Effects of angelica naphtha on the withdrawal signs and norepinephrine release in morphine-dependent rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the effects of angelica naphtha on the withdrawal signs and norepinephrine neurotransmitter in uorphine-dependent rats.Methods 72 SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,clonidine group and three angelica naphtha groups (80,40 and 20 mg/kg).Rats were received gradualy increasing doses of morphine to produce physical dependence.Withdrawal symptoms were evaluated by Ryuta Tomoji score.The level of norepinephrine and normetanephrine(NMN) were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The scores of withdrawal signs were (4.00± 3.29),(30.13±4.41),(18.96± 4.43),26.04±4.13),(22.33±4.60) and (19.00±3.47),respectively.The morphine withdrawal signs were reduced by angelica naphtha in a dose-dependent manner(P＜0.01),also significantly reduced the level of NE and NMN and the ratio of NMN/NE in the nucleus ceruleus and prefrontal cortex(all P＜0.01).Conclusion Angelica naphtha alleviates the withdrawal synlptons in morphine-dependent rats,which may be related to the inhibition of excessive turnover of norepinephrine neurotransmitters in the nucleus ceruleus and prefrontal cortex.

A Case of Chlorfluazuron Insectisides Poisoning with Mental Change

Benzoylureas are chemical compounds best known for their use as insecticides. Diflubenzuron is one of the more commonly used benzoylurea pesticides. Others include chlorfluazuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, and triflumuron. They act as insect growth regulators by inhibiting synthesis of chitin in the body of the insect. They have low toxicity in mammals because mammals have no chitin. Chlorfluazuron insecticides, which are mixed with solvent naphatha, are commonly used. Thus we assume that in the presented case mental change outcome of poisoning was connected with toxic effects of solvent naphtha rather than with chlorfluazuron action. Components of solvent naphtha, particularly trimethylbenzenes, exert strong irritant action on the gastric mucosa and are very well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. We report on a 67-year-old man with stuporous mentality after intentional ingestion of approximately 200 ml of liquid chlorfluazuron in a suicide attempt. He was discharged after conservative treatments including gastric irrigation, charcoal, mechanical ventilation, hydration, and antibiotics for aspiration pneumonia without complications.

Volatile Constituents of Folium Artemisiae Argyi of Different Sources / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To compare the volatile constituents of folium artemisiae argyi in order to provide chemical evidence for quality standardization. Methods: Volatile oil was extracted from folium artemisiae argyi from five sources by vapour distillation and then detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) to identify and semi-quantify its chemical constituents. Results: The folium artemisiae argyi in Qichun (Hubei Province) and Anguo (Hebei Province) contained many volatile constituents, with uniform and stable contents of these volatile constituents. Conclusion: The types and contents of volatile oil of folium artemisiae argyi are varied in different sources.

COMPORTAMIENTO DEL CATALIZADOR CoMo/[1]-Al2O3 MODIFICADO CON BORO Y POTASIO EN LAS REACCIONES SIMULTÁNEAS DE HIDROGENACIÓN DE OLEFINAS E HIDRODESULFURACIÓN DE 2-METILTIOFENO / THE PERFORMANCE OF CoMo/[1]-Al2O3 CATALYST MODIFIED WITH BORON AND POTASSIUM IN SIMULTANEUOUS REACTIONS OF OLEFINS HYDROGENATION AND 2-METHYLTHIOPHENE HYDRODESULFURIZATION / COMPORTAMENTO DO CATALISADOR CoMo/[1]-Al2O3 MODIFICADO COM BORO E POTÁSSIO NAS REAÇÕES SIMULTÂNEAS DO HIDROGENAÇÃO DE OLEFINAS E HIDRODESULFONAÇÃO DO 2 METILTIOFENO

Las características ácido-base de la [1]-alúmina, soporte de catalizadores sulfurados CoMo/[1]-Al2O3, fueron modificadas por la adición de boro (2, 3, 5, y 8% B2O3) y potasio (1, 3 y 5%K). Estos catalizadores fueron ensayados en reacciones simultáneas de hidrogenación (HID) de olefinas (2,4,4 trimetil-1-penteno y 2,4,4 trimetil- 2-penteno; 3:1) e hidrodesulfuración (HDS) de 2-metiltiofeno, simulando el hidrotratamiento (HDT) de una nafta de craqueo o de FCC (Fluidized Catalytic Cracking). Los resultados mostraron que aunque los cambios inducidos en las características ácido-base del soporte de alúmina disminuyeron la actividad para la HID y la HDS de los catalizadores, también dieron lugar a cambios apreciables en la selectividad hacia la HDS de tiofenos relativa a la HID de olefinas, lo que los convierte en buenos candidatos para el HDT de la nafta de FCC. Por otro lado, el craqueo, la alquilación y la isomerización de metilos se favorecieron cuando se hicieron las modificaciones con B, lo mismo que la migración del doble enlace de las olefinas ramificadas cuando se hizo la modificación con K. Los resultados de este trabajo permiten concluir que la actividad y selectividad del catalizador CoMo/[1]-Al2O3 para la HDS de la nafta de FCC pueden ser controladas por una adecuada modificación de las propiedades ácido-base del soporte de alúmina mediante la adición de pequeñas cantidades de B y de K.

