The role of GnRH agonists in the management of large myomas during a pandemic

@#<p style="text-align: justify;">This paper shall present a case of a 42-year-old nulligravid who complained of chronic pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding and palpable abdominal mass secondary to multiple large myomas. Due to the logistical and health restrictions in most hospitals during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, elective surgery was postponed and a temporizing medical management was instituted in the form of GnRH agonist, which afforded relief. This paper shall also discuss the mechanism of action of GnRH agonist, and its crucial role as an essential medical treatment option for patients with debilitating conditions such as myoma uteri.</p>

Mioma uterino gigante / Giant myoma uteri

El útero es un órgano del aparato ginecológico, sitio de muchas afecciones benignas y malignas. Las primeras, más frecuentes, y dentro de ellas está el mioma o fibroma uterino. Entre la tercera y quinta décadas de la vida es el tiempo en el que aparece mayormente esta afección en la mujer. Los síntomas son variables, en consecuencia de la localización del mioma (submucoso, intramural o subseroso). El crecimiento del útero es variable, puede ir desde pequeñas tumoraciones hasta grandes masas intraabdominales, que se hacen visibles y llegan a palparse en el mesogastrio. Sus complicaciones son las que la hacen acreedoras de tratamiento quirúrgico. Un gran crecimiento del útero a consecuencia de un mioma puede llegar a convertirlo en un mioma gigante. Se presenta esta paciente con el objetivo de alertar al médico que se encuentre ante la sospecha de un tumor gigante intraabdominal(AU)

Uterus is an organ of the gynecological tract, site of many of them benign and malignant affections. The first ones, more frequent, and including the myoma or uterine fibroma. Between the third and the fifth decades of life is the time in which this affection is more frequent in the woman. Symptoms are variables, as a result of the myoma location (submucous, intramural or subserous). The uterus growth is variable, may go from small tumors until large more evident intra-abdominal masses and to be enough palpable in the mesogastrium. Its complications are the reason for the surgical treatment. A significant growth of uterus caused by a myoma may become it in a giant myoma. The case of this patient is the objective to alert to physician facing the suspicion of a intra-abdominal giant tumor(AU)

Cortisol secreting adrenal adenoma in a patient with schizophrenia, rheumatic heart disease and myoma uteri: Difficult to find but easy to diagnose

The presence of cortisol - secret ing adenoma concomitantly with rheumatic heart disease, schizophrenia and myoma uteri is rare. This is a case of a 40 year old female with Schizophrenia who gradually developed Cushing's syndrome from an adrenal adenoma. She suffered a cardio-embolic stroke from Rheumatic heart disease which delayed hysterectomy for a bleeding intrauterine myoma. As ide f rom the phys ical f indings of Cushing's syndrome laboratory work up revealed an elevated 24 hour urine free cortisol with loss of normal diurnal cortisol secretion, suppressed 8AM ACTH level and negative suppression after a high dose dexamethasone. The patient underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy for a 3.8 x 2.4 x 3 cm left adrenocortical adenoma. She required steroid supplementation. Menstrual flow immediately normalized, functional capacity improved and metabolic parameters such as weight, blood pressure and blood sugar were controlled six months after the surgery. Relapse of psychotic symptoms occurred eight months postoperatively because of non-compliance to antipsychotic medications. Cushing's syndrome if untreated can cause significant morbidities such as metabolic, hemodynamic, cardiovascular, bleeding disorder and psychiatric illness. These complications however can also be caused by primary medical illnesses like schizophrenia, rheumatic heart disease and myoma uteri. Treatment of the Cushing's syndrome may resolve some but not all the metabolic and hemodynamic problems and theoretically should also decrease the risk of complications of other primary illnesses concomitantly present. The presence of concomitant primary disease that can cause psychosis, cerebrovascular disease and metrorrhagia should also be investigated in a patient who has Cushing's syndrome. Prompt management of Cushing's syndrome would lessen the risk of complication attributed to schizophrenia, rheumatic heart disease and myoma uteri.

Two cases of cesarean section after laparoscopic radiofrequency myolysis / 대한산부인과학회지

Radiofrequency myolysis is a method for preserving uterus and fecundity, and due to its more non-invasive and simpler operation, it is now carried out to cure the uterine myomas. However, not long time has passed since this operation started, and little studies were conducted on this complications and side effects. Therefore, since the authors experienced the pregnancy after radiofrequency myolysis of uterine myoma, we hereby report the cases.

Uterine abscess after radiofrequency myolysis of uterine myoma: A case report / 대한산부인과학회지

Radiofrequency myolysis is a method for preserving uterus and fecundity, and due to its more non-invasive and simpler operation, it is now frequently carried out to cure the uterine myomas. However, not long time has passed since this operation started, and little studies were conducted on its complications and side effects. Therefore, since the authors experienced the formation of an abscess in uterus after radiofrequency myolysis of uterine myoma, we hereby report the case.

