Asociación entre la inclinación sagital del incisivo central superior y el ángulo nasolabial en ortodoncia

Objetivo: determinar si existe asociación entre la inclinación del incisivo central superior y el ángulo naso-labial de Legan. Materiales y métodos: se utilizaron las telerradiografías laterales de cráneo de 20 pacientes entre 18 y 39 años, obtenidas al inicio y final de su tratamiento ortodóncico, para un análisis cefalométrico. El total de medidas obtenidas se ordenó en dos tiempos. Tiempo 1 (T1) incluyó la medición del ángulo plano biespinal-eje mayor del incisivo superior (AiT1) y del ángulo naso-labial (AnlT1) en las radiografías tomadas previo al tratamiento y tiempo 2 (T2) incluyó la medición de los mismos ángulos en las radiografías tomadas al finalizar el tratamiento (AiT2 y AnlT2 respectivamente). Los datos obtenidos fueron tabulados y analizados estadísticamente. Resultados: la muestra presentó distribución normal, por lo que se aplicó el test de correlación de Pearson, para determinar si existía asociación entre ambas variables (Ai y Anl) en T1 y T2, obteniendo como resultado un valor de R=0,5. Conclusión: no existe asociación estadística entre la variación en la inclinación del incisivo central superior y el Ángulo naso-labial de Legan.

Aim: to determine if there is an association between the inclination of the upper central incisor and the nasolabial Legan angle. Materials and methods: lateral head radiographs of 20 patients between 18 and 39 years old, obtained at the beginning and end of their orthodontic treatment, were used for a cephalometric analysis. The total of measurements obtained was ordered in two times. Time 1 (T1) included the measurement of the bispinal plane angle-major axis of the upper incisor (AiT1) and the nasolabial angle (AnlT1) in the radiographs taken before treatment and time 2 (T2) included the measurement of the same angles, in the radiographs taken at the end of the treatment (AiT2 and AnlT2 respectively). The data obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: the sample presented a normal distribution. So, the Pearson correlation test was applied to determine if there was an association between both variables (Ai and Anl) in T1 and T2, obtaining a value of R=0.5 as a result. Conclusion: there is no statistical association between the variation in the inclination of the upper central incisor and the nasolabial Angle of Legan.

Analysis of smile exposure and related factors in young people aged 20 to 30 with convex facial profiles / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To study smile exposure in 20- to 30-year-olds with convex facial profiles and to explore the correlation between smile exposure and other aesthetic indicators, as well as psychological factors. @*Methods @# This study obtained ethical approval from the hospital. After they gave informed consent and portrait authorization, 80 young subjects aged 20-30 with convex facial profiles had their dynamic postural smile and spontaneous laughter recorded. The videos were imported into Photoshop CC software, key frames were selected, and the smile exposure was measured. The three-dimensional information of the subject's face in a resting state was obtained, the relevant aesthetic indicators were measured, and the satisfaction degree of their smile and laughter were evaluated. Correlation analysis was conducted for smile exposure and the relevant aesthetic indicators and subjective psychological evaluation.@*Results @# There were statistically significant differences in smile exposure, smile patterns, relevant aesthetic indicators and subjective psychological evaluation between males and females aged 20 to 30 (P<0.05). There was a large gap between males and females in the average opening degree when laughing, males having 5 times that of females, while the average gingival exposure height of the maxillary central incisor in males was approximately 1/2 of that in females. The average nasolabial angle of males (99.80° ± 7.96°) was larger than that of females (96.26° ± 7.31°) (P<0.05), while the average ratio of upper lip length to the length of the lower 1/3 of the face of males (33.73% ± 2.35%) was less than that of females (38.57% ± 2.76%) (P<0.05). The average psychological score of males (57.75±13.46) was higher than that of females (53.69±17.95) (P<0.05). The ratios of maxillary teeth and gingival exposure to oral fissure in the postural smile were positively correlated with the nasolabial angle. The oral fissure width in spontaneous laughter was negatively correlated with psychological score.@*Conclusion @# Convex-faced males and females aged 20 to 30 have different smile exposures and smile patterns. Males tend to smile more openly with a larger opening and less gingival exposure, while females tend to grin with a small opening and more gingival exposure. Smile exposure is positively correlated with nasolabial angle and negatively correlated with smile satisfaction.

