Anthropometric Evaluation Of Nasal Height, Nasal Breadth And Nasal Index Among Bini Children In Southern Nigeria

Background and Objective: The nasal dimensions are important cephalometric parameters used in physicalanthropometry to distinguish different gender and groups of human population. It also used to categorize thehuman nasal morphology into five different morphological categories which include hyperleptorrhine, leptorrhine,mesorrhine, platyrrhine and hyperplatyrrhine. In this anthropometric study, the nasal morphologicalcharacteristics of the Bini children in Nigeria were evaluated and the prevalent nasal morphology of the studypopulation determined.Methodology: This study involved randomly selected 500 Bini children (comprising 250 males and 250 females)between ages 5-12 years. The nasal dimensions of each subject were measured between relevant anatomicallandmarks. These include the nasal height measured as distance between nasion and subnasale and the nasalbreadth measured as distance between the most lateral points of right and left ala of the nose using a slidingcaliper. The nasal index for each subject was calculated as nasal breadth divided by nasal height and expressedas percentage.Results: The mean nasal height for male and female Bini children was 4.58± 0.11 and 4.33 ± 0.10 while the meannasal breadth was 4.05 ± 0.12 and 3.88 ± 0.11 respectively. The mean nasal index for male subjects (90.25 ± 1.33)was also higher than for female subjects (88.65 ± 1.50). The morphological classification showed the platyrrhinenose type as the most prevalent among the male (70.0%) and female (68.0%) Bini children.Conclusion: The nasal dimensions and nasal index demonstrated prominent sexual dimorphism and the dominanceof platyrrhine nose type is the current trend in the nasal morphology of Bini children.

Study of Nasal Index in Different Zones of Jammu and Kashmir

The anthropometry of nose is an important index to identify a pure race from mixed races . Nasal index isa very sensitive index in nasal anthropometry, as it varies with sex, race and habitat of the person. Theanthropometry of face in general and nose in particular has been used in forensic investigations,reconstructive surgeries and genetic counselling. To study the nasal index in different zones of Jammu andKashmir. 120 students of first professional MBBS Government Medical College Jammu were used assubjects. All of them were in the age group of 18 to 22 years. The length and breadth of the nose wasmeasured by means of digital calliper and the nasal index was calculated using the formula NASAL. Theresults so obtained were tabulated and analysed. LTS. Sexual dimorphism was seen in all the recordedparameters. Anthropometric variation for nasal index is seen in different zones of Jammu and Kashmir.Mean nasal index was 65.98+9.36 for males and 72.15+11.30 for females. Most common type of nasalform in both males and females is leptorrhine or moderately narrow nose.Nasal index plays a significantrole in determining sex and race and so is helpful to forensic investigators .It is also useful for plasticsurgeons while performing rhinoplasty of a particular region as it shows ethnic specificity.

An Anthropometric Study Of Nasal Index With Its Clinical Correlation

Background: Nose is an important anatomical and physiological part of face. Its anatomy considerably affectsits function of inhalation and temperature regulation of inspired air. The anatomy is affected by genetic, racialas well as geographical factors. The aim of the study was to measure nasal height and width in the populationbeing studied so as to calculate nasal index and classify noses on the basis of calculated index.Materials and method: The study was conducted on 159 healthy volunteers aged 18-25 years in Medical CollegeBaroda, Gujarat. Nasal height and Nasal width were measured by digital vernier caliper and the nasal index wascalculated. The type of nose was determined on the basis of the nasal index.Results: In the present study the mean nasal index is found to be 73.28+10. Mean nasal index is observed as106.46+6.24 in males & 71.94+8.02 in females. The t test value calculated is 26.725 at CI 95% with P<0.0001showing highly significant difference in nasal indices of male and female. Mesorrhine is the commonest nasaltype found.Conclusion: The study will be highly useful to plastic surgeons, craniofacial surgeons, otolaryngologists,anatomists, forensic experts, orthodontists and medical illustrators alike.

Study of Nansal Index Among Students of Tertiary Medical Care Institute in Southern India.

