversos autores que se han interesado por el terror y que podrían traer beneficios al psicoanálisis, destacando sus dificultades frente a formas manifiestas del terror social.

À partir d'événements terroristes récents, cet article essaie de montrer comment depuis toujours les psychanalystes se sont souciés de la terreur disséminée: depuis l'ascension du Nazisme jusqu'à la guerre du Vietnam, depuis la frayeur des femmes et des enfants face à des bombardements, jusqu'à l'installation de la peur dans certaines situations cliniques. Ce faisant, le texte évoque différents auteurs qui se sont souciés de la terreur et qui pourraient apporter des subsides à la psychanalyse, de façon à éclairer ses difficultés actuelles face à des formes manifestes de terreur sociale.

Homicidio y disfuncionalidad familiar / Homicide and family dysfunction

Introducción: La familia es la instancia de intermediación entre el individuo y la sociedad. Es en ella donde la persona adquiere sus primeras experiencias, valores y concepción del mundo. Constituye el espacio por excelencia para el desarrollo de la identidad y es el primer grupo de socialización del individuo. Una familia con un funcionamiento apropiado, o familia funcional, origina el desarrollo integral de sus miembros y logra la subsistencia de estados de salud favorables en estas. Por otra parte, una familia disfuncional o con un funcionamiento inadecuado, debe ser considerada como factor de riesgo, al favorecer la aparición de enfermedades en sus miembros y la ocurrencia de hechos violentos, como el homicidio. Objetivo: Explorar la relación que existe entre la disfuncionalidad familiar y el delito de homicidio. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación retrospectiva e indirecta de todos los homicidios acaecidos en el contexto familiar en La Habana durante el año 2013, utilizando para la misma el método de autopsia psicológica. Conclusiones: En el homicidio, como máxima expresión de la violencia, existe un estrecho vínculo entre los protagonistas del homicidio y la disfuncionalidad familiar, dado por el hacinamiento, la promiscuidad y la actividad ilícita como medio de sustentación familiar, unido a esto el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas(AU)

Introduction: Family is the instance of intermediation between the individual and society. In the family, the person acquires his/her first experiences, values ​​and conception of the world. It constitutes the space par excellence for the development of identity and is the first group of socialization of the individual. A family with an appropriate functioning, or a functional family, originates the integral development of its members and achieves the subsistence of favorable health states in these. On the other hand, a dysfunctional family or one with an inadequate functioning, should be considered as a risk factor, favoring the onset of diseases in its members and the occurrence of violent acts, such as homicide. Objective: To explore the relationship between family dysfunctionality and the crime of homicide. Methods: A retrospective and indirect research was carried out of all homicides occurred in the family context in Havana during 2013, using the method of psychological autopsy. Conclusions: In homicide, as the maximum expression of violence, there is a close link between the homicide protagonists and family dysfunction, given by overcrowding, promiscuity and illegal activity as a means of family support, together with the consumption of alcohol and other drugs(AU)

Trastornos mentales y homicidio / Mental disorders and homicide

Introducción: El delito de homicidio es uno de los más graves y perjudiciales a la sociedad; es la forma más extrema de expresión y resolución de los conflictos sociales entre las personas y los colectivos. En la historia del ser humano, la existencia de trastornos mentales en los protagonistas de la violencia social, en especial del homicidio, ha sido una realidad constante, en algunos casos magnificada, aunque determinadas entidades, como el Trastorno de la Personalidad Antisocial, han demostrado tener una significación estadística en aquellos homicidios que se apegan más a patrones de violencia instrumental o predatoria. Objetivo: Caracterizar psicopatológicamente a los autores de homicidios acaecidos en La Habana que fueron peritados en el período 2011- 2013. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de todos los expedientes de los acusados autores del delito de homicidio peritados por el Departamento de Peritación Mental del Instituto de Medicina Legal durante el período 2011- 2013. Conclusiones: Existen características psicopatológicas de los homicidas que los clasifican como personalidades patológicas de tipo antisocial y orgánica, al igual que consumidores perjudiciales de alcohol, lo cual justifica el patrón de violencia instrumental, las incitaciones interpersonales unido a un patrón de violencia reactiva, y a comportamientos no planificados, que salen de su control, por las dificultades que presentan para contener sus impulsos. En pocos casos son portadores de verdaderas enfermedades psiquiátricas(AU)

