Method of preparing macrophage-targeting nanobody 68Ga-NOTA-Nb119 as PET molecular probe / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To prepare positron emission computed tomography (PET) molecular probes targeting macrophages using Nb119 and BCⅡ10 labeled with 68Ga nuclide. 【Methods】 To explore the labeling conditions of nanobodies with 68Ga nuclides, first, the anti-Vsig4 nanobody Nb119 and isotype control antibody BCⅡ10 were incubated with NOTA and then purified to obtain the chelating agent-modified NOTA-Nb119 and NOTA-BCⅡ10. The NOTA-Nb119 and NOTA-BCⅡ10 were further incubated with 68Ga. Finally, NOTA-Nb119 was identified by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF methods, and the radiochemical purity was detected by radio-HPLC. 【Results】 The results of SDS-PAGE showed that the lanes of the successfully labeled NOTA-Nb119 had apparent hysteresis than the unlabeled nanobody band, which proved that the molecular weight of the labeled product was increased and NOTA successfully modified the nanobody. Subsequently, 68Ga nuclides could successfully label Nb119 and BCⅡ10. According to radio-HPLC detection, the radiochemical purity of NOTA-Nb119 and NOTA-BCⅡ10 labeled with 68Ga was greater than 90% and remained stable. 【Conclusion】 68Ga-labeled nanobodies have high radiochemical purity and high stability, indicating that this study can be applied to other nanobodies for modification and labeling and provides a practical and feasible method for the preparation of PET using nanobodies.

Consideraciones legales sobre las notas de evolución en odontología / Legal considerations on medical charts in dentistry

El expediente clínico es considerado un documento de importancia médica y legal en donde se integran los datos necesarios para registrar el diagnóstico y los tratamientos realizados en cada paciente. Uno de los elementos más importantes dentro del expediente clínico son las notas de evolución, documentos con los que el odontólogo informa sobre el estado general del paciente y los tratamientos realizados cita tras cita. Existen legislaciones específicas en México que orientan al estomatólogo sobre los componentes mínimos necesarios que una nota de evolución debe tener; sin embargo, una de las omisiones más comunes de los odontólogos es que, por desconocimiento, no se dé la debida importancia a la elaboración de una adecuada nota de evolución, aumentando el riesgo de problemas legales. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la importancia de las notas de evolución dentro del expediente clínico, destacando su importancia clínica y legal (AU)

The clinical file is considered a document of medical and legal importance where the data necessary to record the diagnosis and the treatments performed on each patient are integrated. One of the most important elements within the clinical records are the medical charts, documents through which de dentist reports on the general condition of the patient and the treatments performed appointment after appointment. There are specific laws in Mexico that guide the stomatologist on the minimum necessary components that a medical chart must have, however, one of the most common omissions of dentist is that, due to ignorance, due importance is not given to the preparation of an adequate medical chart, increasing the risk of legal problems. The aim of this article is to analyze the importance of the evolution charts within the clinical records, highlighting their clinical and legal importance (AU)

NOTA TÉCNICA ­ SUPES/SES-RJ Nº 01/2021 / TECHNICAL NOTE - SUPES/SES-RJ No. 01/2021

A presente Nota Técnica tem como objetivo a orientação das atividades desenvolvidas pela Comunidade acadêmica e científica, órgãos e entidades no âmbito da SES-RJ.

Nota técnica nº 01/2020. Orientações sobre o novo coronavírus (Covid-19) / Technical note No. 01/2020. Guidelines on the new coronavirus (Covid-19)

Cofen publica, em 14/2/2010, Nota Técnica sobre o novo coronavírus para orientar os profissionais de Enfermagem antes do primeiro caso no país. (AU)

Cofen publishes, on 2/14/2010, Technical Note on the new coronavirus to guide Nursing professionals before the first case in the country. (AU)

Cofen publica, el 14/02/2010, una Nota técnica sobre el nuevo coronavirus para guiar a los profesionales de enfermería antes del primer caso en el país. (AU)

Efeitos do programa de Nota Fiscal eletrônica sobre o aumento da arrecadação do Estado / Efectos del programa de la Factura Electrónica sobre el aumento de la recaudación en el estado / Effects of the electronic invoice program on the increase of state collection

