ABSTRACT
Objective To explore Annexin A2 expression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and investigate the correlation of Annexin A2 expression with invasion and metastasis of human ESCC. Methods From 2000 to 2008, specimens of Xinjiang medical University First Affiliated Hospital were collected. Pathologically confirmed ESCC surgical specimens were set as experimental group, and the corresponding tumor adjacent tissues located more than 5 cm far from ESCC center were set as control group. 22 fresh and 175 paraffin-embeded ESCC specimens with corresponding adjacent tissues were randomly collected as study samples. With qRT-PCR, Western-blot and immunohistochemistry, the expression of Annexin A2 were detected at the mRNA and protein level. The correlation between Annexin A2 expression and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Results In 22 pairs of fresh ESCC and corresponding tumor adjacent tissues, the expression of Annexin A2 at mRNA level was significantly higher in tumor adjacent tissues (0. 06 ± 0. 06) than that in ESCC (0. 02 ±0. 02) (P＜0.05 ). Annexin A2 expression at protein level was also significantly higher in tumor adjacent tissues (0.95±0. 42) than ESCC (0.81±0. 36) (P＜0.05). In 175 paraffin-embeded ESCC specimens and corresponding adjacent tissues, the positive rate of Annexin A2 protein expression was 82. 3% (144/175) of the ESCC samples, which was lower than corresponding tumor adjacent tissues 92. 0% (161/175)(P＜0. 05). In addition, Annexin A2 expression was correlated with lymphoid node metastasis (P＜0.05) and pathological differentiation in patients with ESCC (P＜0.05). However, there was no apparent correlation with gross type (P＞0. 05). Conclusion The low expression of Annexin A2 in ESCC maybe played a potential role in the carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis.
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Objective To investigate the ability of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and MRI in detecting skull-base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Sixty-one patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma received whole body and skull-base tomography SPECT, and nasopharynx and skull-base MRI before radiotherapy. The results were double-blind compared and evaluated. Results The overall positive rates of skull-base invasion detected by SPECT and MRI were 51% and 46% (P=0.508). In paitents with headache, cranial nerve palsy or both, the rates were 83% and 86% (P=1.000) ,80% and 80% (P=1.000), 88% and 94% (P=1.000), respectively. In patients with T1+T2 and T3+T4lesions,the rates were 22% and 0(P=0.031) ,74% and 82% (P=0.250) ,repectively. In patients with N0+N1and N2+N3lesions,they were 50% and 48% (P=1.000) ,53% and 40% (P=0.500) ,respectively. The conformation rate between SPECT and MRI was 85%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that T stage was a risk factor for positive SPECT(χ2=4.23,P=0.040, OR=3.04). Headache tended to be a risk factor for both positive SPECT and positive MRI (χ2=3.13, P=0.077, OR=4.54;χ2=3.64,P=0.056,OR=12.00). Conclusions The detection sensitivity of SPECT in skull-base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is equivalent to that of MRI. The consistency between SPECT and MRI is good. Moreover, there is a good correlation between SPECT and symptoms, signs and stage. SPECT of skullbase tomography is necessary for patients with severe headache, negative CT and those who can not receive MRI. When SPECT result is positive,skull-base should be considered to be invaded and should be defined as gross tumor volume in radiotherapy planning.
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Objective To study the surgical treatment of duodenal invasion by cancer of hepatic flexure of (colon). Methods Clinical data of 15 cases of duodenal invasion by cancer of hepatic flexure of colon were analyzed retrospectively.Results Invasion of the second or third portion of the duodenum by cancer of the hepatic flexure of colon occurred in 15 cases.The duodenum was adhered to the cancer in 6 cases,(seromuscular) invasion by the tumor in 5 cases,and duodenocolic fistula in 4 cases. All of the cases received surgical (treatment). 8 cases were mucoid adenocarcinomas, 4 were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, two were moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, and one was signet-ring cell carcinoma. One patient died (after) operation, and the five-year survival rate was 46.7%(7/15). Conclusions Duodenum is the first organ easily to be invaded by cancer of hepatic flexare of colon. Radical and en bloc resection of the colonic cancer and involved organs is the best therapeutic method. The key to recovery is correct treatment of the (surgical) defect of the duodenum.