Introduction: The crime of homicide is one of the most serious and harmful to any society. It is the most extreme form of expression and resolution of social conflicts between people and groups. In the history of the human beings, the existence of mental disorders in the protagonists of social violence, especially murdering, has been a constant reality, in some cases magnified, although certain entities, such as the antisocial personality disorder, have been shown to have a statistical significance in those homicides that are more attached to patterns of instrumental or predatory violence. Objective: To characterize psycho-pathologically the authors of homicides that occurred in Havana and were reported in the period 2011-2013. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted with all the files of the perpetrators prosecuted for the crime of homicide reported by the Department of Mental Perception of the Institute of Legal Medicine during the period 2011-2013. Conclusions: There are psycho-pathological characteristics of homicides that classify them as with pathological personalities of antisocial and organic type, as well as harmful consumers of alcohol, which justifies the pattern of instrumental violence, interpersonal incitements together with a pattern of reactive violence, and behaviors unplanned, out of control, by the difficulties they present to restrain their impulses. In a few cases, they are carriers of true psychiatric illnesses(AU)

Mechanical profiles of murder and murderers: An extensive review

@#Introduction: Murder is an extreme form of violent crime which occurs across all social, cultural, and ethnic spheres. It is therefore, crucial to understand the nature and the extent of mechanical profiles of murder and murderers. The purpose of this article is to review such critical aspects of murder in a nutshell. Methods: An archival research methodology was employed in this study where relevant search for literatures on these mechanical aspects related to murder was made across search engines such as Google Scholar and Elsevier with relevant articles selected for this review. Results and Discussion: This review discusses in an in-depth manner, pivotal mechanical profiles which include motives, methods of killing, choice of weapon, settings, targeted body parts, and murder victim concealment. In-depth understanding of each mechanical aspect offers an opportunity to the public at large to expand their knowledge on murder prevention manners which is vital for crime prevention efforts in the future.

"La ciudad más insegura del mundo": homicidio y crimen en Bogotá, 1988-1994 / "The most unsafe city in the world": homicide and crime in Bogota, 1988-1994 / "A cidade mais perigosa do mundo": o homicídio e o crime em Bogotá, 1988-1994

Resumen Esta investigación tiene como objetivo mostrar el panorama del crimen y del homicidio en un período histórico definitivo para la capital de la república (1988-1994). Se intenta dar sentido al rótulo de "la ciudad más insegura del mundo", que apela a un título que circuló en medios de comunicación y que se expande debido a los hechos de violencia y crimen que flagelaban a Bogotá. Método: un análisis cualitativo resulta fundamental ante la fragmentación de los datos estadísticos que son propios del contexto histórico abordado. Se revisaron fuentes de información de diversa índole; la Revista Criminalidad constituye una fuente valiosa de información, tanto estadística como de análisis criminológico. Resultados: por un lado, existen por lo menos tres escenarios de la violencia que pueden explicar el incremento de las tasas del homicidio en Bogotá; por otro, entre los agentes del crimen, que también aumentan, la delincuencia común surge como protagonista. Conclusiones: este acercamiento plantea la discusión sobre el fenómeno de la delincuencia común, neurálgica en las urbes, que poco ha sido tratada por los estudiosos. El ambiente de inseguridad en la ciudad combinó tanto los efectos del conflicto político nacional como los del conflicto local.

Abstract The objective of this research consists of revealing the Outlook of crime and homicide in a historical period of Paramount importance for the capital of the Republic of Colombia (1988- 1994). The purpose is to give a real sense to her label of "the most unsafe city in the world" that responds to a title that circulated and expanded on the media as a result of the scourge of violent facts and episodes of violence affecting Bogota. The method: a qualitative analysis is essential in the face of the fragmentation of statistical data that are common to the historical context addressed. Information sources of va ried nature were reviewed: the magazine Revista Criminalidad is a valuable one in both statistics and criminological analysis areas. Results: on the one side, there are at least three scenarios of violence that may explain the rising homicide rates in Bogota; likewise, on the other side among a growing number of crime agents, also rampant common crime is emerging as leading character played by a leading actor. Conclusions: This approach lays out the discussion on the common delinquency phenomenon, a neuralgic aspect in cities having been poorly dealt with by scholars. The present environment and feeling of insecurity have merged the impacts of both the national political conflict and local confrontation.