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é verificar se a implantação do programa de Nota Fiscal eletrônica (NF-e) gerou como consequência algum incremento na arrecadação do Estado de Goiás. Para tanto, utilizaram-se testes de médias e estimação de regressões difference-in-differences. Os resultados indicaram que a média de arrecadação no Estado de Goiás é estatisticamente superior no período posterior à implantação da NF-e e que o aumento da arrecadação das empresas obrigadas a emitir NF-e foi maior do que o daquelas que não são obrigadas. Assim, apesar do foco principal da NF-e não ser o aumento da arrecadação, pode-se observar que a institucionalização de um programa para padronização e compartilhamento dos documentos fiscais incluiu melhorias nos processos de fiscalização da administração tributária, aumentando a arrecadação do Estado por meio da redução da inadimplência.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es verificar si la implementación del programa de Factura Electrónica (NF-e, por sus siglas en portugués) generó, como consecuencia, algún aumento en la recaudación en el estado de Goiás. Para la investigación, se utilizaron pruebas de promedios y estimación de regresiones de diferencia en diferencias (difference-in-differences). Los resultados indicaron que el promedio de recaudación en el estado de Goiás es estadísticamente superior en el período posterior a la implantación de la NF-e y el aumento de la recaudación de las empresas obligadas a emitir NF-e fue mayor que el de las que no son obligadas. Así, aunque el enfoque principal de la NF-e no es el aumento de la recaudación de impuestos, se puede observar que la institucionalización de un programa de estandarización y compartición de documentos fiscales incluyó mejoras en los procesos de fiscalización de la administración tributaria, aumentando la recaudación de impuestos del Estado a través de la reducción de la morosidad fiscal.

Abstract This article aims to verify if the implementation of the Electronic Invoice program (EI), generated an increase in the collection in the state of Goiás, Brazil. For the research, means test analysis (t-test) was used along with the estimation of regressions difference-in-differences. The results indicated that the average collection in the state of Goiás was statistically higher in the period after the implementation of EI and that the increase in the collection from companies required to issue EI was superior to the collection from those not required to during the period of investigation. Therefore, although the main focus of EI is not the increase in tax collection, it can be observed that the institutionalization of a program of standardization and sharing of fiscal documents included improvements in the inspection processes of the tax administration, increasing the collection of state taxes through the reduction of tax default.

Direct Intraoperative Reduction of Basilar Invagination Associated with Atlantoaxial Subluxation ­ Technical Note

In the present article, we describe a technique of direct intraoperative reduction of congenital atlantoaxial subluxation associated with severe basilar invagination and atlas assimilation. It consists of a wide dissection of the craniovertebral junction, exposing the region between the superior facet of C2 and the occiput (described as a "pseudoarticulation" by some authors). After exposure, a self-rotating small dissector or Kobe is used bilaterally, pushing C2 anteriorly and inferiorly, with reduction of the dislocation, followed by craniovertebral fixation. The technique is safe and eliminates the need for an anterior approach to the odontoid reduction, as well as the need to dissect the C1­2 joint.

Neste artigo, descrevemos a técnica de redução intraoperatória direta de subluxação atlantoaxial congênita associada a invaginação basilar grave e assimilação do atlas. Ela consiste em ampla dissecção da junção craniovertebral, expondo a região entre a face superior da C2 e o osso occipital (descrita como uma "pseudoarticulação" por alguns autores). Após exposição, um descolador pequeno ou Kobe é usado bilateralmente com rotação própria, deslocando C2 anterior e inferiormente, com redução da luxação, seguido de fixação craniovertebral. A técnica é segura e elimina a necessidade de uma abordagem anterior para a ressecção do odontoide, além de evitar a dissecação da junta C1­C2.

The Corneomandibular Reflex and the race of the reflexes: Clinical and Historical Aspects

The corneomandibular reflex was first described in 1902 by German doctor Von Sölder, who reported the presence of the reflex in patients and in the general population. For him, the corneomandibular reflex represented an exaggeration of the normal response. This was one of the more than 250 reflexes described in the beginning of the 20th century, during the so called "race of the reflexes".

O reflexo córneo-mandibular foi descrito pela primeira vez em 1902 pelo alemão Von Sölder, que relatou a presença de reflexos em pacientes e indivíduos normais. Segundo ele, o reflexo córneo-mandibular representa um exagero da resposta convencional. Este é um dos mais de 250 reflexos descritos no início do século XX, durante a chamada "corrida dos reflexos".

