ABSTRACT
The experiment was under taken during the year 2007-08 to study the effect of long term fertilization and manuring on labile carbon and N mineralization. The dynamics of C and N was studied in the ongoing long term fertilizer experiment initiated since kharif 1988 at Akola, Maharashtra. The experiment comprised of twelve treatments including NPK levels with and without FYM, sulphur and zinc replicated four times in randomised block design. The manure and fertilizers were given to sorghum crop every year and only fertilizers were applied to wheat crop. The soil samples from all the treatments were collected from 0-20 cm depth. The highest and significant increase in the, labile carbon, and NO3 - N and NH3 - N were recorded in the treatment of 10 t FYM ha-1 + 100% NPK (100:50:40 kg NPK for sorghum and 120:60:60 kg NPK for wheat) by 40.1, 18.5 and 29.0 per cent respectively over 100% recommended NPK.
ABSTRACT
Background: The application of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) will affect the bacterial community structure as some groups will be favoured and others not. An alkaline saline soil with electrolytic conductivity (EC) 56 dS m-1 was spiked with anthracene and acetone while their effect on bacterial community structure was investigated. Results: The percentages of Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased over time, while the percentage of Proteobacteria, mostly Xanthomonadales, increased. The percentage of the phylotypes belonging to the Nocardioides, Rhodococcus and Streptomyces, known degraders of PAHs, was larger in the anthracene-amended soil than in the acetone-amended and unamended soil at day 14. The phylotypes belonging to the genera Sphingomonas, also a known degrader of PAHs, however, was lower. Weighted and unweighted PCoA with UniFrac indicated that phylotypes were similar in the different treatments at day 0, but changed at day 1. After 14 days, phylotypes in the unamended and acetone-amended soil were similar, but different from those in the anthracene-spiked soil. Conclusions: It was found that incubating the soil and contaminating it with anthracene changed the bacterial community structure, but spiking the soil with acetone had little or no effect on the bacterial community structure compared to the unamended soil.
Subject(s)
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons , Soil Microbiology , Bacteria/growth & development , Phylogeny , Bacteria/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Cloning, Molecular , Microbiota , AnthracenesABSTRACT
A disposição final do lodo de esgoto vem se caracterizando como um dos problemas ambientais urbanos mais relevantes da atualidade, e que cresce diariamente tanto nos países desenvolvidos quanto naqueles em desenvolvimento, com reflexos da ampliação das redes de coleta e incremento dos níveis de tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito do N mineral e do lodo de esgoto no rendimento de matéria seca e na relação C/N da aveia preta. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Unesp Campus de Botucatu. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, constituídos por 6 tratamentos e 5 repetições assim definidos: T0 sem adubação nitrogenada; T1 70 kg ha-1 de N mineral; T2 35 kg ha-1 de N proveniente do lodo de esgoto e 35 kg ha-1 de N na forma mineral; T3 70 kg ha-1 de N proveniente do lodo de esgoto; T4 105 kg ha-1 de N proveniente do lodo de esgoto; T5 140 kg ha-1 de N proveniente do lodo de esgoto. Os parâmetros avaliados foram acúmulo da matéria seca e a relação C/N com coletas efetuadas aos 60, 75, 90, 105 e 120 dias após a semeadura. O aumento da dose de lodo proporcionou incremento no rendimento de matéria seca da aveia. O N proporcionou uma menor relação C/N na planta da aveia.
The final display of sewage sludge has been characterized as one of the most relevant environmental problems in the cities; it daily increases in both developed and developing countries, resulting in larger collection networks and increased treatment levels. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of mineral N and sewage sludge on dry matter yield and C/N ratio in black oat. The experiment was conducted in São Manuel Experimental Farm, belonging to the Faculty Agronomic Sciences, Unesp, Botucatu. The adopted experimental design was in randomized blocks constituted of 6 treatments and 5 replicates, as follows: T0 without nitrogen fertilization; T1 70 kg ha-1 of the N mineral; T2 35 kg ha-1 of the N from sewage sludge and 35 kg ha-1 of the N in the mineral form; T3 70 kg ha-1 of the N from sewage sludge; T4 105 kg ha-1 of the N from sewage sludge;- T5 140 kg ha-1 of the N from sewage sludge. The parameters evaluated were dry matter acumulation and C/N ratio; with collections made at 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 days after sowing. Increasing the dose of sewage sludge provided increment in dry matter yield in oat. The N provided a lawoer C/N ratio in plant oats.