Resumo Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo mostrar o panorama do crime e do homicídio em um período histórico definitivo para a capital da república (1988-1994). Tenta-se dar sentido ao rótulo da "cidade mais perigosa do mundo", que apela a um título que circularou na mídia e se expande devido à violência e criminalidade que assolava Bogotá. Método: uma análise qualitativa é fundamental para a fragmentação de dados estatísticos que são específicos do contexto histórico abordado. Diferentes fontes de informação foram revisados; a Revista Criminalidad é uma valiosa fonte de informação, tan to estatística quanto de análise criminológica. Resultados: de um lado, há pelo menos três cenários de violência que podem explicar o aumento das taxas de homicídios em Bogotá; de outro, entre os agentes do crime, que também aumentam, a delinquência comum emerge como protagonista. Conclusões: esta abordagem expor a discussão sobre o fenómeno da delinquência comum, neurálgica nas cidades, e pouco tem sido tratada pelos estudiosos. O clima de insegurança na cidade combinou os efeitos do conflito político nacional e o conflito local.

Descriptive study of autopsies in the Atlantic and Magdalena departments / Estudio descriptivo de las autopsias en los departamentos Atlántico y Magdalena

Abstract The present study is aimed to determine some epidemiological aspects related to homicides committed by hired killers with firearms. We conducted a data collection survey of historical records from the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences. The sample (n = 310) is composed of homicide victims in 2007 in the departments of Atlántico and Magdalena. We found that 93.5 % of the victims were male. Most of the victims (38.7 %) were found in the age range between 21 and 30 years old. A high percentage (32.9 %) of the victims were unmar ried. The most common racial trait was the "mestizo" (94.2 %). A percentage of 48.4 % of the victims had a height between 161 and 170 cms. The days with higher incidence of killings were Mondays (19 %) and Fridays (18.4 %). The places where most of the murders happened were "in public" places with a percentage of 33.2 %. The most common number of bullet impacts was "2" with a 21.3 %. The most common body region impacted was on the head. Finally the paper presents the findings of the study.

Resumen El presente estudio se propuso determinar algunos aspectos epidemiológicos relacionados con los homicidos cometidos por sicarios con arma de fuego. Se realiza una colección de registros históri cos del Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses. La muestra (n=310) está compuesta por víctimas de homicidio del año 2007 en los departamentos Atlántico y Magdalena. Se encontró que el 93,5 % de las víctimas eran de sexo masculino. La mayoría de las víctimas (38,7 %) se en contraban en el rango de edad de 21 a 30 años. Un alto porcentaje (32,9 %) de las víctimas vivían en unión libre. El rasgo facial más común era el "mestizo" (94,2 %). El 48,4 % de las víctimas me dia entre 161 y 170 centímetros de estatura. Los días con mayor incidencia eran los lunes (19 %) y los viernes (18,4 %). Los lugares descritos como "públicos" fue donde ocurrieron la mayoría de los homicidios con un porcentaje del 33,2 %. "2" fue el número de impactos de bala más común con un 21,3 %. La región corporal que fue impactada con mayor frecuencia se trató del área de la cabeza. Finalmente, el artículo presenta los resultados del estudio.

Psychological markers underlying murder weapon profile: a quantitative study

The horrific nature of murder using different types of weapons has been an important focal point ofmany criminological studies. Weapons that are used in murders seem to play dominant roles in murderinvestigations as they may provide information leading to arrest. The established factors for weaponusage include environmental context, demography and availability of weapons. However, there isinsufficient research attention on the psychological functioning of murderers for particular weaponusage. In light of this, the current study seeks to narrow this gap of information by identifying theinfluences of psychological traits on weapon usage among a sample of male murderers. The presentcross-sectional study was conducted among 71 male murderers incarcerated in 11 prisons withinPeninsular Malaysia. The selection of the sample was based on predetermined selection criteriausing a purposive sampling method. A guided self-administered questionnaire comprising sociodemographyvariables and four Malay validated psychometric instruments: Zuckerman-KuhlmanPersonality Questionnaire-40-Cross-Culture, Self-control Scale, “How I Think” Questionnaire andAggression Questionnaire; was used. Independent sample t-test was performed to establish themean score differences of psychological traits between the murderers who used single and multipleweapons while Kruskal-Wallis tests were carried out to ascertain the differences between the specifictypes of weapons used among the murderers. Following this, one-way ANOVA was carried out toascertain the psychological trait differences among the murderers according to the different sourcesof weapon. Results indicated specific psychological traits influenced the number(s), source(s) andtype(s) of weapon used in committing murder. The findings have implications for the psychologicalprofiling of unknown murderers within the Malaysian context.

