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1.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 84: e0432014, 2017. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-887869

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the toxic effect of commercial formulations of neem oil, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, pre-pupae (PP), young pupae (YP) and old pupae (OP) of Diatraea saccharalis F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were sprayed with the diluted extract in distilled water at concentrations of 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%. The neem extract caused concentration-dependent effects on mortality of pupae, and the pupae that failed to emerge in adults had multiple abnormalities. The longevity of pupae that emerged in adults (YP and OP group) did not differ from the control group. The abnormalities found in adults were related to mortality in all treatments, except at the concentration of 1.0%. Fertility was assessed according to the oviposition of adult females from the YP group that showed no abnormalities, through the evaluation of the number of deposited eggs and the rate of undeveloped eggs. The results showed a reduction in the number of eggs laid and an increase in the percentage of undeveloped eggs. These results show that neem oil has a high potential to control the toughest stage of the sugarcane borer and also reduces the further development. Therefore, commercial formulations of neem oil have a toxic effect on pupae and adults of D. saccharalis.(AU)


Para avaliar o efeito tóxico de formulações comerciais de óleo de neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss, pré-pupas (PP), pupas jovens (PJ) e pupas velhas (PV) da Diatraea saccharalis F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) foram pulverizadas com o extrato diluído em água destilada, em concentrações de 0,0, 0,3, 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0%. O neem provocou diferentes efeitos sobre a mortalidade de pupas, dependendo da concentração. As pupas que não conseguiram emergir em adultos apresentaram anormalidades múltiplas. Quanto às pupas que emergiram em adultos (grupos PJ e PV), foi calculada a sua longevidade, que não diferiu da do grupo controle. As anormalidades encontradas em adultos estão relacionadas com a mortalidade em todos os tratamentos com exceção da concentração de 1,0%. A fecundidade foi avaliada de acordo com a oviposição de adultos fêmeas do grupo PJ, que não apresentaram anormalidades; dentro dos ovos depositados foi avaliado o número de ovos não desenvolvidos. Os resultados demonstraram redução no número de ovos depositados e aumento na porcentagem de ovos não desenvolvidos. Esses resultados mostraram que o óleo de neem tem elevado potencial para o controle do estágio mais resistente da broca da cana-de-açúcar, além de reduzir o aparecimento das fases subsequentes. Portanto, formulações comerciais de óleo de neem apresentam um efeito tóxico em pupas e adultos de D. Saccharalis.(AU)


Subject(s)
Azadirachta , Saccharum , Toxicity , Insecticides , Insecta
2.
Rev. cient. (Guatem.) ; 26(2): [36]-[48], octubre. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-883273

ABSTRACT

Aedes aegypti L. (Díptera: Culicidae), es vector de los virus que provocan las enfermedades febriles Dengue, Chikungunya y Zika, que afectan a gran parte de la población en los países tropicales, por lo que la búsqueda de nuevos plaguicidas naturales constituye un recurso importante para combatir a este mosquito. En el presente estudio se evaluaron cinco aceites esenciales obtenidos de tres quimiotipos de Lippia graveolens Kunth. (timol, carvacrol y mixto) y dos de Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson (citral y carvona), como alternativa para disminuir el impacto ambiental, del uso de insecticidas químicos para el control de las larvas del mosquito. Se realizaron bioensayos para cada uno de las cuatro estadios larvarios, en un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones, empleando cuatro concentraciones de los aceites esenciales (0.4, 0.2, 0.1 y 0.05 mg/mL); la lectura de mortalidad se hizo a las 24 h de exposición y se determinó la concentración letal media (CL50). En los cuatro estadios larvarios, el aceite esencial obtenido del quimiotipo timol de L. graveolens, mostró las CL50 más bajas con las mayores mortalidades: primer estadio, 0.056 mg/mL 95% IC [0.046, 0.064]; segundo estadio 0.068 mg/mL 95% IC [0.062, 0.077]; tercer estadio, 0.088 mg/mL 95% IC [0.080, 0.096]; cuarto estadio, 0.092 mg/mL 95% IC [0.084, 0.100]. Estos resultados sugieren el potencial uso del aceite esencial quimiotipo timol, como un insecticida de origen natural, para el control de A. aegypti.