Background: India is an ancient country having a diverse population group of various races, ethnic groups and tribes living in different climatic conditions. Nasal index is an ethnic sensitive anthropometric index which is used to classify race and sex of an individual. Aim: To study the Nasal index by using nasal parameters like Nasal height and Nasal width among students of South India and North India. Materials and Method: The study was done on medical students (male and female) aged between 18-23yrs of age after obtaining the necessary consent. Nasal height and nasal width were measured with the aid of sliding caliper. On the basis of nasal height and nasal width, nasal index was calculated and the data was analyzed statistically. Results: The present study revealed that majority of the Indian population (both South India and North India) belong to mesorrhinae type of nasal form followed by platyrrhinae and leptorrhinae. Conclusion: The majority of the Indian population belongs to mesorrhinae type of nasal form. The particular data will be of importance in forensic science, anthropology and rhinoplasty.

Comparative Study of Midline Nasal Ergonomics of North Indian Males.

In the 19th and early 20th century, nasal shape, size and nasal indices were the most commonly measurement to differentiate races. A detailed study has been carried out in a random sample of 180 males in age group 18-24 years to neglect the affect of facial parameters in subject above 18 years of age. The study is aimed to determine a set of comparative standard values of the form of the North Indian young male nose and of its relevance to forensic science and clinical anthropometry. A highly significant comparison was found in the nasal indices of two ethnic groups, in the present study. The data revealed that the M.P. male had leptorrhin nose while U.P. male had mesorrhin nose. Various other parameters were also compared in a sample of 90 Madhya Pradesh and 90 Uttar Pradesh males.

Anthropometric Study of Nasal Index of Egyptians.

Background: The nasal index determination is one of the most commonly used anthropometric parameters in classifying human races. There are few reports in medical literature concerning nasal index that specifically address particular Egyptian populations. The objective of this study was to determine the normal parameters of external nose (width, height and nasal index) in Egyptians. Methods: The study was conducted randomly on healthy Egyptian subjects of both sexes. Nasal height and width were measured using vernier caliper. Then, nasal index was determined for each subject. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: A total of 290 subjects, 144males and 146 females, aged 1month– 65 years, were enrolled in the study. The study showed the existence of sexual dimorphism in nasal morphology, appearing after the age 20 years. The mean nasal index in the investigated adults was 68.01; in males and females was 71.46 and 64.56, respectively. Conclusions: The dominant nasal type in Egyptians was in-between mesorrhine “medium” and leptorrhine “narrow” nose. Forensic and anthropological research, as well as cosmetic and reconstructive surgery may benefit from age- and sex- based data of the study.

Estudio de índices faciales en alumnos de la Universidad de La Frontera, Chile / Facial indices study in students of the Universidad de La Frontera, Chile

Las características faciales de los seres humanos le otorgan una individualidad especial, que permiten identificarlos dentro de un grupo determinado, así como también grupos de personas tienen características que le diferencian de otros grupos. Con el fin de determinar características faciales de nuestra población, se estudiaron dos índices faciales, en individuos adultos (18-35 años), de ambos sexos, estudiantes de la Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. Los índices investigados fueron el Facial Superior (IFS), que relaciona altura morfológica de la parte superior de la cara con el diámetro bicigomático máximo y el índice nasal (IN), que relaciona altura del segmento nasal y el ancho nasal. El promedio del IFS fue de 46,8 (DS 4,0), con límites máximo de 62,1 y mínimo de 38,0, clasificando a los individuos estudiados como euriónicos (cara ancha) en 41 porciento de los casos, como hipereuriónicos (cara muy ancha) en 35 porciento, como mesenos (cara mediana) en 23 por ciento y como Leptenos (cara angosta) en 1 por ciento. El promedio del IN fue de 43,5 (DS 5,1), con límites máximo de 86,2 y mínimo de 50,2, clasificando a los individuos como leptorrinos (nariz angosta) en 77,4 por ciento de los casos, como mesorrinos (nariz mediana) en 17,4 por ciento y como camerrinos (nariz ancha) en un 1,7 por ciento. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la mayoría de nuestra población es de cara ancha y de nariz delgada, datos que complementarán el conocimiento de las características antropométricas de nuestra región.

