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Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and diagnosis of malaria cases in Nantong City from 2015 to 2020, so as to provide insights into the prevention of re-establishment of imported malaria and consolidation of malaria elimination achievements in the city. Methods The epidemic data of malaria in Nantong City from 2015 to 2020 were captured from the National Notifiable Disease Report System, the Information Management System for Parasitic Disease Control and individual epidemiological survey reports of malaria cases. The malaria parasite species, source of infections, population distribution, temporal distribution, spatial distribution and diagnosis of imported malaria cases were descriptively and statistically analyzed. Results A total of 241 malaria cases were reported in Nantong City from 2015 to 2020, and all were overseas imported cases, including 191 cases with Plasmodium falciparum malaria (79.25%), 8 cases with P. vivax malaria (3.32%), 33 cases with P. ovale malaria (13.69%) and 9 cases with P. malaria malaria (3.73%). Overseas imported malaria cases acquired infections from 34 countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and 97.93% of the cases were infected in Africa, and 90.04% (217/241) were reported in Chongchuan District, Hai’an City and Haimen District. Imported malaria cases were aged from 20 to 68 years, and a median age of 45 (13) years, and 97.10% were male. The median duration between returning to China and malaria onset was 7 (9) days among all imported malaria cases, and the median duration from initial diagnosis to definitive diagnosis was 2 (2) days. There were 167 cases that were initially diagnosed as malaria, with a correct rate of 69.29%, and 53.53 (129/241) of malaria cases were diagnosed at city-level medical institutions and 41.49% (100/241) at county-level medical institutions. In addition, the proportion of malaria cases reported by city-level medical institutions increased from 39.62% in 2015 to 81.25% in 2020 (χ2 = 6.94, P < 0.01). Conclusions The accuracy of initial malaria diagnosis requires to be improved in Nantong City. Malaria control knowledge should be specially given to migrant workers to shorten the duration of seeking medical care, and malaria training requires to be intensified among healthcare professionals to improve the diagnostic capability of imported malaria cases and the cure of severe P. falciparum malaria cases.
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OBJECTIVE： To study the development status of TCM enterprises of Nantong city and provide suggestions， and to promote the sustainable development of TCM enterprises of Nantong city. METHODS： Taking Nantong city as an example， questionnaires were issued to 15 TCM enterprises in Nantong （including 4 TCM decoction piece enterprises， 11 TCM pharmaceutical preparation enterprises）. The statistical analysis was carried out in respects of scale structure， development （including economic development and staff） and development potential （by enterprise R&D funds and R&D personnel input intensity） of enterprises during 2013-2017. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： In terms of the scale and structure of the enterprise， there were no large-scale enterprises in Nantong city， only 3 medium-sized enterprises， 12 small enterprises； the overall scale of enterprises was small； the overall concentration of TCM enterprises was not high， in which the market structure of TCM decoction piece enterprises was oligopolistic， and the structure of preparation enterprises was competitive. The concentration of TCM decoction enterprises was higher than that of TCM preparation enterprises. In terms of economic development， the annual average GDP and profit growth rate are 14.98％ and 19.09％ from 2014 to 2017； the economic development situation was good， but the brand variety advantage was not developed fully. In terms of staff， employee’s education level was mainly college degree （34.01％） and the staff category was mainly salesperson （32.73％）. In terms of the company’s development potential， enterprise R&D funds and R&D personnel input intensity were in low levels （average 2.96％， 11.32％ in 5 years）， the number of patents （16 in 2013 vs. 17 in 2017） and innovative products （7 in 2013 vs. 12 in 2017） increases slowly， and only one had opened up overseas markets. In response to the issues， TCM enterprises of Nantong city or other areas should merge and reorganize appropriately to expand the scale of the industry and improve the market concentration； increase research funds and talented personnel investment， insist the protection and in novation of TCM. In addition， build a big data “healthy cloud” platform to break the traditional industrial chain； at the same time， seize the “Belt and Road” policy finance and taxation opportunities to promote overseas and develop markets to promote the sustainable development of TCM enterprise.
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Objective To retrospectively analyze the epidemic situation and diagnosis and treatment of severe falciparum malaria in Nantong City, summarize the causes of severe falciparum malaria, and evaluate the effect of diagnosis and treatment, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the practical treatment measures for this disease. Methods All the data of falciparum malaria cases in Nantong City from 2009 to 2016 were collected and analyzed for the onset time, diagnosis process and treatment of the disease. Results A total of 359 malaria cases, including 289 falciparum malaria cases, were reported in Nantong City from 2009 to 2016, including 26 severe falciparum malaria cases. All the severe falciparum malaria cases were imported from Africa, including 57.70% of cases (15/26) from Angola. All of them were male labor exporting personnel. The incidence of malaria was not obviously seasonal. The average time from onset to definite diagnosis was 5.2 days, and 11 cases were diagnosed 5 days after the onset. All the 26 cases were cured by anti-malaria treatment and symptomatic treatment, and there was no death. Conclusions Severe falciparum malaria seriously harm the people’s health and its clinical manifestations are complicated. Therefore, the training of medical staff and health education in residents, especially in labor exporting personnel, should be further strengthened.