Estratégia multimodal, observação para promoção: revisão integrativa / Multimodal strategy, observation for promotion: an integrative review

O estudo objetivou evidenciar a influencia da utilização da observação na estratégia multimodal para promoção da higienização das mãos. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, para responder a seguinte questão: Qual a influência da observação na melhoria da adesão à higienização das mãos? O estudo foi realizado em abril de 2016, O critério de inclusão os artigos na íntegra nos idiomas inglês, português ou espanhol nas bases dado MEDLlNE, LlLACS, PUBMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL e portal BVS e CAPES com seleção de 16 artigos, entre 2010 e 2015. Foram excluídos os artigos repetidos e que não utilizavam a observação como estratégia para melhoria da higienização das mãos .. Resultados: A utilização da observação como ferramenta da estratégia multimodal para promoção da higienização das mãos direciona as intervenções junto aos profissionais de acordo com as necessidades no ponto de assistência. Conclusão: A aplicação ,/ de ferramentas como um roteiro de observação e formulário de observação em conjunto com as tecnologias e ações educativas podem influenciar diretamente na escolha de estratégias que visa melhoria da adesão dos profissionais de saúde à higienização das mãos...

The study aim to highlight the influence of the use of the observation in multimodal strategy for promotion of hand hygiene. It was performed an integrative review, to answer the following question: What is the influence of the observation in improving adherence to hand hygiene? The study was carried out in April 2016, the inclusion criteria articles in full in english, portuguese or spanish in the bases given MEDLlNE, LlLACS, PUBMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL and VHL portal and CAPES with selection of 16 articles. between 2010 and 2015. We excluded articles repeated and who did not use the note as a strategy for improving hand hygiene. Results: The use of observation as a tool of multimodal strategy for promotion of hand hygiene directs the interventions with the professionals in accordance with the needs at the point of care. Conclusion: the application of tools like a roadmap of observation and form for observation in conjunction with the technologies and educational actions can directly influence the choice of strategies aimed at improving the adherence of health professionals to hand hygiene...

El objetivo del estudio para resaltar la influencia de la utilización de la observación en la estrategia rnultimodal para la promoción de la higiene de las manos. Se realizó una revisión integradora, que conteste a la siguiente pregunta: Cuál es la influencia de la observación en la mejora de la adherencia a la higiene de las manos? El estudio se llevó a cabo en abril de 2016, los criterios de inclusión de artículos en inglés, portugués o espanol dadas en las bases MEDLlNE, LlLACS, PUBMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL Y BVS portal y CAPES con selección de 16 artículos, entre 2010 Y 2015. Se excluyeron los artículos repetidos y que no utilice la nota como una estrategia para mejorar la higiene de las manos. Resultados: El uso de la observación como una herramienta de estrategia multimodal para la promoción de la higiene de manos dirige las intervenciones con los profesionales de acuerdo con las necesidades en el punto de cuidados. Conclusión: la aplicación de herramientas como una guía de observación y formar para la observación en conjunción con las tecnologías y acciones educativas pueden influir directamente en la elección de las estrategias encaminadas a mejorar la adherencia de los profesionales de la salud para la higiene de las manos...

Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of 18F-AIF-NOTA-G-TMTP1 for PET imaging on nude mice bearing high-metastatic potential hepatoma cells / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To synthesize 18F-AlF-NOTA-G-TMTP1 and evaluate its potential for PET imaging on nude mice bearing high-metastatic potential hepatoma cells.Methods NOTA-G-TMTP1 was synthesized by the standard Fmoc-solid phase synthetic protocols and radiolabeled with 18F using NOTA-AlF chelation method.The nude mice models bearing low-metastatic potential HCC97L and high-metastatic potential HCCLM3 xenografts were established separately.The tumor-targeting characteristics of 18F-AlF-NOTA-G-TMTP1 were assessed by microPET/CT and biodistribution assay.Results NOTA-G-TMTP1 was labeled with 18F in one step with (25±6)％ labeling yield (n=5).The radiochemical purity of 18F-AlF-NOTA-G-TMTP1 was more than 95％ with a specific activity more than 11.1 GBq/μmol.The octanol/water partition coefficient (logP) for 18F-AlF-NOTA-G-TMTP1 was-3.166±0.022.The tumor to muscle ratios were 1.8± 0.4 and 4.7±0.2 at 35 min post injection for HCC97L and HCCLM3,respectively.The uptake of 18F-AlF-NOTA-G-TMTP1 in HCCLM3 tumor was inhibited (61.4％) by unlabeled G-TMTP1.Conclusion 18F-AlF-NOTA-G-TMTP1 has been successfully synthesized.It shows specific uptake by tumor induced by the high-metastatic potential hepatoma cells.