Facial Angle Profiles in Turkish Healthy Population

The knowledge of the facial angles is essential for safe and accurate plastic surgery interventions. Facial angles are used as a reference value for comparison during diagnosis and treatment planning. Also, the facial angles will provide valuable data in evaluation of facial aesthetics. So, the aim of this study was to determine the ideal values of the facial angles in Turkish healthy adults.METHODSTwo hundred and forty seven (129 females; 118 males) subjects aged between 18 and 25 years were included in this study. Frankfort horizontal plane was chosen to determine the angles related with face. Photographs were acquired using a Digital SLR Camera with fixed shooting values. (Canon EOS 80D; ISO 100 f/4.5). In all the shoots, a printed scale with known dimensions was present. Acquired images were then transferred to a computer station. Measurements were made using Image J 1.52a with 1/100 mm sensitivity. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Ver. 22.00. A p<0.05 value was considered as significant. Student’s T Test was used to determine the significance between gender, while Pearson Correlation analysis was done to evaluate the relation between gender.RESULTSStatistically significant difference was found between the genders and the frontonasal angle, the nasofrontal angle, the nasolabial angle, the chin neck angle, and the nasal projection. Also, the fronto nasal angle, chin neck angle, and nasal projection measurements were higher in males than in females, whereas the nasofrontal angle and nasolabial angle were lower in males than in females. Additionally, there was a significant, negative very low correlation between fronto-nasal angle (-0.148), chin-neck angle (r=-0.179) and gender; a significant, negative and low correlation (r=-0.243) between nasal projection and gender, a significant, positive and low correlation between nasolabial angle and gender (r=0.259); and nasofrontal angle and gender (r=0.388).CONCLUSIONSFacial angle values of healthy population provide important and useful knowledge in terms of comparison of abnormalities clinically, and data may be valuable for the representatives of clinical disciplines.

Correlation between the Inclinations of the Incisors and Lips in Mixed Dentition / 대한소아치과학회지

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the inclinations of the incisors and lips in mixed dentition aged 7 – 11 years. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 353 children were analyzed to measure the upper incisor inclination, lower incisor inclination, lower-nasolabial angle, and mentolabial angle in relation to the skeletal malocclusion classification. The measurements were then assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis.There were significant negative correlations between the inclination of the upper incisors and lower-nasolabial angle in all classes of skeletal malocclusion. There was a negative correlation between the inclination of the lower incisors and mentolabial angle; however, class Ⅱ malocclusion had a significant positive correlation.This study identified the factors that affect lip inclination and verified their associations.

Evaluation Of The Changes In The Soft And Hard Tissue Profile After Anterior Segmental Osteotomy Of Maxilla And Mandible

Aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in the soft and hard tissue profile after Anterior Segmental Osteotomy of Maxilla and Mandible in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College and Hospital, Vijayawada. Subjects include 10 men and women who were diagnosed as bialveolar protrusion and underwent maxillary and mandibular anterior segmental osteotomy. Statistical analysis showed changes in both soft and hard tissues parameters. A reduction of the labial prominence with increase nasolabial angle was noted subsequent to anterior segmental osteotomies. Long term, prospective, methodology sound clinical trials with larger samples are required to provide sufficient information for predicting the soft and hard tissues changes response to anterior segmental osteotomies.

Photogrammetric Analysis of Nasolabial Angle and Mentolabial Angle norm in Malaysian Adults.

