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Objective:To establish a method for quality evaluation of Myristica fragrans Houtt. Methods:The common peak was determined with Dehydroisoeugenol as the reference peak, and the HPLC fingerprint of Myristica fragrans was established; then the common peaks were analyzed by High Resolution Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The chemical components of the common peaks were identified through the calculation and data retrieval of the primary and secondary mass spectra of the characteristic peaks. Results:The HPLC fingerprint of Myristica fragrans was established, and the similarity degree of the 10 batches of samples was above 0.9 and 11 common peaks were established. According to the results of HPLC-MS, the components of 11 common peaks were identified as follow: Methyl eugenol (peak 1), Licarin A (peak 2), Myristol (peak 3), OdoratisolA (peak 4), 2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl) butynoic acid (peak 5), Malabaricon D (peak 6), 5'-Methoxydehydroisoeugenol (peak 7), Dehydroisoeugenol (peak 8), Malabaricone C (peak 9), 4-Methoxy-6-{(2S,3S)-7-methoxy-3-methyl-5-[(1E)-1-propen-1-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1- benzofuran-2-yl}-1,3-benzodioxole (peak 10) and Licarin B (peak 11). Conclusions:The quality of Myristica fragrans could be evaluate with HPLC fingerprint method. HPLC-MS was used to analyze the chemical composition of complex components, which will provide reference for the identification and analysis of chemical components of the extracts and preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
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Medicinal plants play a key role in human health care. Phytochemicals can be derived from different parts of plants. Different medicinal plants and their phytoextracts have shown anti-microbial action. Phytochemicals from Myristica fragrans plant extract are traditionally used to cure Diarrhea. Molecular docking method applied using “Biovia Discovery Studio”. “High positive values of -CDOCKER energy and -CDOCKER interaction energy” suggested that Eugenol can effectively deactivate the shikimate dehydrogenase enzyme thereby interrupting the life cycle of the organism.
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Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate analgesic activity of ethanolic extract, methanol and benzene fraction of Myristica fragrans on wistar albino rats.Methods: The present study was carried out in the department of pharmacology JNMC AMU and F.H. Medical College, Agra. The analgesic activity was evaluated by employing the Eddy’s hot plate method and tail flick response method. In both the tests, Rats of either sex weighing 150-200 g were used. The total number of animals n=36 were allocated to six groups. Each group consist of six animals each. The response noted in animals that were tested by hot plate method was reaction time for licking/biting of both the paws before and after administration of control & test drugs. However in Tail flick test, the pain threshold response was recorded before and after administration of control & test drugs. The statistical analysis was done by using one-way ANOVA. The data is expressed as Mean±SEM. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Ethanolic extracts and methanol fraction of M. fragrans showed statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in reaction time for licking/biting in hot plate method. On the contrary a significant increase in pain threshold was also recorded in tail flick response test. It is interesting to note that no significant degree of analgesia related to any dose of benzene fraction was observed.Conclusions: The present study reveals the dose dependent significant analgesic activity of the extracts of M. fragrans i.e. ethanolic extracts and methanol fraction in both the test. However, the degree of analgesia was recorded significantly higher in groups received higher doses of extracts of M. fragrans.
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Background@#Some findings of an artifacts have revealed that nature based the raw have been used for the treatment of mankind's diseases over 60 000 years ago. WHO estimates that about 80 percentage of the world's population are consume the traditional medical care, and uses more than 21,000 plant species for therapeutic purposes. In order to help guide its member countries the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed The WHO Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023. Some of the strategic actions in this document include:</br> • To develop and share appropriate research methodologies and criteria for evaluating the safety, efficacy, and quality of TM (Traditional Medicine) products; </br> • To study and explain the disease prevention, health maintenance, the diagnosis and the treatment of the TM disease according to the evidence based scientific studies. @*Objectives@#to determine the most frequently used medicinal plants for the treatment of "Rlung" in the TM.@*Methods@#The comparison method, the synthesis and analysis method, the induction and deduction method, the listing and sorting method, the inspecting and arrange method, and the methods of documents' drafting were used in this study.@*Results@#It is shown that over 80 raw materials of plant, mineral and animal origins has to list within 32 drug recipes which used "Rlung" disease of TM. The first five raw materials from these 80 ingredients have been repeatedly lists zadi - 30, agar (black, white, red agar) -19, arur-19, lish -18, and nin shosh -18 times.@*Conclusion@#The most frequently used the raw materialin the treatment of "Rlung" diseases is the seeds of Myristica fragrans Houtt. which contains a lot of the saturated acids with membrane-enhancing effects and strong antioxidant substances.