Aedes aegypti L. (Díptera: Culicidae), is a vector of the viruses that cause febrile illnesses such as Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika, which affect in large extent the population of tropical countries, thus, the search of pesticides of natural origin is an important resource to combat this mosquito. In this study five essential oils, obtained from three chemotypes of Lippia graveolens Kunth. (thymol, carvacrol and mixed) and two of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson (citral and carvone), were evaluated as an alternative to chemical pesticides to reduce the environmental impact, in order to control the insect larvae. Bioassays were performed randomly for each of the four instars in an experimental design with four replications, using four concentrations of the essential oils (0.4, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 mg / mL); the mortality reading was recorded after 24 hours of exposure and the median lethal concentration (LC50) was determined.. In all larval stages, the essential oil obtained from L. graveolens thymol chemotype showed the lowest LC50 with the highest mortality rate: first instar, 0.056 mg/mL 95 % CI ([0.046, 0.064]); second instar, 0.068 mg/ mL 95 % CI [0.062, 0.077]; third instar, 0.088 mg/mL 95 % CI [0.080, 0.096]; fourth instar, 0.092 mg/mL 95 % CI [0.084, 0.100]. These results suggest the potential use of the essential oil thymol chemotype, as an insecticide of natural origin, to control A. aegypti.

3.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 14(2): 113-117, Mar. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-907476

ABSTRACT

The composition of the essential oil (EO) from Cryptocarya alba obtained by hydro distillation of fresh leaves was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrosmetry (GC/MS). The insecticidal effect of the oil on the house fly Musca domestica was evaluated by placing flies in a sealed glass jar containing a piece of EO-treated cotton yarn. The dose necessary to kill 50 percent of flies (LC50) in 0.5 and 1 h was determined at 26 +/- 1 °C. The essential oil from Cryptocarya alba showed significant insecticidal properties [33.56 (7.06-159.50) mg/dm3 (0.5 h) and 15.07 (5.29-42.91) mg/dm3 (1 h)]. According to GC and GC/MS analysis a total of 38 compounds were identified. The composition of the Cryptocarya alba essential oil reported in this study is different to that reported in other publications with 4-terpineol (17.48 percent) ; 4- (3,3-dimethyl-but-1-ynyl) -4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-enone (12.84 percent); 1,8-cineole (7.90 percent); p-cymene (7.11 percent) and sabinene (6.80 percent), accounting for 52.13 percent of the EO. The EO from Cryptocarya alba appears promising as a natural insecticide against houseflies.


La composición del aceite esencial (AE), obtenido por hidrodestilación de hojas frescas de Cryptocarya alba se analizó mediante cromatografía de gases (CG) y cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masas (CG/EM). La actividad insecticida del aceite contra la mosca doméstica, Musca domestica se evaluó colocando las moscas en un frasco de vidrio sellado con un trozo de hilo de algodón tratado con diferentes cantidades de AE. La dosis necesaria para matar el 50 por ciento de las moscas (LC50) en 0,5 y 1 hora se determinó a 26 +/- 1 oC. El aceite esencial de Cryptocarya alba mostró un buen efecto insecticida [33,56 (7,06-159,50) mg/dm3 (0,5 h) and 15,07 (5,29-42,91) mg/dm3 (1 h)]. La composición del aceite esencial de Cryptocarya alba encontrada en este trabajo es diferente al informado en otras publicaciones, con 4-terpineol (17,48 por ciento); 4-(3,3-dimetil-but-1-inil)-4-hidroxi-2,6,6-trimetilciclohex-2-enona (12.84 por ciento); 1,8-cineole (7,90 por ciento); p-cimeno (7,11 por ciento) y sabineno (6,80 por ciento), lo que representa el 52.13 por ciento del AE. El AE de Cryptocarya alba parece prometedor como un insecticida natural contra la mosca doméstica.