Brief discussion on the proof standard of traditional evidence of forensic pathology in murder cases / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective In the legal proceedings of murder cases,we often encounter the problem of proof standard in traditional forensic pathology in deep research,which is lack of systemic discussion in domestic academic field.This paper aimed to discuss this problem.Methods We compared the relevant characteristics of different legal systems on the standard of proof system,analyzed the elements of the forensic pathology evidence related to murder cases,and discussed the problem with the author's judicial practice experience.Results We believe that the cause of death,death time,injury and injury tools are the three most important forensic pathology evidences in the murder of the standard system as the "three pillars".Conclusions Division of standards in traditional forensic pathology evidence in the murder is of great significance to raise the sense of evidence of forensic medicine,and if it exists major flaws in the evidence of forensic pathology,the evidence can be corrected or the proceedings can be terminated at the very beginning of the litigation phase,which is of great value to the savings of judicial resources.

Distribuição espacial da violência letal por homicídios em Maceió ­ Alagoas entre 2010 e 2015 / Spatial distribution of homicide lethal violence in Maceió - Alagoas between 2010 and 2015 / Distribución espacial de homicidio por violencia letal en Maceió - Alagoas entre 2010 y 2015

Situação Problema: Para a Organização Mundial da Saúde, a violência está associada à intencionalidade, constituindo-se em agravo passível, prevenível, onde setores de Segurança Pública e Saúde têm importantes responsabilidades em sua prevenção e controle. Quanto às violências, os homicídios se destacam, constituindo a primeira causa de morte entre as causas externas no país. No período de 2001 a 2012, Maceió - AL, têm estado em evidência na mídia nacional e internacional devido alta incidência de óbitos por homicídios. Em 2012, a capital alagoana apresentou taxas de mortalidade por homicídios de 90,0 por 100 mil habitantes, assumindo a liderança entre as capitais brasileiras, assim diante dos índices preocupantes foi-lhe assegurada a fazer parte do Programa "Brasil mais seguro" na tentativa de combater a violência. Este estudo tem como objetivo geral identificar a distribuição espacial da ocorrência dos casos de óbitos por homicídios em Maceió, no período de 2010 a 2015. E objetivos específicos traçar o perfil dos óbitos decorrentes de homicídios e elaborar mapas com os dados de distribuição espacial da violência letal por homicídios em Maceió/AL, no período do estudo. Método: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal, descritivo e documental. Delimita-se como cenário o Instituto Médico Legal (IML) de Maceió ­ AL. Os critérios de inclusão para os documentos foram: todas as Declarações de Óbitos (DOs) independentes da idade e sexo; DOs descritos no capitulo XX por Causas Externas da CID 10, ocorridos em bairros da área urbana, sendo Maceió composta por 50 bairros e 08 distritos sanitários. Resultados: Registraram-se 3.234 casos de homicídios letais, no período de 2010 a 2015, representando uma média de 539 homicídios/ano. As taxas de homicídios por 100 mil habitantes variam de 29,0 óbitos em 2015 a 76,0 óbitos em 2010. A maioria dos óbitos por homicídios ocorreu no sexo masculino, em um total de 94,0%, a taxa de homicídios acumulada para o sexo masculino foi de 696,4/100 mil habitantes, eram adolescentes ou adultos jovens de 15 a 29 anos de ambos os sexos, 79,1% da raça/cor parda e 67,84% solteiros; aconteceu nos períodos noturno e de madrugada com um total de taxa acumulada de 33,36% e 19,45%, respectivamente; Alagoas com 88,5%, foi considerado o estado brasileiro com maior número de homicídios em relação a variável naturalidade; 99,38% da variável escolaridade foi ignorada; com 85,34% Maceió foi o município de residência com maior número de vítimas; 41% das ocorrências foram em via pública; a distribuição espacial dos homicídios em relação aos bairros, tem-se como o de maior incidência o bairro Trapiche da Barra com 31,11%, seguido por Tabuleiro do Martins 8,69%, Benedito Bentes I e II 7,42%, Jacintinho 6,68% e Vergel do Lago 4,02%; 93,04% o diagnóstico foi confirmado por necropsia; causas básicas foram agressão por meio de um objeto contundente (45,64%) e disparo de arma de fogo de mão (43,38%); a fonte de informação foi o Boletim de Ocorrência com 57,88%. Conclusão: A ocorrência da mortalidade por homicídios foi elevada, acometendo principalmente jovens, do sexo masculino, pardos, solteiros e apresentando maior incidência o bairro Trapiche da Barra, destacando-se a necessidades de elaboração de estratégias e políticas públicas efetivas para a prevenção e redução à violência

