ABSTRACT
La búsqueda de la felicidad es uno de los fines más ansiados por los seres humanos. Así mismo, cada vez son más los estudios dentro de la psicología que buscan hallar cuáles son los factores involucrados en la felicidad. Existen dos grandes enfoques para su estudio, el paradigma hedonista y el paradigma eudaimónico. El paradigma hedónico propone que el bienestar depende principalmente de vivir una vida con experiencias placenteras; mientras que el paradigma eudaimónico refiere que el bienestar no solo se logra mediante el placer, sino principalmente a través de la actualización del potencial humano. En el presente estudio se trabajó con una muestra compuesta por 340 ciudadanos de Córdoba (Argentina) para indagar cuáles son sus concepciones sobre la felicidad mediante la técnica de Redes Semánticas Naturales (RSN). En este sentido, se propusieron dos hipótesis: 1) los participantes concebirán la felicidad tanto en términos hedónicos como eudaimónicos y 2) aquellos participantes con mayores niveles de felicidad tendrán una concepción predominantemente eudaimónica de la felicidad. La primera de las hipótesis pudo corroborarse de manera amplia dado que las definiciones obtenidas, tanto en la muestra total como en los grupos comparados, contenían tanto componentes hedónicos como eudaimónicos. Así mismo, se aporta evidencia a favor de la segunda hipótesis, esto es que los participantes con mayores niveles de felicidad subjetiva presentan una concepción predominantemente eudaimónica de la felicidad.
The pursuit of happiness is one of the most coveted goals of human beings. There are increasingly more psychology studies seeking to find which factors are involved in happiness. There are two main approaches to this study: the hedonic and the eudaemonic paradigms. The hedonic paradigm proposes that well-being depends primarily on living a life with pleasant experiences, while the eudaemonic paradigm refers that well-being is not only achieved through pleasure, but mainly through upgrading the human potential. In the present study we worked with a sample consisting of 340 citizens of Córdoba (Argentina) to investigate which conceptions they have about happiness by the technique of Natural Semantic Networks (NSN). Two hypotheses were proposed in this regard: 1) participants will conceive happiness both in hedonic and eudaemonic terms, and 2) those participants with higher levels of happiness will have a predominantly eudaemonic conception of happiness. The first hypothesis was corroborated broadly, because the definitions obtained in the total sample and in the groups being compared contained both hedonic and eudaemonic components. Likewise, evidence favoring the second hypothesis is also provided; that is, participants with higher levels of subjective happiness have a predominantly eudaemonic conception of happiness.
ABSTRACT
A necessidade de destacar o ambiente como elemento envolvido no processo de aprendizagem e formação humana motivou o presente estudo, que teve como objetivo analisar a percepção dos alunos frente às práticas de cuidado com a sala de aula. Para tanto, contou-se com a participação de 90 estudantes do primeiro ano do ensino médio da rede pública de ensino da cidade de João Pessoa-PB, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (53,3%), com idades variando entre 14 e 19 anos (m=16,01; dp=1,16). Os participantes responderam a um livreto composto de quatro blocos para as respostas das associações livres de palavras solicitadas para a técnica das Redes Semânticas Naturais (RSN) e de um questionário sociodemográfico. As análises das respostas obtidas foram feitas em uma folha adaptada de cálculo, em planilha Excel. As palavras que emergiram das RSN indicaram uma percepção adequada dos termos cuidado ambiental e sala de aula. Conclui-se que a pesquisa desenvolvida agregou elementos úteis para a compreensão e definição do cuidado com a sala de aula. Indicadores úteis para o planejamento de projetos focados na promoção da noção de responsabilidade com a manutenção da qualidade dos espaços de aprendizagem e comportamento de cuidado ambiental; entendendo esses como contribuintes do processo de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento humano, com foco na construção de um sujeito ecológico, proposta vinculada à aprendizagem significativa.
The need for considering the environment as an element involved in the process of learning and human development motivated the present study that aimed to analyze students' perception of practices of care with the classroom. A total of 90 high school students in the city of João Pessoa-PB took part in the study, most were females (53.3%), aged 14 to 19 years (m = 16.01; dp = 1.16). The participants answered a booklet composed of four blocks for the answers to the free associations of words used for the technique of Natural Semantic Networks-NSN and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The analyzes of the answers obtained were carried out in an adapted calculation sheet, created in an Excel spreadsheet. The words that emerged from the NSN indicated an adequate perception of the terms environmental care and classroom. It is concluded that the research developed added useful elements for the understanding and definition of care with the classroom. They are, therefore, considered as indicators for the planning of projects focused on promoting the notion of responsibility for maintaining the quality of learning spaces. Although there were limitations, the present study contributes to the debate of the process of human learning and development, having focused on the construction of an ecological subject, a proposal that is linked to meaningful learning.