Laparoscopic Myomectomy for Large Myomas

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) for large myomas. A subpopulation of 51 patients with myomas 8 cm or larger in diameter was selected from 155 patients who underwent LM at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital from July 2003 to November 2006. The mean age of the patients was 34.9+/-5.6 yr, mean parity was 0.6+/-0.9, and 8 patients had a previous operative history. The most common operative indication was a palpable abdominal mass (24 patients, 47%). The mean operating time was 85.6+/-38.9 min, and the mean diameter of the largest myoma was 9.3+/-1.8 cm. The mean change in hemoglobin concentration was 2.1+/-1.2 g/dL. Histopathological diagnosis included 49 patients of leiomyoma (96.1%) and 2 patients of leiomyoma with adenomyosis (3.9%). Postoperatively, a transfusion was done in 7 patients, and a case of subcutaneous emphysema was noted. None of the operations was switched to laparotomy. With the newly-developed screw and the port placement system that was modified from the Choi's 4-trocar method to obtain better surgical vision, LM of large myomas proved to be one of the efficient and feasible methods.

Bilateral Uterine Arterial Embolization for Treatment for Uterine Myoma / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of uterine artery embolization for the treatment of symptomatic leiomyomas in the patients who want to preserve uterus, want fertility or feel fear for operation. METHODS: From January 2003 to June 2005, among the patients with symptomatic uterine leiomyoma, fifteen women who wanted to preserve uterus or wanted fertility or had fear for operation were included in this retrospective study. Bilateral Uterine artery embolization (UAE) was performed. At the preprocedure and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks of postprocedure, transvaginal ultrasonography was performed for all patients. Clinical symptoms and follow-up information for each patient were evaluated. RESULTS: 15 leimyomas were treated with UAE. The initial mean volume of leiomyomas was 55.4 (46.3-67.4) cm3. The mean volume decrease was 58.6+/-9.7%, 77.5+/-12.3%, 86.8+/-23.5% at 2, 6, 12 weeks. The outcome of clinical symptoms were as followed; 'much improved' 20% (3/15), 'somewhat improved' 60% (6/15), 'no improvement' 20% (3/15), 'somewhat worsen's 0% (0/15), and 'much worsen' was 0% (0/15). There was no case of hysterectomy or myomectomy after UAE. And also no case of increasement of volume nor worsening of clinical symptoms were found. Lower abdominal pain was the most common symptoms after UAE, but complications were not detected. CONCLUSION: In this study, UAE to treat patients with uterine leiomyoma is proved to be effective not only in volume reduction, but also in symptom improvement. And it is a relatively less-invasive procedure which decreases the risk of side effects of operation. Above all things, it preserves fecundity in young women. Therefore, UAE is very effective and safe procedure in the treatment of symptomatic uterine leiomyoma.

Minimal invasive treatment of uterine myoma: Laparoscopic radiofrequency myolysis / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of minimal invasive treatment of uterine myoma with laparoscopic radiofrequency (RF) myolysis. METHODS: 69 patients with symptomatic uterine myomas underwent laparoscopy assisted RF myolysis. The accurate targeting and thermal intensity during the procedure were guided by trans-vaginal ultrasound. The measurement of myoma volume and UFS-QOL (Uterine fibroid symptom-quality of life) were obtained once at preoperative period and four times at postoperative period of one week, 1, 3, 6 months. Wilcoxon signed rank test (SPSS 7.5) was used to compare the volume changes of myoma. A significant level of p<0.05 was considered. RESULTS: 107 fibroids were treated with RF myolysis. The mean duration of RF procedure was 15.2+/-18.5 minutes. Mean preoperative volume of treated fibroids was 75.7 cm3 (range: 8.2-367.7) and the mean volume decrease was 12.1+/-10.2%, 32.3+/-40.2%, 48.3+/-33.6%, 53.5+/-18.1% at one week, 1, 3, 6 months. Fifty eight patients had improved symptom severity with UFS-QOL score: symptom severity score 30.8+/-8.2 (mean+/-S.D.), quality of life score 20.3+/-9.2 after RF myolysis. There were 3 cases of RF heat related complication. CONCLUSION: Early experience of laparoscopy assisted RF myolysis in the treatment of uterine fibroids shows that the method is safe and effective under the guidance of trans-vaginal sonification.

Fertility Outcomes after Myomectomy in Infertile Patients with Myoma Uteri / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the fertility outcomes after abdominal or laparoscopic myomectomy in infertile patients with no other infertility factors except uterine myoma. METHODS: From January, 1992 to December, 1998, abdominal or laparoscopic myomectomy was performed in 76 patients with desire for children and no other recognizable infertility factors. The medical records were reviewed retrospectively. The mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 23.4+/-21.2 months(1~82 months). RESULTS: After myomectomy, 35 patients(46.1%) became pregnant during the follow-up period, especially with 24(68.6%) within 12 months. Excluding 7 cases of spontaneous abortion and 2 cases of intrauterine fetal death, 26 patients(74.3%) had a viable birth. Parity, duration of infertility, number, type and location of myoma, and the proportion of opening the intrauterine cavity during operation were not significantly different between the pregnant and nonpregnant groups. However, the size of uterine myoma was significantly larger in the pregnant group(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We obtained a reasonable pregnancy rate in infertile patients with uterine myoma as a sole infertility factor. The size of myoma may influence the postmyomectomy pregnancy rate, and this may indicate a more beneficial effect of myomectomy in infertile patients with a relatively larger myoma.