Situation Problem: For the World Health Organization, violence is associated with intentionality, constituting itself as a possible, preventable aggravation, where sectors of Public Safety and Health have important responsibilities in the prevention and control of such issues. As for violence, homicides are dis- posed and constitute the first cause of death among the external causes in the country. In the period from 2001 to 2012, Maceió - AL, has been in evidence in the national and international media due to the high incidence of homicide deaths. In 2012, the capital of Alagoas had death rates by homicide of 90.0 per 100 thousand inhabitants, assuming the leadership among Brazilian capitals, so in view of the worrying rates, it was assured to be part of the "Safer Brazil" Program in an attempt to combat violence. This study aims to identify the spatial distribution of the occurrence of homicide deaths in Maceió, from 2010 to 2015. Specific objectives are to trace the death profile of homicides and to elaborate maps with the spatial distribution of violence homicide in Maceió / AL, during the study period. Method: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and documentary study. The Legal Medical Institute (IML) of Maceió - AL is delimited. The inclusion criteria for the documents were: all Deaths Declarations (ODs) independent of age and sex; DOs described in chapter XX by External Causes of ICD 10, occurring in neighborhoods of the urban area, Maceió being composed of 50 neighborhoods and 08 sanitary districts. Results: There were 3,234 cases of lethal homicide in the period from 2010 to 2015, representing an average of 539 homicides / year. Homicide rates per 100,000 inhabitants range from 29.0 deaths in 2015 to 76.0 deaths in 2010. The majority of homicide deaths occurred in males, in a total of 94.0%, the cumulative homicide rate for males were 696.4 / 100 thousand inhabitants, were adolescents or young adults 15 to 29 years of age of both sexes, 79.1% of the race / brown color and 67.84% were single; occurred at night and at dawn with a total cumulative rate of 33.36% and 19.45%, respectively; Alagoas with 88.5%, was considered the Brazilian state with the highest number of homicides in relation to the naturalness variable; 99.38% of the educational variable was ignored; with 85.34% Maceió was the municipality of residence with the highest number of victims; 41% of the occurrences were on public roads; the spatial distribution of homicides in relation to the neighborhoods has the highest incidence in the Trapiche da Barra neighborhood with 31.11%, followed by Tabuleiro do Martins 8.69%, Benedito Bentes I and II 7.42%, Jacintinho 6.68% and Vergel do Lago 4.02%; 93.04% the diagnosis was confirmed by necropsy; The main causes were aggression through a blunt object (45.64%) and hand firearm shooting (43.38%); the source of information was the Occurrence Bulletin with 57.88%. Conclusion: The occurrence of homicide mortality was high, affecting mainly young men, pardos, singles and with a higher incidence in the Trapiche da Barra neighborhood, highlighting the need to develop strategies and effective public policies for prevention and reduction the violence

Situación Problema: Para la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la violencia está asociada a la intencionalidad, consti- tiéndose a agravio pasible, prevenible, donde sectores de Seguridad Pública y Salud tienen importantes responsabilidades en su prevención y control. En cuanto a las violencias, los homicidios se deshacen, constituyendo la primera causa de muerte entre las causas externas en el país. En el período de 2001 a 2012, Maceió - AL, han estado en evidencia en los medios nacionales e internacionales debido a una alta incidencia de muertes por homicidios. En 2012, la capital alagoana presentó tasas de mortalidad por homicidios de 90,0 por 100 mil habitantes, asumiendo el liderazgo entre las capitales brasileñas, así que ante los índices preocupantes se le aseguró formar parte del Programa "Brasil más seguro" en el intento de combatir la violencia. Este estudio tiene como objetivo general identificar la distribución espacial de la ocurrencia de los casos de muertes por homicidios en Maceió en el período de 2010 a 2015. Y objetivos específicos trazar el perfil de las muertes derivadas de homicidios y elaborar mapas con los datos de distribución espacial de la violencia en el período del estudio, por homicidios en Maceió / AL. Método: Se trata de un estudio de tipo transversal, descriptivo y documental. Delimita como escenario el Instituto Médico Legal (IML) de Maceió - AL. Los criterios de inclusión para los documentos fueron: todas las Declaraciones de Óbitos (DO) independientes de la edad y el sexo; En el presente trabajo se analizan los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de los resultados de la investigación. Resultados: Se registraron 3.234 casos de homicidios letales, en el período de 2010 a 2015, representando una media de 539 homicidios / año. Las tasas de homicidios por 100 mil habitantes varían de 29,0 muertes en 2015 a 76,0 muertes en 2010. La mayoría de las muertes por homicidios ocurrieron en el sexo masculino, en un total del 94,0%, la tasa de homicidios acumulada para el sexo masculino fue de 696,4 / 100 mil habitantes, eran adolescentes o adultos jóvenes de 15 a 29 años de ambos sexos, 79,1% de la raza / color parda y 67,84% solteros; se produjo en los períodos nocturno y de madrugada con un total de tasa acumulada del 33,36% y del 19,45%, respectivamente; Alagoas con el 88,5%, fue considerado el estado brasileño con mayor número de homicidios en relación a la variable naturalidad; El 99,38% de la variable escolaridad fue ignorada; con 85,34% Maceió fue el municipio de residencia con mayor número de víctimas; El 41% de las ocurrencias fueron en vía pública; la distribución espacial de los homicidios en relación a los barrios, se tiene como el de mayor incidencia el barrio Trapiche de la Barra con el 31,11%, seguido por Tabuleiro do Martins 8,69%, Benedito Bentes I y II 7,42%, Jacinto 6,68% y Vergel del Lago 4,02%; El 93,04% el diagnóstico fue confirmado por necropsia; las causas básicas fueron agresión por medio de un objeto contundente (45,64%) y disparo de arma de fuego de mano (43,38%); la fuente de información fue el Boletín de Ocurrencia con el 57,88%. Conclusión: La ocurrencia de la mortalidad por homicidios fue elevada, afectando principalmente a jóvenes, del sexo masculino, pardos, solteros y presentando mayor incidencia el barrio Trapiche da Barra, destacándose las necesidades de elaboración de estrategias y políticas públicas efectivas para la prevención y reducción a la violencia