Don Oscar (Del) Pino Galarza y la Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría: recordando a nuestro orfebre / Don Oscar (Del) Pino Galarza and The Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría: Remembering our goldsmith

Tributo in memoriam a Don Oscar Pino Galarza (1926-2014), secretario y asistente administrativo de la Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría por espacio de más de sesenta años, colaborador cercano de los Profesores Honorio Delgado, primero, y Javier Mariátegui, después. Luego de breves anotaciones biográficas, obtenidas mediante una entrevista con la esposa e hijos de Don Oscar, se describen rasgos fundamentales de su personalidad y su trabajo. En la Revista, su labor fue multidimensional al haber estado envuelto en tareas secretariales, administrativas, logísticas y editoriales que desempeñó con singular eficiencia, devoción, lealtad y modestia. Estas cualidades y su nobleza espiritual fueron evidentes en momentos decisivos de la trayectoria académica y editorial de los dos primeros Directores de nuestra publicación. Se reconocen así la vida y la obra de un auténtico orfebre, de alguien que reflejó lo mejor y más alto de una genuina calidad humana, más allá de orígenes sociales, documentos burocráticos o formalidades institucionales.

A tribute to Don Oscar Pino Galarza (1926-2014), secretary and administrative assistant of the Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría for over 60 years, closely working with Professors Honorio Delgado, first, and Javier Mariátegui, later. After brief biographic notes obtained from an interview with Don Oscar’s wife and children, fundamental features of his personality and his work are described. At the Revista, his activity was multidimensional as he was involved in secretarial, administrative, logistic and editorial tasks which he conducted with unique efficiency, devotion, loyalty and modesty. These qualities and his spiritual nobility were evident during decisive moments in the academic and editorial careers of the first two Directors of our journal. Thus, due recognition is given to life and the work of a genuine goldsmith, one who reflected the best and the highest of a true human quality, beyond social origins, bureaucratic documents or institutional formalities.

Mind map teaching of gross anatomy is sex dependent / Mapa conceptual en la enseñanza de la anatomía macroscópica es dependiente del sexo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of using Mind Maps in teaching anatomy and compare it with traditional based slide. This cross-sectional research was carried out in 2009 on 79 second year medical undergraduate students at Ahvaz Jondishapour University of Medical sciences. Four class lectures on the topics of head and neck osteology were taught. The lectures were slide based designed that were chosen from the chapters in the anatomy textbooks and presented by means of a video projection power point system. The students divided randomly into two groups; one group educated by traditional slides while the other by mind map based designed ones. At the end of the term, a multiple-choice involved forty test was undertaken from two groups. The data was investigated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired T test (p<0.05). The mean scores of females in mind map group were higher than that for traditional one (p<0.04), while there were no significant differences in the mean scores of the men of two groups. The mean scores of females were significantly higher than the males in mind map group (p<0.02) and although the mean scores of females in traditional group was higher it was not significant. This paper has shown the efficacy of using mind maps for teaching gross anatomy as a study aid, even when use has been limited to a single exposure. The study found sex-dependent of learning, suggesting that sex may determine the optimal neural network for designing teaching protocols. Indeed, for females, that have obtained better scores, the use of bilateral neural network seems to facilitate the learning process by mind map teaching of anatomy.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la efectividad del uso de mapas conceptuales en la enseñanza de la anatomía y compararla con la tradicional basada en diapositivas. Esta investigación de corte transversal se llevó a cabo en el año 2009 en 79 estudiantes de pregrado del Segundo Año de Medicina en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Ahvaz Jondishapour. Fueron analizadas cuatro clases conferenciales en los temas de cabeza y cuello óseo. Las conferencias diseñadas se basaron en el uso de diapositivas las que fueron seleccionadas desde los capítulos de libros de Anatomía y se presentaron por medio de proyección de videos utilizando el sistema power point. Los estudiantes fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos: un grupo educado por diapositivas tradicionales mientras que el otro se basó en el diseño de mapas mentales. Al final del ciclo de conferencias, una prueba de opción múltiple de cuarenta preguntas se aplicó en ambos grupos. Los datos fueron investigados mediante el análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y prueba de la t de Student (p<0,05). Las puntuaciones medias de las mujeres en el grupo de mapa mental fueron mayores que las del grupo diapositivas (p<0,04), mientras que no hubo diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones medias de los hombres de ambos grupos. Las puntuaciones medias de las mujeres fueron significativamente mayores que los hombres en el grupo de mapa mental (p <0,02) y aunque las puntuaciones medias de las mujeres en el grupo diapositivas fue más alto, no fue estadísticamente significativo. En este trabajo se ha demostrado la eficacia del uso de mapas mentales para la enseñanza de anatomía como una ayuda al estudio, incluso cuando el uso se ha limitado a una sola exposición. El estudio encontró que el aprendizaje depende del sexo, lo que sugiere que el sexo puede determinar una red neuronal para el diseño de protocolos óptimos de enseñanza. En efecto, para las mujeres, que tienen mejores calificaciones, el uso de redes neuronales bi...

