Neurocognitive Correlates of Statistical Learning of Orthographic-Semantic Connections in Chinese Adult Learners / 神经科学通报·英文版

We examined the neural correlates of the statistical learning of orthographic-semantic connections in Chinese adult learners. Visual event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants were exposed to a sequence of artificial logographic characters containing semantic radicals carrying low, moderate, or high levels of semantic consistency. The behavioral results showed that the mean accuracy of participants' recognition of previously exposed characters was 63.1% that was significantly above chance level (50%), indicating the statistical learning of the regularities of semantic radicals. The ERP data revealed a temporal sequence of the neural process of statistical learning of orthographic-semantic connections, and different brain indexes were found to be associated with this processing, i.e., a clear N170-P200-N400 pattern. For N170, the larger negative amplitudes were evoked by the high and moderate consistency than the low consistency. For P200, the mean amplitudes elicited by the moderate and low consistency were larger than the high consistency. In contrast, a larger N400 amplitude was observed in the low than moderate and high consistency; and more negative amplitude was elicited by the moderate than high consistency. We propose that the initial potential shifts (N170 and P200) may reflect orthographic or graphic form identification, while the later component (N400) may be associated with semantic information analysis.

Efectos de la expresión emocional y de la orientación del rostro sobre las respuestas conductuales y el componente N170 / Effects of emotional expresión and orientation of faces on behavioral and on N170 component

Resumen En este estudio se pretendió corroborar el efecto de inversión con estímulos de rostros calmos, de miedo e ira tomados de la base de datos de rostros calmos y emocionales NSTIM (base de datos de rostros), presentados de forma vertical e invertida, con una duración de presentación de 2000 milisegundos. Los resultados muestran que no hubo modulación del componente N170 tanto en latencia como en amplitud ante la presentación de rostros invertidos comparados con los rostros presentados verticalmente. Tampoco se encontró alteración en la precisión de la respuesta y demora en los tiempos de reacción ante los rostros invertidos comparados con los rostros verticales. Estos resultados probablemente se pueden explicar por la presentación prolongada de los rostros invertidos que permitieron a los participantes tener el tiempo para reorganizar los elementos que componen los rostros. El aporte de este estudio es poner en evidencia que el tiempo de presentación de rostros invertidos es crucial para que se presente el efecto de inversión de rostros, el cual debe estar entre 200 y 500 milisegundos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to confirm the inversion effect with calm, fear and anger faces taken from calm and emotional NSTIM (face database) face database presented in upright and upside down position. The duration of the stimuli was 2000 ms. There was no modulation in latency or amplitude of the N170 component for inverted faces. There was no alteration in accuracy and reaction times in inverted faces compared to vertical faces. These results could be explained by the long presentation of the inverted faces that probably permitted the participants to reorganize the elements that compose the face. The contribution of this study is to demonstrate that the time presentation of the inverted faces between 200 and 500 ms is crucial for the FIE to appear.

Event-Related Potentials in Major Depressive Disorder / 신경정신의학

Many event-related potentials (ERPs) studies have been performed in major depressive disorder. ERPs include P50, N170, loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP), P300, and mismatch negativity (MMN). These ERPs have good time-resolution as noninvasive methods, so they can be used easily in clinical practice and research. For example, ERPs can be used to differentiate patients from healthy people, as well as for assessing the subtype and severity, investigating the psychopathology, and predicting the treatment response in mental disorders. This review focuses on P50, N170, LDAEP, P300, and MMN in major depressive disorders.

Efectos en la amplitud y la latencia del componente n170 ante la presentación de rostros emocionales de ira y miedo / Effects of the presentation of fear and anger emotional faces on the amplitude and latency of the n170 component

Resumen La discriminación de las emociones expresadas a nivel facial es importante para las relaciones sociales, la empatía y la interacción social. El objetivo de este estudio fue observar si existían diferencias en el procesamiento cortical ante dos emociones básicas, la ira y el miedo y definir si la percepción de la ira intensa genera una mayor modulación del componente N170 en amplitud y latencia en comparación con las imágenes de rostros con expresión de miedo intenso. Para este estudio se utilizó la técnica de potenciales evocados con un montaje de 32 canales. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en latencia para las imágenes de rostros que expresan ira intensa, comparados con la condición de imágenes de rostros de miedo intenso. Se encontraron diferencias tanto de la amplitud como de latencia ante imágenes de rostros de ira y miedo intensos en comparación con imágenes de rostros neutros.

Abstract The discrimination of emotions expressed by the facial expressions is important for social relationships, empathy and social interactions. The main aim of this study was to study whether there were differences in the cortical processing to two basic emotions, anger and fear, and whether the perception of intense anger generates a higher modulation in amplitude and latency of the N170 component than intense fear. The technique used was event related potentials with a 32-channel montage. We found significant differences in the latency for images of faces expressing intense anger compared to the condition of images of faces of intense fear, as well as differences in amplitude in latency in response to the presentation of neutral faces in comparison to intense anger and fear.