The acid-base characteristics of the [1]-alumina support of sulfide CoMo catalysts were modified by boron (2, 3, 5, y 8% B2O3) and potassium (1, 3 y 5% K) addition. The catalysts were tested in simultaneous olefins (2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene y 2,4,4 trimethyl-2-pentene) hydrogenation (HYD) and 2-methyl-thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reactions, simulating the hydrotreating (HDT) of FCC (Fluidized Catalytic Cracking) naphtha. Results show that acid-base changes induced by B and K addition lead to an activity decrease in both HYD and HDS reactions, but, by contrast, an interesting increase in selectivity toward HDS over olefins HYD was also observed. These characteristics make these modified catalysts good candidates to be used in the naphtha HDT process. On the other hand, addition of B promotes cracking and methyl isomerization reactions, while, modification with K favors the double bond migration in branched olefins. The results of this work allow us to conclude that the activity and selectivity of CoMo/[1]-alumina catalysts for the HDS of FCC naphtha can be controlled by a proper modification of the acid-base properties of the alumina support by the addition of small quantities of B and K.

As características ácido-base da [1]-alumina, suporte de catalisadores sulfurados CoMo/[1]-Al2O3, foram modificadas pela adição de boro (2, 3, 5 e 8% B203) e potássio (1, 3 e 5% K). Estes catalisadores foram ensaiados em reações simultâneas de hidrogenação (HID) de olefinas (2,4,4 trimetil- 1-penteno y 2,4,4 trimetil-2-penteno; 3:1) e hidrosulfuração (HDS) de 2-metiltiofeno, simulando o hidrotratamento (HDT) de uma nafta de craqueo ou de FCC (Fluidized Catalytic Cracking). Os resultados mostraram que embora as mudanças induzidas nas características ácido - base do suporte de alumina, diminuíram a atividade para a HIDe a HDS dos catalisadores, também deram lugar a mudanças apreciáveis na seletividade pela HDS de tiofenos relativa à HID de olefinas, o que os converte em bons candidatos para o HDT da nafta de FCC. Por outro lado, o craqueo, a alquilação e a isomerização de metilos foram favorecidos quando foram feitas as modificações com B, o mesmo que a migração do enlace duplo das olefinas ramificadas quando se fez amodificação com K. Os resultados deste trabalho permitem concluir que a atividade e seletividade do catalisador CoMo/[1]-Al2O3 para a HDS da nafta de FCC, pode ser controlada por uma adequada modificação das propriedades ácido-base do suporte de alumina perante a adição de pequenas quantidades de B e de K.

Solvent hazard in canvas-rubber shoe factories

1. This investigation has removed definitely our apprehension that gasoline and naphtha, which are potential hazards in the three convas-rubber shoe factories, might be a real danger. The highest concentration of gasoline vapor found was only 460 p.p.m, which is lower than the maximum allowable concentration-500 p.p.m2. The statistical analysis of the blood pressure by age group did not show any significant difference between the exposed and unexposed groups of workers, indicating no appreciable effects of the gasoline and naphtha vapors3. The symptoms found among the workers were also analyzed and were found to be not due to the solvent. There were, however, some individuals who showed more susceptibility or sensitiveness to gasoline vapor; and these individuals should be transferred to other departments of the factories free from such vapor4. The psychrometric findings showed that there is need of rearrangement of electric fans in one factory to promote air circulation, and opening of more windows in the two others to correct deficient temperature. Regarding Kata value (cooling power of air) and wind velocity in the different sections of the factories, the following standards are recommended: wind velocity of 50-100 feet per minute where there is no gasoline vapor; not less than 200 feet per minute where gasoline vapor is present; and Kata cooling power of not less than five where the temperature is more than 85 degrees F5. For preventive measures, it is recommended that exhaoust ventilation systems be provided in the vicinity of the canvas-rubber shoe making tables and in the rubber cement mixers. The factories should also be inspected at least twice a year to determine the concentration of solvent vapor in the different working areas. (Conclusions and recommendations)