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Background: Myrica esculenta (Family: Myricaceae) commonly known as Kaiphala or Katphala is a widelyused medicinal plant in Ayurveda. In spite of its numerous medicinal attributes, no published work isavailable till date on pharmacognostical characterization and HPTLC analysis of its leaves.Objectives: To investigate the pharmacognostical, physicochemical, and HPTLC profiles of M. esculentaleaves.Materials and methods: The measures taken for pharmacognostical characterization were organolepticstudy, macroscopy, microscopy, powder microscopy, leaf constant, fluorescence analysis, preliminaryphytochemical screening and HPTLC spectra profile.Results: Organoleptic and macroscopic studies found that leaves are lancoelate, thin, spirally arranged,dark green in color, with an astringent taste and acute apex. In transverse section, cuticularisedepidermis having polygonal cells were found. Mesophyll cells were differentiated into single layeredpalisade cells on each surface and 2e3 layered spongy parenchyma, unicellular and uniseriate hollowtrichomes, anomocytic stomata and bowl shaped vascular bundle in mid rib portion containing xylemand phloem tissues. Alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds and tanninswere found present. Analysis on the leaf constants, powder microscopy, fluorescence characteristics andphysical parameters resulted a valuable data to establish standards for the plant. HPTLC profile providesnumber of constituents present in the extracts with their respective Retention Factor (Rf).Conclusion: Present report on pharmacognostical characterization and HPTLC analysis of M. esculentaleaves provides a vital diagnostic tool for identification, authentication and development of quality parameters of the species. Data obtained by present study may be considered as standard for future studies.© 2017 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Myrica esculenta (Myricaceae) and Syzygium cumini(Myrtaceae), the Indian traditional fruits were studied for their biochemical assay, antifungal activity and mineral analysis. The biochemical assay in terms of total phenols, flavonols, ortho dihydroxy phenolic, ascorbic acid & phytic acid content and antioxidant activity revealed different quantitative make up in all the different samples. The in vitro antioxidant activity determined by reducing power assay, chelating power on Fe2+ ions and 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were found to be good to moderate in a dose dependent manner in all the extracts. The extracts showed significant antinociceptive and antipyretic activity on mice. Methanolic extracts of both the fruits collected from different regions exhibited good antifungal activity against the three pathogenic fungi viz; Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Fusarium oxysporium. All the extracts studied for their mineral analysis through atomic absorption spectroscopy also revealed quantitative variation of N, P , K , S, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn. Fe was found to be maximum in all the samples however Na was absent in all the samples.
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Hippophae salicifolia, Elaeagnus pyriformis, Myrica esculenta and M. nagi are actinorhizal plants growing in the sacred forests of Northeast India with multipurpose uses. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the phenol, flavonoid and flavonol contents of the fresh fruit juice of these plant species including the antioxidant potential by means of DPPH, H2O2 and NO scavenging activity and FRP. The total phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol contents of fruit juice ranged from 321.68±0.06 to 76.67±0.01 mg/g GAE, 272.92±0.07 to 20.12±0.02 mg/g QE and 258.92±0.08 to 18.72±0.02 mg/g QE, respectively. At 2.0 mg/mL concentration, DPPH scavenging activity was found to be the highest in M. esculenta (89.62%) and the lowest in E. pyriformis (17.58%). The reducing power activity was found significantly higher in H. salicifolia juice, which increased with increase in concentration. The H2O2 scavenging activity of H. salicifolia juice was found to be as high as 98.78%, while Elaeagnus juice was found to be less effective with just 48.90%. Juice of H. salicifolia showed the greatest NO scavenging effect of 75.24% as compared to juice of E. pyriformis, where only 37.54% scavenging was observed at the same concentration. Taking into account all the experimental data, it can be said that the fruits of H. salicifolia and both M. nagi and M. esculenta have good antioxidant activity compared to fruits of E. pyriformis.
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Trees of Myrica sp. grow abundantly in the forests of Meghalaya, India. These trees are actinorhizal and harbour nitrogen-fixing Frankia in their root nodules and contribute positively towards the enhancement of nitrogen status of forest areas. They can be used in rejuvenation of mine spoils and nitrogen-depleted fallow lands generated due to slash and burn agriculture practiced in the area. We have studied the association of amplicon restriction patterns (ARPs) of Myrica ribosomal RNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and nitrogenase activity of its root nodules. We found that ARPs thus obtained could be used as markers for early screening of seedlings that could support strains of Frankia that fix atmospheric nitrogen more efficiently.
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Actinorhizal plants have been found in eight genera belonging to three orders (Fagales, Rosales and Cucurbitales). These all bear root nodules inhabited by bacteria identified as the nitrogen-fixing actinobacterium Frankia. These nodules all have a peripheral cortex with enlarged cells filled with Frankia hyphae and vesicles. Isolation in pure culture has been notoriously difficult, due in a large part to the growth of fast-growing contaminants where, it was later found, Frankia was slow-growing. Many of these contaminants, which were later found to be Micromonospora, were obtained from Casuarina and Coriaria. Our study was aimed at determining if Micromonospora were also present in other actinorhizal plants. Nodules from Alnus glutinosa, Alnus viridis, Coriaria myrtifolia, Elaeagnus x ebbingei, Hippophae rhamnoides, Myrica gale and Morella pensylvanica were tested and were all found to contain Micromonospora isolates. These were found to belong to mainly three species: Micromonospora lupini, Micromonospora coriariae and Micromonospora saelicesensis. Micromonospora isolates were found to inhibit some Frankia strains and to be innocuous to other strains.
