ABSTRACT
Aims@#Andrographis paniculata (AP), a medicinal herb was selected to investigate the antifungal activity on selected dermatophyte fungi. The phytochemical screening was also carried out to evaluate its chemical constituents.@*Methodology and results@#The potato dextrose agar (PDA) incorporated with aqueous, ethanol and methanol AP extracts at concentrations 0.99% (v/v), 1.96% (v/v) and 7.41% (v/v) were used for selected fungi culturing; Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. interdigitale, Microsporum fulvum, M. nanum, M. gypseum, M. canis, Fusarium solani and Aspergillus fumigatus. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins and tannins in the ethanol extract and flavonoids alone in both aqueous and methanol extracts. Studies on antifungal effects indicated that the ethanol extract significantly increased the mycelial inhibition percentage of all tested fungi, especially at a concentration of 7.41% (v/v). All ethanol AP extract concentrations inhibited M. gypseum and M. canis (p<0.05) with at least 36.00% mycelial inhibition. In aqueous AP extract, it significantly increased the mycelial inhibition of T. mentagrophytes, T. interdigitale and M. gypseum (p<0.05), while the methanol AP extract significantly inhibited all fungi at a concentration of 7.41% (v/v) except for T. rubrum, M. gypseum and F. solani (p<0.05). No spore sedimentation was recorded for the fungal spores of T. rubrum, M. nanum, T. mentagrophytes, M. gypseum and T. interdigitale at 7.41% (v/v) ethanol AP. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#It is concluded that the ethanol AP extract contained phytochemical constituents and showed the highest antifungal activity. In addition, this extract has a great potential to treat dermatophytes effectively.
Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents , Phytochemicals , Andrographis paniculata , DermatomycosesABSTRACT
Aims: To inhibit the mycelia growth inhibition and reproductive capacity of important phyto-pathogen fungus: Fusarium oxysporum by cell-extracts from submerged cultures of Trichoderma. Study Design: A complete randomized experimental design with factorial fix was used. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of plant-pathology, Department of Agricultural Parasitology, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (UAAAN), Mexico, between August 2012 and March 2012. Methodology: Metabolic extract of Trichoderma asperellum produced in liquid medium and Trichoderma dual cultures on F. oxysporum isolated infected plant pepper was evaluated; both strains were subsequently activated in PDA and tested in dual culture and poisoned culture with Trichoderma strains and metabolic extracts against F. oxysporum to determine their growth inhibition potential. Results: Strains Trichoderma were able to inhibit the growth of the plant pathogen, demonstrating to be an attractive alternative for biological control assays. Similar results were obtained with metabolic extracts, where the inhibition was affected up to 29%, the conidiogenesis by 30% and spore viability by 60% at the highest concentration tested. Conclusions: Metabolites produced have the power to reduce the reproductive capacity of F. oxysporum, decreasing sporulation and inhibit the germination of conidia, and this is extremely important, as reducing the quantity and viability of conidia, it is reducing the secondary inoculum of the pathogen.