Different emotion faces stimulation in patients with major depressive disorder by Event-related Potential N170 / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate effects of three kinds of neutral,happy,sad emotional faces stimulus on sustained attention task using N170 in depression patients to analysis the correlation of depression in patients with depression,anxiety severity and the amplitude and latency of N170.Methods Twenty-eight patients with depression aged from 22 to 69 years (case group),and 31 healthy controls (control group) aged from 20 to 61 years were recruited for the study.Subjects were asked to perform tasks in the selection of attention following randomly presented three kinds of happy,neutral and sad emotional faces stimuli.Brain auditory evoked potential including N170 amplitude and latency were recorded during the tasks.HAMD and HAMA were used to assess the severity of depression and anxiety.Results There was significant difference between case group and control group in N170 latency by three kinds of happy,neutral and sad emotional faces stimulation in the local skull (T5,T6,O1,O2) (P＜0.05).But the difference was not significant in N170 amplitude (P＞0.05).The total score of HAMD in case group had a positive correlation with N170 amplitude by neutral facial emotion stimulation in part of T5 (r=0.443,P=0.018).Conclusion There is significant change in the initial cognitive processing of different emotional faces in the patients with depression.And the severity of depression is related to the N170 amplitude induced by the neutral emotional faces stimulation in some parts of brain.

Time course and neural basis of early visual perception for facial emotions / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

The complex multidimensional visual patterns of facial expression is particularly well sui ted for studying perception and the processes underlying perceptual integration of component parts into a meaningful whole.With the high resolution in milliseconds,event-related potential (ERP) may be an excellent technique to track the time course of cognitive processing for facial emotions.Facial affective stimuli elicit particular ERP components involved in early processing of facial expressions,including:early sensory processing of visual stimuli:the P100;early structural encoding of facial features:the N170;second-order sustained activities necessary for consequent deeper processing:the posterior P2 and decoding of facial features to identify emotional content:the N250.We reviewed above mentioned ERP components respectively,in order to add the knowledge about ERP components as indicators of neural dynamics of facial emotion processing,and to provide a point of reference for further exploration on facial emotion processing that may be useful for understanding human cognition development and pathology.

Gender Difference in Event Related Potentials to Masked Emotional Stimuli in the Oddball Task

OBJECTIVE: We investigated gender differences in event-related potential (ERP) responses to subliminally presented threat-related stimuli. METHODS: Twenty-four participants were presented with threat-related and neutral pictures for a very brief period of time (17 ms). To explore gender differences in ERP responses to subliminally presented stimuli, we examined six ERP components [P1, N170, N250, P300, Early Posterior Negativity (EPN) and Late Positive Potential (LPP)]. RESULTS: The result revealed that only female participants showed significant increases in the N170 and the EPN in response to subliminally presented threat-related stimuli compared to neutral stimuli. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that female participants exhibit greater cortical processing of subliminally presented threat-related stimuli than male participants.

Cognitive Impairment in Epileptics with Topiramate or Valproate Treatment by Visual Completion Negativity / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo evaluate the cognitive impairment in epilepsy patients with topiramate (TPM) or valproate (VPA) treatment by using visual completion negativity of faces.Methods30 epileptic patients were divided into two groups receiving TPM or VPA, respectively. 15 healthy volunteers were included as controls. Unfamiliar grey-scale photographs of faces (front view) were used as stimuli. Two types of visual stimuli were presented randomly: pictures of complete faces, pictures of incomplete faces (the occluded part was the left-top quadrant).ResultsN170 were elicited in all participants in each condition. The peak latency of N1 elicited by incomplete faces was delayed compared with complete faces in two groups. Under incomplete faces, a decreased and delayed N170 was observed only in TPM group (P<0.05). N170 amplitude and latency did not change in VPA group (P>0.05).ConclusionChanges of N170 is more obvious in patients with TPM than VPA. Cognitive impairment was not present in epilepsy patients with VPA treatment.

Neurobiology of Facial Perception and Facial Affect Recognition / 신경정신의학

Recognition of face is an essential cognitive processing to communicate information directly each other. The electrophysiological data have demonstrated that the negative event-related potential (ERP) recorded at occipitotemporal leads, the N170 potential, is a very sensitive neural correlate for faces. The fusiform gyrus, located on the ventromedial surface of temporal and occipital lobes, has been demonstrated to be a key brain region for face perception. Because the face contains the emotional informations, study about face recognition includes emotional processing as well as structural processing of face. So as a essential part of social cognition, the face recognition and facial affects preception have been paid attentions by many researchers. In this article, we reviewed some important research data about face recognition and face affect perception.

Early Face Processing of Internet Addiction Patients by Face-specific N170 / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To study early face processing of internet addiction patients by using ERP method. Methods Ten healthy young man 18~21 years and 10 internet addiction patients 17~22 years served as subjects in experiment. Two runs of 300 stimuli (duration: 50 ms) of 3 facial and 3 non-facial pictures were randomly presented with equal probability (ISI: from 1 000 ms to 1 500 ms randomly), and the subjects were asked to react to facial stimuli and non-facial stimuli by pressing the left button and right button respectively as quickly as possible. Thirty two channel electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded by Neuroscan Nuamps System. Results 1) Specific-face component Nd170 (face N170 minus object N170) was found in both groups, which was distributed at the temporal-occipital region in control groups but at occipital region in internet addiction group; 2) Compared with Nd170 in internet addiction group, Nd170 was significantly lower at occipital negion and delayed in control group. Conclusion The early face processing mechanism of internet addiction patients may be different from normal people.