Utilidad del índice triglicéridos/HDL-C desde los primeros años de vida en el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico en niños obesos / Utility of the triglycerides/HDL-C index from the first years of age in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in obese children

Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad del índice triglicéridos/HDL-C (TG/HDL-C) para el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico (SM) en niños obesos de 2 a 14 años. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal tipo prueba de diagnóstico. Fueron incluidos 360 niños obesos exógenos (199M/161F), divididos en tres grupos etarios: 2 a <6 años, 6 a <10 años y 10 a 14 años. Se definió SM según los criterios de la International Diabetes Federation y se evaluó al índice TG/HDL-C como diagnóstico en dos puntos de corte: ≥2,32 y ≥3,5, en cada grupo etario. Se aplicó Chi cuadrado, considerándose significativo p<0,05. Se determinó la sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos positivo y negativo, para cada punto de corte. Resultados: La frecuencia de SM fue 15,79% de 2 a <6 años, 20,25% de 6 a <10 años, 19,63% de 10 a 14 años. En los niños con SM el 97,1% presentó HDL bajo, 83,8% triglicéridos elevados. Se encontró diferencia significativa en la frecuencia del índice TG/HDL-C en ambos puntos de corte, entre los niños con y sin SM en todos los grupos etarios. La sensibilidad para ambos puntos de corte fue alta (86-100%) y la especificidad fue mejor para el punto de corte ≥3,5 (72-80%). Conclusiones: El índice TG/HDL-C ≥3,5 representaría un marcador sensible y específico para el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico desde los primeros años de vida.

Objective: To determine the utility of the triglycerides/HDL-C index for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese 2-14 years of age children. Methods: Cross-sectional diagnostic study. We included 360 exogenous obese children (199M/161F) divided in three age groups: 2 to <6; 6 to <10 and 10-14 years. MS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation and the TG/HDL-C index was evaluated using two cutoffs by age group, ≥2.32 and ≥3.5. Chi squared was used accepting a p value <0.05 as statistically significant. Fir each cut-off we determined sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. Results: Frequency of MS was 15.79% in the 2 to <6 years age group; 20.25% in the 6 to<10 years age group and 19.63% in the 10-14 years age group. Among children with SM, 97.1% had low HDL and 83.8% had elevated triglycerides. A statistically significant difference was found in the frequency of the TG/HDL-C index in children with or without MS in all age groups. Sensitivity for all cut-offs was high (86-100%) and specificity was best for the cut-off of ≥3.5 (72-80%). Conclusions: The TG/HDL-C index is a sensitive and specific marker of MS from the first years of age.

Application of ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks marked by arteriae circumflexa ilium profundain elderly hernia surgery / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical effect of ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal/iliohypo-gastric nerve blocks marked by arteriae circumflexa ilium profunda in elderly hernia surgery. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ grade patients (33 males and 7 females)of 65-90 years old scheduled for elective hernia surgery were randomly divided into two groups (n =20).In group T,patients received ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks bytraditional anatomical positioning;in group V,patients re-ceived ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks marked by arteriae circumflexa ilium profunda.The comparison was made between the two groups in term of onset time of anesthe-sia,VAS score of intraoperative and postoperative 6 h.Anesthesia satisfaction,incidence of uros-chesis,misplacement local anesthetics into blood-vessels were recorded.Results The onset time of anesthesia in group V was significantly shorter than that in group T [(6.1 ± 1.8)min vs (12.1 ± 2.0)min,P <0.05].The VAS score of intraoperative in group T was significantly higher than that of group V [(4.5 ± 1.1 )scores vs (2.1 ± 0.9 )scores,P < 0.05 ].The anesthesia satisfaction of group V was higher than that of group T (P <0.05).There was one misplacement local anesthetics into blood-vessels in group T.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks marked by arteriae circumflexa ilium profunda can provide safe,effective and reliable anesthesia in elderly hernia surgery.

Study of diagnostic value of neutrophil CD64 and sTREM-1 in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore the neutrophil CD64 and sTREM-1 in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia ( CAP) in the diagnosis of clinical value. Methods: 76 elderly CAP hospitalized patients were divided into severe pneumonia group (n=23) (live in 15 cases,8 deaths)and ordinary pneumonia group(n=53) according to severity;45 patients in the control group compared with healthy older persons. Peripheral blood neutrophil CD64 was measured by automatic flow cytometry,sTREM-1 levels was measured by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The receiver operating characteristic curve ( ROC curve) was used to check diagnostic value of the detection. Results: Median concentrations of CD64 and sTREM-1 in the severe pneumonia group,general pneumonia group and control group were 37. 49,18. 82 and 10. 63 MFI,and 75. 39,65. 31 and 43. 96 pg/ml, respective-ly. Although there was significant differences among the three groups ( P<0. 05 ); CD64 and sTREM-1 in Severe pneumonia survival group reduced to a normal level as his condition improved gradually,death group continued to rise as the disease,and peaked at the time of death;the area under the ROC curve of CD64,sTREM-1were respectively 0. 876,0. 843,which was 0. 917 by combination of CD64 and sTREM-1. Conclusion: Both CD64 and sTREM-1 are good markers in the diagnosis value of CAP, the dynamic changes of two may reflect the condition and prognosis of CAP.