“Morri para inspirar vocês”: uma análise das narrativas em disputa perpetradas por jovens homicidas/suicidas em ambientes escolares / “I died to inspire you”: an analysis of the narratives in dispute perpetrated by school shooters / “Morí para inspirarte”: un análisis de las narrativas en disputa perpetradas por jóvenes homicidas/suicidas en el ámbito escolar

Este artigo analisa crimes de homicídio/suicídio cometidos por jovens na circunscrição de instituições de ensino. Nosso foco são os perpetradores que buscam o desenvolvimento de produtos comunicacionais, a partir de linguagens diversas, com o intuito de subsidiar o trabalho de apuração da mídia e, assim, disputar com esta, após a sua morte, o direito de significar midiaticamente. Os jovens homicidas/suicidas se convertem em autores dos delitos e dos discursos na medida em que pretendem fazer resistir suas memórias já na condição de indivíduos mortos. Tal estratégia evidencia um paradoxo: em tempos de grandes investimentos em intervenções que visam à prorrogação da vida, os indivíduos infames utilizam a potência indomesticável da morte para forjar um tipo de existência que passa, necessariamente, pela imagem midiatizada do crime e pelo auto aniquilamento biológico. Este fenômeno é analisado a partir dos crimes de Cho Seung-Hui, Pekka-Eric Auvinen e Wellington Menezes de Oliveira.

This paper discusses the crimes of murder/suicide committed by young people within the space ofeducational institutions. Our corpus analysis is restricted to a specific type of perpetrator that seeks the development of communication products, using different styles, in order to support the journalistic work of inquiry about their crimes and, thus be able to intervenes and competes with the media for the right to represent and signify themselves, even after their deaths. This young people become authors of the crimes and discourses insofar as they intend to keep their memories alive. Such strategy evidences a paradox: in times of major investment in interventions that target the extension of life, they use the untamable power of death to forge a kind of existence that necessarily involves the media image and biological self-annihilation.This phenomenon will be analyzed from the crimes of Cho Seung-Hui, Pekka-Eric Auvinen and Wellington Menezes de Oliveira.

Este artículo analiza los delitos de homicidio/suicidio cometido por jóvenes en instituciones educativas. Nos centramos en los perpetradores que desarrollan productos de comunicación con el fin de subsidiar el trabajo de investigación que hacen los periódicos. Los jóvenes homicidas/suicidas se convierten en autores de crímenes y de discursos en la medida en que tienen la intención de preservar sus memorias.Esta estrategia presenta una paradoja: en tiempos de grandes inversiones en intervenciones dirigidasa la extensión de la vida, los individuos infames utilizan el poder indomable de la muerte para forjar un tipo de existencia que implica necesariamente la imagen mediática del crimen y la auto aniquilación biológica. Este fenómeno será analizado desde los crímenes de Cho Seung-Hui, Pekka-Eric Auvinen y Wellington Menezes de Oliveira.