ABSTRACT
Hasta hace pocos años la transexualidad era considerada una anomalía, lo que conllevó a la discriminación y estigmatización de los transexuales. Este hecho no se limita solo a la población general, sino que posiblemente abarca también al personal de salud, afectando el derecho a la salud de estos individuos. Se analizó las concepciones sobre la transexualidad en los estudiantes de quinto año de medicina del Departamento Clínico Integral del Norte de la Universidad de Carabobo, en el año 2016, en un estudio descriptivo, de diseño no experimental y transversal, con un tipo de investigación cuantitativa con elementos de análisis cualitativos de la información obtenida, utilizando el método de redes semánticas naturales de Valdez y Figueroa. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 100 estudiantes, cada uno de ellos expresó con cinco palabras sus concepciones sobre la transexualidad y la jerarquización según la importancia que ellos le asignaron. El perfil de los sujetos indica el predominio del género femenino con 67%, de la religión católica con el 72%, y la orientación sexual heterosexual con 91%. Emergieron 193 palabras definidoras, de las cuales las de mayor peso semántico fueron Cambio (100 %), Homosexualidad (57,46%) y Libertad (41,79%). Los estudiantes manejan concepciones sobre la transexualidad orientadas mayormente hacia una dimensión de reconocimiento y de orientación sexual/sexo/género. Se hace evidente por los resultados obtenidos, que existen importantes errores de conceptos con respecto al término de transexualidad.
Until recently transsexuality was considered an anomaly, which led to the discrimination and stigmatization of transsexual people. This is not only limited to the general population, but quite possibly affects health professionals as well, which has an impact on how transsexual individuals access health care services. The conceptions about transsexuality of fifth-year medical students of the North Integrated Clinical Department of the University of Carabobo in year 2016 were analized. The nature of the research was descriptive, with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design and a quantitative analysis, with qualitative elements, and was based on the Valdez and Figueroa natural semantic networks method. The survey was administered to 100 students; each of them expressed in five words their representation of the concept and ranked it according to the importance they assigned to it. The sample profile indicates a majority of female students, 67%, the most common religious background was Catholic, 72%, and most of them were heterosexual, 91%. A total of 193 defining words emerged, of which Change (100%), Homosexuality (57.46%) and Freedom (41.79%) were the ones with more semantic weight. Students conceptions about transsexuality are mainly oriented towards a dimension of recognition and sexual /sex/gender orientation. Results showed the existence of important misconceptions about the term transsexuality.
ABSTRACT
Esta investigación se planteó como objetivo establecer el significado psicológico de la "actividad de investigar", para un grupo de profesionales de las Ciencias Sociales. Se usó la técnica de Redes Semánticas Naturales, versión definida por Valdez (2004), que hace énfasis en el análisis del significado psicológico construido a partir de las vivencias. El instrumento fue aplicado a 46 asistentes de un evento académico en el área de Ciencias Sociales, elegidos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Los resultados muestran un total de 220 palabras diferentes asociadas al término investigación (valor J). Los dos términos de mayor peso semántico fueron indagación (106) y búsqueda (101), en contraste con las palabras análisis y disciplina, cuyo peso semántico fue 33. A través de una prueba de independencia entre las variables sociodemográficas y el grupo SAM, se evidenció que no existe relación significativa con el género y la edad.
This research had the objective of establishing the psychological meaning associated with the "research activity" for Social Science Professionals. We used the Natural Semantic Network technique (Valdez, 2004), which emphasizes the analysis of the psychological meaning constructed from the experiences. The instrument was applied to 46 attendees of an academic event in the area of Social Sciences, in an intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The results show a total of 220 different words associated with the term "Research" (J value). The two terms of highest semantic weight were: Inquiry (106), Search (101), in contrast with the words Analysis and Discipline with semantic weight of 33. Through a test of independence between sociodemographic variables and the SAM group, no significant relationship with gender and age emerged.
ABSTRACT
La presente investigación tiene como propósito identificar elementos que definen el Bienestar Subjetivo, compuesto por felicidad y satisfacción con la vida, en una muestra de 40 adultos jóvenes profesionales de Santiago, Chile, a partir del método de redes semánticas naturales. Los resultados indican que la familia, amigos y amor constituyen elementos vinculados a la definición de los conceptos de felicidad y satisfacción con la vida así como con la valoración de lo que permite ser feliz. Complementan estas concepciones, la alusión sobre el trabajo, metas personales y actividades recreativas como aspectos que contribuyen a la felicidad y satisfacción con la vida. En cuanto a diferencias de género, aunque éstas no son determinantes, se observa que los hombres parecen estar más orientados al alcance de metas y objetivos, y las mujeres al disfrute y al ocio.
This research aims to describe the experience of subjective well-being in a sample of adult professional people from Santiago-Chile, employing the natural semantic network method. The results indicate that family, friends and love are linked to happiness and satisfaction concepts in relation to the life, as well as the valuation of what allows being happy. Conceptions about work, personal goals, and entertainment are referred as aspects that contribute to happiness and life satisfaction. In regard to gender differences, although these are not decisive, it is observed that men seem to be more focused on goal achievement, and women to enjoyment and leisure activities.