Facial features of human beings give a special individuality, which can identify within a group, as well as groups of people with characteristics that differentiate them from other groups. In order to determine facial characteristics of our population, two facial indices were studied in adult individuals (18-35 years), of both sexes, students from the Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. The indexes investigated were the Superior Facial (SFI), which relates height of the upper face morphology with the maximum bizygomatic diameter and the nasal index (NI), which relates height and width nasal segment. The SFI average was 46.8 (SD 4.0), with maximum limits of 62.1 and minimum of 38.0, classifying individuals studied as Euryonics (wide face) in 41 percent of cases, as Hypereuryonics (face too wide) in 35 percent, as Meson (medium face) in 23 percent and as Lepton (narrow face) in 1 percent. The NI average was 43.5 (SD 5.1), with maximum limits of 86.2 and minimum of 50.2, classifying individuals as leptorrhine (narrow nose) in 77.4 percent of cases, as mesorrhine (median nose) in 17.4 percent and catarrhine (wide nose) in 1.7 percent. The results show that the majority of our population is of broad face and thin nose, data to complement the knowledge of the anthropometric features in our region.

Relación entre índice facial superior e índice nasal en cráneos Chilenos adultos / Relation between superior facial index and nasal index in Chilean adult crania

La cara es el sello principal de la identidad, lo que nos define como individuos en los contactos interpersonales. Las características métricas aportadas por la craneometría nos permiten caracterizar cráneos y caras por medio de los índices. Se realizó un estudio craneométrico en 32 cráneos de individuos adultos de ambos sexos. En ellos se midieron diámetros faciales y se determinaron sus índices según Bidegain & Carvalho de Mello. La altura facial superior (n-pr) promedio fue de 66,20mm (DE +/- 5,26), con límite máximo de 76,68mm y mínimo de 51,22mm. El ancho facial máximo (zy-zy) promedio fue de 127,05mm (DE +/- 6,85), con límite máximo 139,08mm y mínimo de 112,77mm. El ancho nasal (al-al) promedio fue de 23,99 mm (DE +/-2,81), con límite máximo de un 35,13mm y mínimo de 18,97 mm. La altura nasal (n-ns) promedio fue de 50,97 mm (DE +/- 3,58), con límite máximo de 55,96 mm y mínimo de 39,58mm. El Índice Facial Superior promedio fue de 52,20 (DE +/- 4,54), con límite máximo de 62,29 y mínimo de 43,92 determinando la tendencia meseno en cráneos de género masculino y femenino. El Índice Nasal promedio fue de 47,30 (DE +/- 6,28) con límite máximo de 67,14 y mínimo de 36,23 determinando características leptorrinas tanto en cráneos masculinos como femeninos. Los datos obtenidos permitirán a los profesionales del área salud contar con nuevos antecedentes para estudios antropométricos y antropológicos.

The face is the main symbol of identity which defines us as individuals as well as in the process of interpersonal contacts. Metric characteristics contributed by craniometry allow us to characterize crania and faces by means of indexes. A craniometric study was carried out in 32 crania of adult subjects of both sexes. Facial diameters were measured using indexes according to Bidegain & Carvalho de Mello. Facial height average (n-pr) was 66.20 mm (SD +/- 5.26) with maximum boundary of 76.68 mm and minimum of 51.22 mm. Facial maximum width on average (zy ­ zy) was 127.05 mm. (SD +/- 6.85), with maximum boundary of 139.08 mm and minimum of 112.7 mm. Average Nasal width was 23.99 mm (SD +/- 2.81), with maximum boundary of 35.13 mm and minimum of 18.97mm. Nasal height average (n-ns) was 50.97 mm (SD +/- 3.58) with maximum boundary of 55.96 mm and minimum of 39.58 mm. Facial Superior Index on average was of 52.20 (SD +/- 4.54) with maximum boundary of 62.29 mm and minimum of 43.92 determining the mesorrhine tendency in male and female crania. Nasal average index was 47.30 (SD +/- 6.28) with maximum boundary of 67.14 and minimum of 36.23 thereby determining leptorrhine characteristics in male as well as female crania. The information obtained will afford health care professionals access to new data for anthropometric and anthropological studies.