ABSTRACT
When exercises are done in intense or exhaustive modes, several acute biochemical mechanisms are triggered. The use of cryotherapy as cold-water immersion is largely used to accelerate the process of muscular recovery based on its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The present study aimed to study the biochemical effects of cold-water immersion treatment in mice submitted to exercise-induced exhaustion. Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 treatment groups: control, cold-water immersion (CWI), swimming exhaustive protocol (SEP), and SEP+CWI. Treatment groups were subdivided into times of analysis: 0, 1, 3, and 5 days. Exhaustion groups were submitted to one SEP session, and the CWI groups submitted to one immersion session (12 min at 12°C) every 24 h. Reactive species production, inflammatory, cell viability, and antioxidant status were assessed. The SEP+CWI group showed a decrease in inflammatory damage biomarkers, and reactive species production, and presented increased cell viability compared to the SEP group. Furthermore, CWI increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the first two sessions. The present study showed that CWI was an effective treatment after exercise-induced muscle damage. It enhanced anti-inflammatory response, decreased reactive species production, increased cell viability, and promoted redox balance, which could decrease the time for the recovery process.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Physical Conditioning, Animal/adverse effects , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Cryotherapy/methods , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology , Muscle, Skeletal/injuries , Immersion/physiopathology , Acetylcholinesterase/analysis , Swimming/injuries , Thiazoles , Time Factors , Cell Survival/physiology , Reproducibility of Results , Reactive Oxygen Species/analysis , Cold Temperature , Fluoresceins/analysis , Myositis/prevention & control , Antioxidants/analysisABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da suplementação aguda (5 g.kg-1 durante uma semana) e crônica (1 g.kg-1 durante quatro e oito semanas) de creatina (Cr) sobre as concentrações plasmáticas de Creatina Quinase (CQ), Lactato Desidrogenase (LDH) e Aspartato Aminotransferase (AST), de ratos sedentários e exercitados (natação a 80 por cento da carga máxima tolerada). Setenta e dois ratos Wistar machos (250 ± 10 g) foram utilizados e divididos igualmente em quatro grupos: ratos sedentários não suplementados (CON; n = 18); ratos exercitados não suplementados (NAT; n = 18); ratos sedentários e suplementados (CRE; n = 18); ratos exercitados e suplementados (CRE + NAT; n = 18). Ao final da primeira, quarta e oitava semanas, seis animais de cada grupo foram sacrificados. Os resultados demonstraram: 1) ao final da primeira semana elevação plasmática de CQ, LDH e AST nos grupos NAT-1 e CRE+NAT-1 em relação aos grupos CON-1 e CRE-1; 2) ao final da quarta semana valores superiores para CQ e LDH somente no grupo NAT-4; e 3) ao final da oitava semana, somente os valores de AST do grupo CRE-8 diferiram dos demais. Estes achados sugerem que a suplementação de Cr: 1) não afeta o dano muscular em ratos submetidos a uma semana de treinamento físico de alta intensidade em meio aquático; 2) pode ser capaz de reduzir o dano muscular após quatro semanas de treinamento; e 3) após oito semanas de suplementação de Cr, o dano muscular parece ser atenuado pelo próprio exercício, anulando os efeito da Cr.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the short-term (5 g.kg-1 to 1 week) and long-term (1 g.kg-1 to 4-8 weeks) creatine supplementation (Cr) on the Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenaze (LDH) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) plasmatic concentrations of sedentary and exercised (swimming to 80 percent of the tolerated maximum load) rats. Seventy two Wistar males rats (250 ± 10 g) were equally divided in four groups: sedentary rats without supplementation (CON; n = 18); exercised rats without supplementation (NAT; n = 18); sedentary rats with supplementation (CRE; n = 18); exercised rats with supplementation (CRE+NAT; n = 18). At the end of the first, fourth and eighth weeks six animals of each group were sacrificed. The results demonstrated: 1) improvement of CK, LDH and AST in NAT-1 and CRE+NAT-1 groups vs. CON-1 and CRE-1 groups after the first experimental week; 2) higher values of CK and LDH only NAT-4 group after four experimental weeks; and 3) only AST from CRE-8 group differed from other groups at the end of the eighth experimental week. These findings suggest that the Cr supplementation: 1) does not affect the muscle damage on swimming exercised rats after one week of high intensity training; 2) could be able to reduce the muscle damage after 4 weeks of training; and 3) after eight weeks of Cr supplementation, the muscle damage seems to be attenuated by the exercise, nullifying the effects of Cr.