Aproximación a un estudio genealógico de la evaluación en Colombia, siglo XX / Aproximação a um estudo genealógico da avaliação na Colômbia, século XX / Approach to a genealogical study of evaluation in Colombia, XX century

Tres problematizaciones articulan la pesquisa: Describir las formas como la evaluación ha signado este lapso de la historia de la educación colombiana (mediante el análisis de las condiciones que permitieron la conformación y consolidación de un saber con pretensiones de autonomía). Rastrear la génesis de los acontecimientos que han posibilitado su emergencia, instalación y operación mediante determinadas prácticas de poder; esta intencionalidad implicó el análisis de los regímenes que han permitido su instalación, su normalización, su permanente presencia; y la especificación de los modos de accionar en los marcos de las denominadas sociedades disciplinaria y de control. Identificar las modalidades de sujetos que produce y gestiona, en razón al establecimiento y a la legitimación de relaciones objetivas-subjetivas, intersubjetivas e interinstitucionales.

Três problematizações articulam esta pesquisa: Descrever as maneiras como a avaliação tem definido este lapso da história da educação colombiana (mediante a analise das condições que permitiram a conformação e a consolidação de um saber com pretensões de autonomia). Seguir a gênese dos acontecimentos que têm possibilitado sua emergência, instalação e consolidação mediante determinadas práticas de poder. Esta intencionalidade implicou a analise dos regimes que têm permitido sua instalação, normalização e sua presencia permanente, como também a especificação dos modos de acionar nas perspectivas das denominadas sociedades disciplinaria e de controle. Identificar as modalidades dos sujeitos que produze e providencia, com referência ao estabelecimento e à legitimação de relações objetivas-subjetivas, intersubjetivas e interinstitucionais.

Three problematizations are considered in this research: to describe the ways how evaluation has characterized this lapse in the history of Colombian education (by means of the analysis of the conditions that allowed the conformation and consolidation of knowledge with autonomy pretensions). To trace the genesis of the events that have made possible its emergence, installation and operation through various power practices; this intentionality implied the analysis of the regimes that have facilitated its installation, normalization and its permanent presence, and the specification of the action modes from the perspective of the so-called disciplinary and control societies. Finally, to identify the modality of the subjects produced and managed by education, with reference to the establishment and legitimization of objective-subjective, inter-subjective and inter-institutional relations.

Radiolabeling of NOTA and DOTA with Positron Emitting 68Ga and Investigation of In Vitro Properties / 핵의학분자영상

