ABSTRACT
Introdução: As reflexões de Arno Vogel no livro Universo do futebol, são primordiais para entendermos os significados das derrotas e conquistas da seleção brasileira em copas do mundo. A derrota em 1950 e o tricampeonato em 1970 foram sentidas como derrota e vitória de projetos de nação. A seleção gerava sentimentos antagônicos de tragédia e carnaval, de pessimismo e ufanismo. Objetivos: Neste artigo dissertaremos sobre o esmaecimento da equação futebol-nação a partir dos anos 1990. O período das Copas de 1994 a 2002 é primordial, já que a seleção conseguiu um feito inédito de participar de três finais consecutivas, tendo vencido duas e se consagrado pentacampeã do mundo. Outro momento relevante é o mundial de 2014, realizado no brasil, ocasião em que a seleção perdeu de 7 a 1 para a equipe da Alemanha nas semifinais, bem como a Copa de 2018. Metodologia: O corpus da análise é composto por material coletado nos jornais de circulação nacional O Globo e Folha de São Paulo sobre a participação da seleção brasileira masculina de futebol em Copas do Mundo dos jornais. Considerações provisórias: As narrativas jornalísticas já não tratam o futebol como metonímia da nação. As conquistas de 1994 e de 2002 e a derrota na final de 1998, não transcenderam o universo esportivo. A derrota por 7 a 1 para a Alemanha em 2014 gerou memes, que evidenciavam que a identidade nacional não tinha sido afetada. Em 2018, a eliminação para a Bélgica gerou narrativas de ordem técnica.
Introduction: Arno Vogel's reflections in the book Universo do Futebol are essential to understand the meaning of the defeats and victories of the Brazilian national team in the World Cups. The defeat of 1950 and the three-time championship of 1970 were felt like defeat and victory of national projects. The national team generated antagonistic feelings of tragedy and carnival, of pessimism and exacerbated patriotism. Objectives: In this article, we will talk about the fading of the soccer-nation equation starting in the 1990s. The period of the World Cups from 1994 to 2002 is pivotal, as the team achieved an unprecedented feat by participating in three finals consecutive, having won two and became five-time world champion. Another relevant moment is the 2014 World Cup, hosted in Brazil, when the team lost 7-1 to the German team in the semi-finals, as well as the 2018 World Cup. Methodology: The corpus of the analysis consists of material collected in the newspapers O Globo and Folha de São Paulo on the participation of the Brazilian national team in the World Cups. Temporary Considerations: journalistic narratives no longer treat soccer as a metonym of the nation. The achievements of 1994 and 2002 and the defeat in the 1998 final did not transcend the sports universe. The 7-1 loss to Germany in 2014 generated memes that showed that the national identity had not been affected. In 2018, the elimination against Belgium generated narratives of a technical nature.
Introducción: Las reflexiones de Arno Vogel en el libro Universo do Futebol son fundamentales para que entendamos el significado de las derrotas y conquistas de la selección brasileña de fútbol en los mundiales. La derrota de 1950 y el tricampeonato de 1970 se sintieron como derrota y victoria de proyectos nacionales. La selección generaba sentimientos antagónicos de tragedia y carnaval, de pesimismo y patriotismo exacerbado. Objetivos: En este artículo, hablaremos sobre el desvanecimiento de la ecuación fútbol-nación a partir de la década de 1990. El período de los Mundiales de 1994 a 2002 es fundamental, ya que el equipo logró una hazaña sin precedentes al participar en tres finales consecutivas, habiendo ganado dos y se consagró pentacampeón del mundo. Otro momento relevante es el Mundial de 2014, organizado en Brasil, cuando el equipo perdió por 7-1 ante la selección alemana en las semifinales, así como el Mundial de 2018. Metodología: El corpus del análisis consiste en material recolectado en los periódicos O Globo y Folha de São Paulo sobre la participación de la selección brasileña de fútbol en los Mundiales. Consideraciones provisorias: las narrativas periodísticas ya no tratan al fútbol como metonimia de la nación. Los logros de 1994 y 2002 y la derrota en la final de 1998 no trascendieron el universo deportivo. La derrota por 7-1 ante Alemania en 2014 generó memes que demostraron que la identidad nacional no había sido afectada. En 2018, la eliminación ante Bélgica generó narrativas de carácter técnico.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 21st Century , Soccer , Sports , State , History , Time , Character , Emotions , Methodology as a SubjectABSTRACT
O presente trabalho investiga representações sociais acerca da copa do mundo, da seleção brasileira de futebol e da FIFA. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com 202 pessoas, estudantesuniversitários, de uma universidade pública da Paraíba. Os resultados revelaram uma diferença entre as evocações emergidas entre os gêneros, como também, em função da classe social, sendo os homens mais positivos em relação à copa e a seleção do que as mulheres e os menos favorecidos economicamente sendo os mais críticos. Concluiu-se que as representações sociais proporcionaram um melhor entendimento sobre a Copa do Mundo, FIFA e seleção brasileira, abrindo-se uma importante avenida para estudos na psicologia social.