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Objective To analyze and identify the transitional constituents of combination Psoralea corylifolia-Myristica fragrans in vivo and in vitro, and further study the effect of this combination on transitional components. Methods A rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography/orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) method was established to rapidly analyze constituents of before and after combination P. corylifolia-M. fragrans after oral administration in rats, and combined with Peakview software analysis. Results Compared with in vitro extract of P. corylifolia, there are 15 prototypes absorbed into the blood. Compared with in vitro combination P. corylifolia-M. fragrans extract, 26 prototype components were absorbed into the blood. Compared with M. fragrans extract, six prototype components were absorbed into the blood. Conclusion By using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS method, the main chemical constituents from the combination can be rapidly and accurately identified, and the results would facilitate the quality control of combination P. corylifolia-M. fragrans for safe and efficient use.
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Several studies have revealed that certain naturally occurring medicinal plants inhibit the growth of various cancers. The present study was conducted to evaluate cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction potential of Myristica fragrans Houtt mace extract. The cytotoxic activity of the Myristica fragrans Houtt mace acetone extract was assayed by MTT assay on human oral epidermal carcinoma KB cell lines. KB cells were incubated with different concentration of mace extract ranging from 25 to 125 µg/mL for 24hrs. The apoptotic induction potential was also studied by the analysis of Bcl-2 protein and gene expression in mace extract incubated KB cell lines using western blotting technique and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The mace extract exhibited cytotoxicity and anticancer effect against KB cell lines and it also suppressed the growth of cancer cells, therefore growth inhibitory effect was noted in extract treated cell lines. The apoptotic potential of mace extract was accompanied by reduced gene expression of Bcl-2 compared to the untreated KB cells. The mace extract shows the cytotoxic activity and induced the apoptosis through the modulation of its target genes Bcl-2 in the KB cell lines, suggesting the potential of mace as a candidate for oral cancer chemoprevention. This can be further investigated in vivo for its anticancer potential.
Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/analysis , KB Cells , Myristica/anatomy & histology , Cytotoxins/analysis , Plants, Medicinal/classification , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Apoptosis , Genes, bcl-2/physiologyABSTRACT
In our program to search for new AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators from plants that exert potential anticancer property, we found that an EtOAc extract of Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) activated AMPK enzyme in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Two major diarylbutane-type lignans, macelignan and meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (MDGA), were isolated as active principles from this extract. Treatment of breast cancer cells with two compounds induced cellular apoptosis, evidenced by cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and Ser 15 phosphorylation of p53. Moreover, macelignan and MDGA significantly inhibited the colony formation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells on soft agar. Intraperitoneal injection of macelignan and MDGA (20 mg/kg) suppressed the tumor growth of 4T1 mammary cancer cells. These results indicate that the chemopreventive effects of two major diarylbutane-type lignans from Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) may be associated with induction of apoptosis presumably through AMPK activation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Agar , AMP-Activated Protein Kinases , Apoptosis , Breast Neoplasms , Breast , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Lignans , MCF-7 Cells , Myristica , PhosphorylationABSTRACT
Background: Inflammation is one of an important biological response toward injury. Cytokine and mediator are produced by macrophage during the inflammatory process. Anti-inflammatory is important to treat the dangerous of chronic inflammation associated with chronic disease. Various plants and their derived compounds have been used in the treatment of inflammation including Myristica fragrans. The present study was designed to determine anti-inflammatory potential of M. fragrans seed (Nutmeg) ethanolic extract and pure quercetin extract from M. fragrans on LPS stimulated-murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). Methods: Cell viability assay to evaluate the non toxic concentration in cell line was performed by MTS assay. The anti-inflammatory potential was assayed through the inhibitory activity of M. fragrans seed extract and quercetin on NO, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production. Results: The lowest cytotoxic activity and safe substance on RAW 264.7 cell were 50 and 10 μg/mL concentration of the M. fragrans seed ethanolic extract and quercetin compound. M. fragrans dose-dependently inhibited NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production on LPS stimulated-RAW 264.7. The 50 μg/mL of M. fragrans seed ethanolic extract showed the highest TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and nitrite-associated with NO inhibitory activity. Conclusions: This research suggested that M. fragrans seed extract and quercetin compound possess the anti-inflammatory potential showed through the inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and NO secretion.