PURPOSE: We established radiolabeling conditions of NOTA and DOTA with a generator-produced PET radionuclide 68Ga and studied in vitro characteristics such as stability, serum protein binding, octanol/water distribution, and interference with other metal ions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Various concentrations of NOTA.3HCl and DOTA.4HCl were labeled with 1 mL 68GaCl3 (0.18~5.75 mCi in 0.1 M HCl) in various pH. NOTA.3HCl (0.373 mM) was labeled with 68GaCl3 (0.183~0.232 mCi/0.1 M HCl 1.0 mL) in the presense of CuCl2, FeCl2, InCl3, FeCl3, GaCl3, MgCl2 or CaCl2 (0~6.07 mM) at room temperature. The labeling efficiencies of 68Ga-NOTA and 68Ga-DOTA were checked by ITLC-SG using acetone or saline as mobile phase. Stabilities, protein bindings, and octanol distribution coefficients of the labeled compounds also were investigated. RESULTS: 68Ga-NOTA and 68Ga-DOTA were labeled optimally at pH 6.5 and pH 3.5, respectively, and the chelates were stable for 4 hr either in the reaction mixture at room temperature or in the human serum at 37 degreesC. NOTA was labeled at room temperature while DOTA required heating for labeling. 68Ga-NOTA labeling efficiency was reduced by CuCl2, FeCl2, InCl2, FeCl3 or GaCl3, however, was not influenced by MgCl2 or CaCl2. The protein binding was low (2.04~3.32%). Log P value of 68Ga-NOTA was -3.07 indicating high hydrophilicity. CONCLUSION: We found that NOTA is a better bifunctional chelating agent than DOTA for 68Ga labeling. Although, 68Ga-NOTA labeling is interfered by various metal ions, it shows high stability and low serum protein binding.

Quem estudou no Testut / Who studied using the Testut

Os autores revisaram a história de Jean Léo Testut, anatomista francês com grande contribuição ao estudo da anatomia.

The authors reviewed the history of Jean Léo Testut, the french anatomist with great contribution to anatomy study.

Estudio comparativo del rendimiento de diferentes cohortes evaluando si han ingresado con o sin módulo de admisibilidad / Comparative study of the performance of different cohorts evaluating whether they have entered university with or without admissibility course

Antecedentes: En el presente trabajo se analizó el rendimiento global de diferentes cohortes con los mismos años de egreso, diferenciándose según hayan tenido o no Curso de Admisibilidad a la Carrera de Medicina. Objetivo: Evaluar que mediante el Examen de Ingreso, mejoran notablemente las dos variables estudiadas: Nota promedio de la carrera y Duración de la misma. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron los egresos correspondientes a los años 1999-2003 diferenciando aquellos alumnos ingresados antes del año 1991, sin Examen de Ingreso y aquellos que lo hicieron a partir del año 1992 con Examen de Ingreso con los mismos años de egreso. Resultados: Analizando los años de egreso correspondientes a los períodos 1999 a 2003 para aquellos alumnos ingresantes en el año 1991 y anteriores (sin selección de ingreso), encontramos que la nota promedio de la carrera con aplazos es de 5,64, Si este mismo análisis lo realizamos para aquellos alumnos ingresantes en el año 1992, que comienza el Módulo de Admisibilidad a la Carrera, y posteriores con los mismos años de egreso, encontramos que la nota promedio con aplazos es de 7,09. En los alumnos ingresantes en el año 1991 y anteriores, el promedio de duración de la carrera es de 13,22 años. Para los ingresantes en el año 1992 y posteriores este valor desciende a 7,95 años. Conclusiones: Podemos decir que tanto en las notas promedio de los exámenes finales para cada materia de la carrera como así también la permanencia de los alumnos en las cursadas mejora significativamente cuando han realizado el Módulo de Admisibilidad.

Background: The present paper analyses the overall performance of different cohorts which graduated the same year, taking into account whether or not they had an admissibility course to the School of Medicine. Objective: To evaluate that with the implementation of the entrance exam, the following two variables improved considerably: average mark during the course of studies and duration of the course of studies. Materials and Methods: The graduation rates corresponding to the years 1999-2003 were analyzed, differentiating those students entering university before the year 1991 - without entrance exam - and those entering it as from 1992 - with entrance exam. Results: Analyzing the graduation years corresponding to the periods 1999-2003 for those students who entered university in the year 1991 and the previous years (without entrance selection) we have found that the average mark during the course of studies (including failed exams) is 5,64. If we apply the same ana1ysis to those students who entered university in the year 1992 - when the Admissibility Course to the Course of Studies begins - and the following years, and with the same years of graduation, we found that the average mark (including failed exams) is 7,09. In the case of the students entering university in the year 1991 and the previous years, the duration of the course of studies is 13, 22 years. In the case of the students entering university in the years 1992 and the following years this figure goes down to 7, 95 years. Conclusions: We can say that both the average marks in the final exams of each subject in the course of studies and the attendance to classes improves considerably when the admissibility course has been attended.