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Objective To retrospectively analyze the epidemic situation and diagnosis and treatment of severe falciparum malaria in Nantong City, summarize the causes of severe falciparum malaria, and evaluate the effect of diagnosis and treatment, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the practical treatment measures for this disease. Methods All the data of falciparum malaria cases in Nantong City from 2009 to 2016 were collected and analyzed for the onset time, diagnosis process and treatment of the disease. Results A total of 359 malaria cases, including 289 falciparum malaria cases, were reported in Nantong City from 2009 to 2016, including 26 severe falciparum malaria cases. All the severe falciparum malaria cases were imported from Africa, including 57.70% of cases (15/26) from Angola. All of them were male labor exporting personnel. The incidence of malaria was not obviously seasonal. The average time from onset to definite diagnosis was 5.2 days, and 11 cases were diagnosed 5 days after the onset. All the 26 cases were cured by anti-malaria treatment and symptomatic treatment, and there was no death. Conclusions Severe falciparum malaria seriously harm the people’s health and its clinical manifestations are complicated. Therefore, the training of medical staff and health education in residents, especially in labor exporting personnel, should be further strengthened.
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Objective To understand the quality of malaria blood examinations in township?level hospitals,so as to provide the evidence for continuing the malaria blood examinations in the stage of post?malaria elimination. Methods A total of 64 township hospitals were investigated and 640 negative malaria blood slides were scored individually according to 10 indicators inMalaria Elimination Technical Schemein 2013 and 2014. The single and multiple indicators were calculated,and the work of blood examinations and situation of technicians were investigated. The data of malaria blood examinations and patient discovery in township hospitals of Nantong City were collected and analyzedduring the period of 2011-2014. Results Forthe single indi?cator,29.5%of the thick blood films did not reach the standard,and 35.8%of thin blood films did not reach the standard. For the multiple indicators,blood slides with more than 4 indicators below the standard(poor quality)accounted for 32.5%. From ma?laria blood examinations and malaria situation,the number of slides was 194 635 during the period of 2011-2014,and there were no local vivax malaria casesin 4consecutive years from 2011 to 2014,andlocal malaria has been effectively controlled in Nantong City. For health facilities where malaria patients initially presented,the township and village level accounted for 16.3%,and county and higher level accounted for 83.7%. Conclusions The quality of malaria blood examinations in township level hospitals of Nantong City is not high and the microscopic examination has a relatively low efficiency in the discovery of ma?laria cases. A new model for malaria blood examinations needs to be further explored.
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Objective To analyze the epidemic status and progress of malaria elimination in Nantong City,so as to provide evidences for adjusting the control measures and guiding the work of malaria elimination. Methods The data about the epidem?ic situation of malaria and malaria elimination in Nantong City from 2008 to 2014 were collected and analyzed by the method of descriptive epidemiology. Results From 2008 to 2014,a total of 305 malaria cases were reported in Nantong City,with an an?nual average incidence of 0.57/100 000. Among all the cases,26(8.52%)were local tertian malaria cases and 279(91.48%) were imported cases;276 cases(90.49%)were male and most of them were young adults,and those aged in 20-59 accounted for 91.48%(279/305). There were cases reported in each month,with no obvious seasonality. The imported cases were mainly distributed in Hai’an County(80 cases),Haimen City(71 cases)and Tongzhou District(41 cases),and the total percentage of them was 68.82%among all the imported malaria cases in Nantong City. There were no local malaria cases reported in Nan?tong City since 2011. Qidong City,Rudong County,Chongchuan District,Development Zone and Gangzha District have reached the criteria of malaria elimination in Jiangsu Province. Conclusions From 2008 to 2014,the malaria cases in Nantong City are mainly imported cases,the number of local cases has decreased significantly,and there has been no local infected cas?es reported in the continuous 4 years of 2011-2014. Totally 5 counties(cities,districts)among the 9 have reached the criteria of malaria elimination in Jiangsu City. In the future,the control of imported malaria should still be strengthened,and the work of malaria elimination should still be promoted.
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The malaria annual reports, epidemic situation reports, case investigation reports and blood examination data for febrile patients from 2003 to 2007 in Nantong City were analysed, so as to provide the scientific evidence for the measures of malaria control. The results suggested that mobile population was the key point of malaria control in Nantong City, and the main control measures should put emphasis on epidemic situation supervision of mobile population and surveillance on febrile patients.