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Strepsicrates smithiana Walsingham (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae): first record from Chile and a newly documented host plant. Strepsicrates smithiana Walsingham, 1892 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) is recorded for the first time from Chile. Male and female adults were reared from leaf-tying larvae collected on Myrica pavonis (Myricaceae), which is a new host plant record for S. smithiana.
Strepsicrates smithiana Walsingham (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae): primeiro registro para o Chile e novo registro de planta hospedeira. Strepsicrates smithiana Walsingham, 1892 (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) é registrada pela primeira vez para o Chile. Esta é também a primeira menção de Strepsicrates Meyrick, 1888 para o Chile. Macho e fêmea adultos foram criados de larvas coletadas em Myrica pavonis (Myricaceae), que é um novo registro de planta hospedeira para S. smithiana.
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Objective: To determine the effect of anthropogenic activities on the population structure and regeneration efficacy of Myrica esculenta (M. esculenta), an ethnomedicinally important tree species in sub-tropical forests of Meghalaya. Methods: The population structure and regeneration potential of M. esculenta were studied by using quadrat method. Results: The regeneration status of M. esculenta was highly influenced by disturbance. Presence of limited number of seedlings in the forest floor denotes the lack of seeds in the forests. The low conversion of seedling into saplings was mainly due to the removal saplings by the indigenous community, who residing in the vicinity of the forest for meeting their requirement of fuel wood. Conclusions:The findings of the present study indicate that overexploitation of M. esculenta may cause threat to extinction from wild. There is an obvious need to explore non timber forest products to a desired pace that will minimize the pressure on a particular species by providing alternative to a species, leading to sustainable utilization of genetic resources.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of total extract of MeOH (70 percent) and partition fractions of hexan, chloroform (CHCL3), ethylacetate (EtOAc) and MeOH-H2O of brown algae species (Sargassum swartzii, Cystoseira myrica, Colpomenia sinuosa) found in the Persian Gulf against in different cell lines including HT-29, Caco-2, T47D, MDA-MB468 and NIH 3T3 cell lines by MTT and AnnexinV-PI assay. The hexan fraction of S. swartzii and C. myrica showed selective cytotoxicity against proliferation of Caco-2 cells (IC50<100 μg/ml) T47D cell line (IC50<100 μg/ml), respectively. S. swartzii and C. myrica were also observed for increasing apoptosis in Caco-2 and T47D cells. Total extract and fractions of C. sinuosa did not show any significant cytotoxicity against the studied cell lines. MDA-MB468 cells were more sensitive to C. myrica than was T47D (IC50 99.9±8.11 vs. 56.50± 0.88). This reflects an estrogen receptor independent mechanism for cytotoxicity of the extract. The IC50 of the hexan fraction of C. myrica on T47D parent cells was lower than it was on T47D-TR cells (IC50 99.9±8.11 vs. 143.15 ± 7.80). This finding suggests a role for the MDR-1 in the development of possible future tolerance to the extract.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Phaeophyceae/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Comet Assay , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods , Phaeophyceae/classificationABSTRACT
Six novel polymorphic microsatellite markers were isolated from enriched libraries in Myrica faya Ait., recently renamed Morella faya, (fayatree, firetree, or firebush) in order to examine the genetic diversity in natural populations. Also, test cross-specific amplification and genetic diversity in Myrica rivas-martinezii, which is endemic on the Canary islands. Microsatellite loci were screened in 225 individuals of both species from different islands of the Canarian archipelago. All markers were successfully amplified from both Myrica species, with an average number of 6.5 and 9.3 alleles per locus in M. rivas-martinezii and M. faya, respectively. There was no evidence for linkage disequilibrium between loci, and the probability of null alleles ranged from 0.01 to 0.17.
Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Microsatellite Repeats , Myricaceae/genetics , Genetics, Population , Polymerase Chain Reaction , SpainABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of Myrica nana collected in Yunnan Province,China.Methods Column chromatography techniques were used for separation and purification of the compounds and extensive spectral analyses including 2D NMR spectrum were employed for structural elucidation.Results Eleven compounds were isolated from the roots of M.nana.Structures of these compounds were identified by ~(13)C-NMR,~1H-NMR,and MS as following:2?,3?-dihydroxyl-lup-20(29)- en-28(19)-lactone(Ⅰ),2?,3?-isopropylidene-lup-20(29)-en-28(19)-lactone(Ⅱ),longispinogenin(Ⅲ), masilinic acid(Ⅳ),oleanolic acid(Ⅴ),myricadiol(Ⅵ),arjunolic acid(Ⅶ)、arjunglucosideⅡ(Ⅷ), dihydroxyligustilide(Ⅸ),hydropiperoside(Ⅹ),6'-O-acylclionastero-3-O-glucoside(Ⅺ).Conclusion CompoundⅠis a new compound named lupeolenolide;CompoundⅡis a new artifact ofⅠproduced during isolation procedure,named isopropyl-lupeolenolide and compoundsⅢ,Ⅷ—Ⅺare isolated from the roots of M.nana for the first time.
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AIM:To study the chemical constituents of the root of Myrica nana cheval.METHODS:The constituents were separated and purified by different methods of chromatography,and their structures were elucidated by UV,IR,GM and NMR.RESULTS:Seven compounds were isolated from the root of Myrica nana cheval.Their structures were identified as ?-sitosterol(1),myricanol(2),myricanone(3),ursolic acid(4),quercetin(5),myricetin(6)and myricitrin(7).CONCLUSION:Except for 5,6 and 7,the other compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.