ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the infection rates of mycoplasma penetrans (Mpe),mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) and mycoplasma ferments (Mf) in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN),chronic kideny disease (CKD),and heathy people,to compare the difference of infection rate,and to analyze the association of mycoplasma infection and clinicopathological features in IgAN.Methods Blood samples were collected from 118 patients in IgAN group,90 patients in CKD group,and 89 cases in health control group.DNA of Mpe,Mp and Mf was detected in plasma by PCR.Positive cases were confirmed by Southern blot.According to mycoplasma infection,IgAN patients were divided into two groups,then analyzed the clinicopatholgical features.Results (1)Genus,Mpe,Mp,and Mf positive rates were 33.05％,16.1％,25.45 ％,and 8.47％ in IgAN group,respectively; 5.56％,2.22％,5.56％,and 2.22％ in CKD group,respectively; and 3.33 ％,1.11％,2.22％,and 0 in health group,respectively.Compared with CKD and health group,patients in IgAN group had a higher infection rate in Genus,Mpe,and Mp (P ＜ 0.05).In IgAN group,10 patients had three kinds of mycoplasmas infection at the same time,and positive rate was 8.47％ much higher than CKD group (positive rate was 2.22％) (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Based on mycoplasm detection results,IgAN patients were divided into two groups,overlapping infection group and mycoplasma negative group.In overlapping infection group,the mean age of onset was much younger than negative group.Compared with negative group,overlapping infection group had higher tonsillitis and urinary tract infection rate,more severe microscopic hematuria and tubulointerstitium lesion (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Patients with IgAN had higher infection rate of Genus,Mpe and Mp,compared with CKD patients and health people.Compared with mycoplasma negative group in IgAN patients,more severe microscopic hematuria and tubulointerstitium lesion in overlapping infection group,which suggested that infection of Mpe might have some possible connection with IgAN.
ABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la formación de biopelículas por micoplasmas de interés médico.Métodos. La formación de las biopelículas se realizó en microplacas, fueron enjuagadas con solución PBS para remover las células que no se adhirieron y se tiñeron con soluciónde cristal violeta al 0,5% durante 30 minutos. La formación de biopelículas por parte de Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma fermentans y Mycoplasma penetrans se analizó por medio de microscopía óptica y microscopía electrónica de barrido. Resultados. Los micoplasmas evaluados mostraron la capacidad para formar biopelículas,lo cual se evidenció por medio de la tinción de cristal violeta. Las biopelículas formadas en las microplacas y analizadas por microscopía mostraron agregados de microcolonias. La formación de biopelículas por parte de M. fermentans, M. pneumoniae y M. penetrans se presentó a las 72 horas de incubación. Se comparó la formación de biopelícula y la cuantificación de plancton, y se encontró correlación. Conclusión. Se debe considerar que este estudio se hizo bajo condiciones de laboratorioy que, para trabajos futuros, se recomienda utilizar modelos animales para definir cómo contribuyen estos agregados en la persistencia en los huéspedes. Estos resultados sugierenque la capacidad de M. fermentans, M. pneumoniae y M. penetrans para formar biopelículas puede considerarse un factor de virulencia, y un evento importante en la patogénesis yevolución en infecciones asociadas con el uso de dispositivos médicos.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the development of biofilms by mycoplasmas of medical importance.Methods: Biofilms grown in microtiter plates were rinsed briefly in PBS to remove non-adherent cells and stained with 0,5% crystal violet solution for 30 minutes. The biofilm formation bymycoplasma species were analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Results: Three mycoplasma species were assessed for their ability to form biofilms. Crystal violet staining of biofilms in microtiter plates revealed the ability of mycoplasma to form a biofilm. Microscopic analysis of crystalviolet stained biofilms on microtiters indicated aggregation to form microcolonies. Biofilm growth by Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasmapneumoniae and Mycoplasmapenetrans was followed over a time course of 72 hours. Mycoplasma were also analyzed quantitatively for biofilm formation and cell counts compared for both biofilm and plankton cells. Cell counts for biofilms showed a goodcorrelation with results obtained using crystal violet staining. Conclusion: This study has examined biofilm formation under in vitro laboratory conditions.Further studies on animal models will be crucial to determine if biofilms form in vivo and whether they contribute to mycoplasma persistence in thehost. These results suggest that the ability of M. fermentans, M. pneumoniae and M. penetrans to form a biofilm may be a virulence factor, and an important event in the pathogenesis and evolutionin infections associated with the use of medical devices.
Subject(s)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Biofilms , MycoplasmaABSTRACT
This study investigated whether the presence of <i>Mycoplasma fermentans</i> (<i>M. fermentans</i>) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) could be associated with the pathology of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). One hundred fifteen synovial fluid (SF) samples from patients with TMD were evaluated for the presence of DNA of <i>M. fermentans</i> by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Specific antibody against <i>M. fermentans</i> was also detected in the SF as well as sera by Western blot analysis. <i>M. fermentans</i> DNA was identified in 37.4% of the SF samples from the TMD patients. There was no difference between PCR-positive and -negative rate regarding sex and disease categories, e.g., internal derangement (ID) and osteoarthritis (OA). However, the prevalence of <i>M. fermentans</i> DNA in ID patients was higher in elderly patients (73.3%) than in younger patients (31.8%). Anti-<i>M. fermentans</i> immunoreactivities (IgG) specific for lipoproteins with various molecular sizes, 56 kilo-Dalton (kDa), 48 kDa, 38 kDa, and 29 kDa, were also identified in the SF. The immunoreactivity was also detected in the patients'sera. The reactivity patterns of the anti-<i>M. fermentans</i> antibodies were, however, different between the SF and the sera; reactivities to 48 kDa and 29 kDa lipoproteins were prominent in the former, while the reactivities to those of 56 kDa, 48 kDa, and 29 kDa were evidently increased in the latter. The presence of specific DNA and antibody for <i>M. fermentans</i> in the TMJ implies that <i>M. fermentans</i> could possibly induce joint specific immunoreaction, thus perpetuating the inflammatory reaction in the diseased TMJ.