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Much attention has been drawn to the toxic effect of bromate on the organs like liver, spleen etc. However, it is not clear whether or not the toxicity of bromate is related to other vital organs like the kidney. Hence, the present work is geared towards not only unraveling the toxic effect of bromate on the kidney but more importantly investigate the protective effect of African nutmeg Myristica fragrans against bromate induced toxicity in this organ. Twenty wistar albino rats (180 to 200 g) were divided into 4 groups. Group I was given normal rat feed with water as control; group II was administered with 1.0mL Potassium bromate (KBrO3) solution (30 mg/kg body weight); groups III and IV were simultaneously administered with 1.0mL of KBrO3 each and 1.0mL of 20% and 40% aqueous extract of African nutmeg respectively. All the treatments were given daily for two weeks. Enzyme biomarkers such as Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alkaline Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), Cholesterol (CHOL), High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-CHOL), Triglycerides (TRIG), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the kidney homogenate. Results obtained showed that although bromate exerted significant (P < 0.05) toxic effects on the kidney homogenate, administration of the aqueous seed extract of African nutmeg caused a marked reversal in the toxicity of bromate in a dose dependent fashion. Since, the introduction of bromate caused an alteration in enzyme biomarkers in the kidney homogenate, this indicates that the seed is a potential antioxidant against bromate toxicity of the kidney tissues.
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Objective: To clarify the contribution of the fingerprint peaks from different parts of prepared Ershen Pill to the effect of warming spleen to relieve diarrhea, and to reflect the material basis. Methods: The HPLC fingerprints of different parts of Ershen Pill (composed of Psoraleae Fructus stir-baked with saltwater and Myristica Fragrans simmered with bran) were established. The diarrhea index of acute diarrhea in mice caused by senna leaf was researched to compare the effect of warming spleen to relieve diarrhea. Results: The fingerprints of different parts of Ershen Pill were established, and all of the similarity degrees were over 0.90. The effect of warming spleen to relieve diarrhea of Ershen Pill was obtained from many constituents collaboratively. The contribution of different peaks to relieve diarrhea with astringents was ranked as 6 > 18 > 7 > 20 > 14 > 21 > 1 > 25 > 24 > 23 > 4 > 3 > 8 > 11. Conclusion: The method for establishing HPLC fingerprints of different parts of Ershen Pill is simple and repeatable. The relationship between the fingerprints and the effect of warming spleen to relieve diarrhea is paralleled to some extent. And this will lay a foundation for the research of processing mechanism of Ershen Pill.
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Objective To observe the antidepressant effect of the volatile oil of Myristica in mice and investigate its mechanism.Methods Healthy male Kunming mice were divided into control group,fluoxetine hydrochloride group,high,medium and low dose group,and all of the mice were gavaged for 7 days.The role of antidepressant on the mice were observed with tail suspension tests and forced swimming tests.Then serotonin(5-HT),dopamine(DA) and norepinephrine (NE) in the brain of the mice were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with the control group((82.60 ± 24.70)s),the medium dose group could shorten the immobility time of the tail suspension tests ((54.40± 15.87) s),and showed statistical significance (P＜ 0.05).The content of 5-HT,DA,NE in the brain of the medium group were (19.35±2.79) ng/ml,(12.16±0.71)pg/ml,(0.27±0.12) ng/ml,and control group were (14.95±4.83) ng/ml,(11.32±0.95) pg/ml,(0.20±0.11) ng/ml.Compared with the control group,the content of 5-HT of the medium dose group was increased and showed statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion The volatile oil of Myristica fragrans Houtt has antidepressant effect,and may be related to raising the content of 5-HT,DA,NE in the brain of the mice,especially 5-HT.
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Objective: To analyze the chemical constituents of the essential oil extracted from the seeds of Myristica fragrans Houtt.(nutmeg) in Indonesia and to provide qualities control scientific foundations.Methods: The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and separated with GC capillary column.The relative content of every compound was determined by normalization method and the chemical compositions were evaluated by GC-MS.Results: Ninety-three chromatographic peaks were isolated and sixty-one compounds were identified,accounting for 97.62% of the total essential oil in nutmeg.Conclusion: The essential components of nutmeg in Indonesia is monoterpenoids and it's derivatives,accounting for 78.87% of the total essential oil.And phenolic compounds were the secondary composition,accounting for 16.79%.The essential oil contains safrole,which can induce genetoxicity and mutagenicity in animal,and myristicin and elemicin which can induce illusion.So,it must be careful when Myristica fragrans Houtt was used.