Introduction: While measurement of nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle is an important clinical examination in pre-orthognathic surgery assessment, data on non-western population is limited. This study was therefore conducted to determine the range of nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle in normal Malaysian adult with comparison of males and females. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 Class I males and 52 Class I females aged 19-30 years from three main ethnic groups were randomly selected from dental students, medical students and staffs in dental clinic of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). The photographic set-up consisted of a 50mm Nikon DAT camera held in position by a tripod. The photos taken in JPEG format were digitalized and analysed using ProVixwin software. Independent t-test was used to compare any possible gender difference in nasolabial and mentolabial angles. Results: The mean of nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle for male was 92.99? and 130.44? whereas for females it was 95.04? and 130.73? respectively. Gender differences were found to be insignificant for both nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle.Conclusion: Despite having great variation in our population, the nasolabial angle and mentolabial angle are gender independent.

Avaliação do ângulo nasolabial após o tratamento ortodôntico com e sem extração dos primeiros pré-molares / Assessment of the nasolabial angle after orthodontic treatment with and without extraction of the first premolars

OBJETIVOS: avaliar cefalometricamente as mudanças do ângulo nasolabial em pacientes submetidos ao tratamento ortodôntico com e sem exodontias dos primeiros pré-molares, e correlacionar este ângulo com as alterações na inclinação do incisivo superior, do lábio superior e da base do nariz. METODOLOGIA: a amostra consistiu de telerradiografias iniciais e finais de 30 jovens do gênero feminino, com má oclusão de Classe II, 1º divisão. Quinze foram tratadas com extração dos primeiros pré-molares e quinze sem extrações. Além do ângulo nasolabial, foram avaliadas as inclinações do lábio superior (Ls.PCm.SN7º), do incisivo superior (Is.SN7º) e da base do nariz (PCm.SN7º). RESULTADOS: a posição do lábio superior e a inclinação do incisivo superior foram as únicas medidas que apresentaram um aumento estatisticamente significante, entre os tempos inicial e final, no grupo com extrações. Todas as outras medidas avaliadas, em ambos os grupos, não apresentaram significância estatística. Observou-se uma correlação positiva entre a posição do lábio superior, a base do nariz e o ângulo nasolabial. CONCLUSÕES: 1) ocorreu um aumento significativo no ângulo nasolabial no grupo com exodontia dos primeiros pré-molares, devido, principalmente, às mudanças do lábio superior; 2) o crescimento nasal durante o período do estudo não influenciou nas alterações do ângulo nasolabial; 3) todas as outras medidas analisadas não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre os dois grupos, entre os tempos inicial e final; 4) observou-se uma correlação positiva entre o ângulo nasolabial, a inclinação do lábio superior e a base do nariz, em ambos os grupos.

AIM: To cephalometrically evaluate the changes in the nasolabial angle of the patients submitted to orthodontic treatment with and without extractions and correlate them with upper incisor inclination, upper lip position and the base of the nose. METHODS: The sample was composed of pre and posttreatment lateral cephalometric records of 30 female patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion. Fifteen were treated with first premolars extractions and the other fifteen without extractions. The following parameters were measured: nasolabial angle; upper incisor inclination (Is.SN7º angle), upper lip position (Ls-PCm.SN7º angle) and base of the nose (PCm.SN7º angle). RESULTS: The upper incisor inclination and the upper lip position showed a statistically significant increase from T0 to T1 in the extraction group. No statistically significant differences were found for the other parameters in both groups. The correlations between upper lip position, base of the nose and the nasolabial angle were positive. CONCLUSION: 1) There was a significant increase in the nasolabial angle in the extraction group and it was mainly due to changes in the upper lip position; 2) nasal growth during the study period did not contributed to the nasolabial angle increase; 3) all measurements were not statistically different between the 2 groups at T0 and T1, and 4) a positive correlation was found between the nasolabial angle, lip position and base of the nose in both groups.

Evaluation of nasolabial angle in adult patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion / 대한치과교정학회지

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the nasolabial angle changes between closed lip position at centric occlusion and relaxed lip position at which the bite is open so that the lips do not touch and to elucidate the significance of the relaxed lip position for dentofacial diagnosis. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 60 (35 Males, 25 Females) skeletal Class III malocclusion adult patients (mean age 23.3 years) with anterior crossbite. RESULTS: In Class III malocclusion adult patients, there were significant differences in the nasolabial angle changes between closed lip position and relaxed lip position. Using the cluster analysis, the subjects were divided into three groups according to the pattern of nasolabial angle change: Group 1 (N = 27, 45%, -8 ~ 1), Group 2 (N = 30, 50%, 2degrees ~ 17), and Group 3 (N = 3, 5%, over 18). CONCLUSION: The results showed that the pattern of the nasolabial angle change between closed lip position and relaxed lip position varies in skeletal Class III malocclusion patients. Thus, relaxed lip position should be taken into account when diagnostic records are obtained and analyzed to accurately to evaluate the facial soft tissues and predict facial esthetics after surgical-orthodontic treatment.