This paper investigates the social representations of the world cup, the Brazilian soccer team and FIFA. It is a survey with 202 people, college students, from a public university ofParaíba. The results revealed a difference in evocations between the genders, as well as between the social class, men being more positive towards the World Cup and the brazillian soccer team than women and the economically underprivileged being the most critical. It was found that social representations have provided a better understanding of the World Cup, FIFA and the Brazillian soccer team, opening up an important opportunity for research in social psychology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Psychology, Social , Soccer , BrazilABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The 2nd to 4th digit length ratio(2D : 4D) is a sexually dimorphic trait regardless of ethnicity and shows sex differences. According to previous research, men usually have a relatively shorter 2nd digit than 4th digit. There is tendency that men with lower 2D : 4D are perceived as being more masculine and tend to perform better in some physical sports. Furthermore, 2D : 4D is negatively associated with trait aggression. In this study, we examine gender difference of 2D : 4D and compare 2D : 4D of female Korean national team members to 2D : 4D of control subjects. Besides that, we also compare 2D : 4D of female Korean national team members according to their sports entries. METHODS: The sample of this study is 396 people, 67 female Korean national team member, 216 control women and 113 control men. We measured 2nd to 4th digit length of their right hand. In addition, we collected demographic information of female Korean national team members using a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean 2D : 4D of female Korean national team members is 0.96(SD=0.04), smaller than control women's 2D : 4D(0.97, SD=0.03) and significantly higher than control men's 2D : 4D(0.95, SD=0.03). We also found differences between control men and women. Non-martial arts related sports athletes have significant difference with control men in 2D : 4D. However, martial arts related sports athletes' 2D : 4D is not significantly different from other groups, including control men. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with the findings of previous research that there is a significant difference between men and women in their 2D : 4D. Furthermore, 2D : 4D of martial arts related sports athletes have not shown any difference from the 2D : 4D of control men that 2D : 4D of non-martial arts related athletes have shown. This fact is important in consideration of masculine characteristics. For further research, it is necessary to examine 2D : 4D difference according to sport ability and gender differences.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Aggression , Athletes , Hand , Martial Arts , Sex Characteristics , SportsABSTRACT
Nutrient supplements are often used by athletes as ergogenic aids. This study was done to investigate the use of nutrient supplements, nutritional knowledge and nutrient intakes of athletes. Subjects of this survey consisted of 195 national team athletes. The prevalence of nutrient supplement use among all subjects was 30.3%, and the frequency of use, by decreasing order, was weight lifting, taekwondo and badminton athletes. Sport drinks were the type of nutrition supplement used most frequently and vitamin C was the second one. Major reasons for nutrient supplement use were to improve training performance and to recover from fatigue, to supplement fluid and to control weight. The average score of nutritional knowledge was 19.9+/-2.5 for nutrient supplement users, and 19.8+/-3.6 for nutrient supplement nonusers. Intakes of protein, calcium and niacin of the user were higher than those of the nonuser. This information provided by this study can help sport nutritionists identify nutrient supplement most often consumed by national elite athletes and can aid counselors as they guide athletes towards more healthful nutrition practices.