Development of a type II diabetic mellitus animal model using Micropig(R) / 한국실험동물학회지

Diabetes, which has shown an explosive increase in terms of its incidence, is regarded as a serious disease that must be overcome for the sake of human life. Among animal models used for testing of drug efficacy, the mini-pig model has shown a rapid upload due to its many similarities with human, particularly concerning the pharmacokinetics of compounds after subcutaneous administration, the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract, the morphology of the pancreas, and overall metabolic status. Based on these various advantages, we sought to develop an animal model of type II diabetic mellitus using the Micro-pig, which differs from other miniature pigs. We used six male Micro-pigs for induction of a moderate insulin deficient model with nicotinamide (NIA)/streptozotocin (STZ) treatment and three animals for control. For evaluation of incidence of type II diabetes, we measured blood glucose level, and performed oral glucose tolerance test and immunohistochemistry on pancreatic tissue using insulin antibody. Compared to control animals, all animals treated with NIA/STZ showed high levels of glucose and low levels of insulin. In addition, we observed the partially destroyed beta cell population from tissue of the pancreas in treated animals. Based on these results, we report that the Micro-pig model developed in this study can be used for testing of the efficacy of therapeutic agents for treatment of Type 2 diabetic mellitus.

New Diagnostic Criteria for Alzheimer's Disease : NIA-AA Diagnostic Guidelines

NINCDS-ADRDA and DSM-III clinical diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) were established in early 1980s, Since then, there has been unprecedented growth of scientific knowledge and techniques including reliable biomarkers for AD pathologies as well as information about non-AD dementia, various AD phenotypes, and insufficient diagnostic accuracy of the current AD criteria, The need to test early intervention was also much elevated. All these changes recently urged to revise the current AD clinical diagnostic criteria. Against these backgrounds, the National Institute of Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA)-sponsored expert workgroups proposed new diagnostic guidelines for AD in 2011, which consists of three separate parts : 1) the diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease ; 2) the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease ; 3) toward defining the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease. This article aimed to briefly introduce the NIA-AA guidelines and their influence on clinical researches and practice on AD.

Effect of compound preparation of Astragalus mongholicus on subsets of lymphocytes in patients with myasthenia gravis / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of compound preparation of Astragalus mongho-licus on subsets of lymphocytes in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), and to explore its regulatory mechanism. Methods 60 MG patients were randomly divided into test group (n=30, given compoundpreparation of Astragalus mongholicus for 12 wks) and control group (n=30, given prednisone tablets for 12 wks). Flow cytometry was applied to examining the distribution change of the subsets of lym-phocytes in patients before and after treatment. Results After treatment, the percentages of CD4+ T cells and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in both groups decreased compared with those before treatment.The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in test group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05).The percentage of CD8+ T cells in test group after treatment increased significantly (P<0.05) com-pared with that before treatment, but had no significant difference compared with that in control group(P>0. 05). Conclusion The result from the current study suggests that one of the mechanisms of the compound preparation of Astragalus monghoticus regulating immune response may be achieved through its modulating effect on the distribution of subsets of lymphoeytes and humoral immune func-tion.

Morbimortalidad por Bronconeumonía en el Hogar del Adulto Mayor "Hermanas Giralt Andreu" / Morbimortalidad for Bronchopneumonia in the Adult's bigger Sisters Home Giralt Andreu

Se realiza un trabajo investigativo en el Hogar del Adulto Mayor "Hermanas Giralt Andreu" con el objetivo de conocer la morbimortalidad por bronconeumonía en el período comprendido entre el año 1996 y 1997. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, donde se comprobó que en el 1996 padecieron de esta enfermedad 41 ancianas, de las cuales 20 fallecieron por esta causa. Durante el transcurso del año 1997 padecieron de dicha enfermedad 34 ancianas y 10 fallecieron a consecuencias de esta afección(AU)

We made a research study aimed at finding out the morbidity and mortality rates from bronchopneumonia in "Hermanas Giralt Andrew" Home for the Aged in 1996 and 1997. We conducted a retrospective study which revealed that 41 aged women suffered from this disease, 20 of whom died. Throught 1997, 34 old women suffered from asthma fits and 10 died(AU)