Aesthetic Rhinoplasty for the Improvement of the Lateral Facial Profile; Image-up Rhinoplasty

There are several characteristics of the nose of orientals. The dorsum of nose is flat and low, the skin is thick with severe tension, the nasal tip is bulbous, the nostril is wide, and the projection of the nose is limited due to a poorly developed alar cartilage with a short columella. In order to improve these untoward characteristics of the nose of Orientals aesthetically, plain augmentation of the dorsum and tip-plasty with conventional methods has been performed by many plastic surgeons. However these conventional rhinoplasty is not enough to obtain satisfactory results when transforming into a more beautiful and aesthetically charming appearance. In order to produce the optimal nasal shape and profile, it is extremely important to consider the aesthetic surgical factors, which are; the position of the nasion, the optimal nasolabial angle(95-100 degree in Orientals), the natural exposure of infra-tip lobule with and columella, the position of the tip defining point in harmony with the dorsal profile and the smooth and natural silhouette of the lateral nasal profile as it descends into the inferior portion of the nose. From April, 2003 to August, 2004, a total of 52 patients underwent open rhinoplasty, adhering to the strict aesthetic principles considered and described priorly. Surgical approach was done through a transcolumella incision and an alar rim incision. The nasal dorsum was augmented with a silicone implant and the shape of the columella and the nasolabial angle were finessed with a silicone strut implant which was placed in between the medial crurae in a manner of a non-visible graft. The nasal tip was corrected by alar cartilage suture technique and onlay graft of shield shaped Alloderm and Gore-Tex. Author obtained the optimal nasal shape and profile aesthetically, and the results, considered satisfactory in all patients without any complications, are as follows; 1. the average increase in nasal length was 2.5mm, 2. the average decrease in nasal width was 2.1mm, 3. the average increase in nasal tip projection was 3.2mm, 4. the changes of nasolabial angles were from 85.5 degree to 94.7 degree, 5. the changes of the angle between the long axis of the external naris was from 101.3 degree to 89.5 degree. In conclusion, this surgical procedure is an effective, reliable and a valuable method in improving the nasal shape, tip projection, nasolabial angle and especially, the lateral facial profile of Orientals aesthetically.

Strut Graft with Septal Cartilage for Nasal Tip Plasty; Increment of the Nasolabial Angle

There are several characteristics of the nasal tip of Orientals. The skin is thick with severe tension and a bulbous nasal tip, the nostrils are wide, and the projection of the nose is limited due to a poorly developed alar cartilage with a short columella. Until now, in order to well outline the nasal tip and project the nose, the alar cartilage was realigned, the domes of the cartilage sutured together, silicone or cartilage was used to improve the appearance of the tip. However, it was difficult to achieve satisfactory results in Orientals due to a short columella and a acute nasolabial angle. From May 1998 to March 2000, the authors attempted to realign the alar cartilage with an open rhinoplasty approach and used the septal cartilage to project the nasal tip and lengthen the columella by designing the increased nasolabial angle in 20 cases. The cartilage was then inserted in the alar cartilage and fixed on the anterior nasal spine. The results, considered satisfactory in all patients without any complications, are as follows: 1. The changes of nasolabial angles were from 88.7 degrees to 95.3 degrees, 2. The average increase in columellar height was 3.5 mm, 3. The average decrease of the alar width was 3.0 mm, 4. The changes of the angle between the long axis of the external naris was from 92.2 degrees to 71.5 degrees. This procedure is an effective method in improving nasolabial angle and columella length.