Subject(s)
Cryptocarya/chemistry , Diptera , Insecticides/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Oils, Volatile/chemistry
4.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 29(6): 1840-1847, nov./dec. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-948368

ABSTRACT

Phytovirus vectors Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom, 1920) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) feed on crops of great economic importance brings large economic losses worldwide to cultivated species such as tomato and cotton. F. schultzei transmits Tospovirus, Groundnut ring spot virus (GRSV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) to tomato plants and M. persicae transmits Potato virus Y (PVY), Tomato yellow top virus (ToYTV) and Tomato bottom yellow leaf virus (TBYLV) to tomato crops. Chemical constituents of essential oils have been increasingly studied because they present a wide range of biological activities. The aim of this work was to characterize Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and evaluate its potential insecticide activity against F. schultzei and M. persicae. The essential oil was obtained from fresh leaves by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. Its yield (1.04%) was determined relative to the dry mass of the plant. Qualitative analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and chemical constituent content was determined by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Nine compounds were identified, with geranial (49.98%) and neral (37.78%) being the major components. The insects were sprayed with C. citratus essential oil at different concentrations using a Potter tower. The LC50 values for M. persicae and F. schultzei were 0.28% and 1.49%, respectively. Essential oil from C. citratus is a promising natural alternative for developing pesticides to manage M. persicae.


Os vetores de fitovírus Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom, 1920) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) e Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) se alimentam de culturas de grande importância econômica, trazendo grandes perdas econômicas em todo o mundo para as espécies cultivadas, como tomate e algodão. F. schultzei transmite Tospovirus, Groundnut ring spot virus (GRSV) e Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) em tomateiro and M. persicae transmite Potato virus Y (PVY), Tomato yellow top virus (ToYTV) e Tomato bottom yellow leaf virus (TBYLV) ao tomateiro. Os constituintes químicos dos óleos essenciais têm sido cada vez mais estudados, pois apresentam uma ampla gama de atividades biológicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar o óleo essencial de Cymbopogon citratus e avaliar o seu potencial inseticida sobre F. schultzei e M. persicae. O óleo essencial foi obtido a partir de folhas frescas por hidrodestilação utilizando um aparelho Clevenger. O seu rendimento (1,04%) foi determinado em relação à massa seca da planta. A análise qualitativa foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massa e o teor dos constituintes químicos foi determinado por cromatografia gasosa com detector de ionização de chama. Nove compostos foram identificados, com geranial (49,98%) e neral (37,78%), sendo os componentes principais. Os insetos foram pulverizados com óleo essencial de C. citratus em diferentes concentrações utilizando uma torre de Potter. Os valores de CL50 de M. persicae e F. schultzei foram de 0,28% e 1,49%, respectivamente. Óleo essencial de C. citratus é uma alternativa natural promissor para o desenvolvimento de inseticidas para o manejo de M. persicae.


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile , Thysanoptera , Poaceae , Hemiptera , Insecticides
5.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 12(2): 196-200, mar. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-722792

ABSTRACT

The composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained by hydro distillation from dry leaves of Heliotropium stenophyllum (Heliotropiaceae) was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The insecticidal activity of the oil against the house fly Musca domestica was evaluated and the dose necessary to kill 50 percent of flies (LC50) in 2 h was determined at 25 +/- 1 °C. The essential oil from Heliotropium stenophyllum showed potent insecticidal properties (LC50 = 1.09 mg/dm3) in comparison with other essential oils, in which at shorter times, the same bio-assay was used. According to GC and GC/MS analysis, junenol (19.08 percent); longiborneol (9.34 percent); (E, Z)-geranyl linalool (6.81 percent); selina-3,11-dien-6-alpha-ol (6.70 percent); alpha-cedrene epoxide (6.60 percent); heliofolen-12-al D (6.23 percent) and beta-epi-bisabolol (4.83 percent were the principal components of the EO. The Heliotropium stenophyllum essential oil, made up exclusively of sesquiterpenes, showed a composition very different from the EOs of the other species of Heliotropium, studied, and present a great potential as a natural insecticide against houseflies.


La composición del aceite esencial (AE) obtenido por hidrodestilación de hojas secas de Heliotropium stenophyllum (Heliotropiaceae) se analizó mediante cromatografía de gases (CG) y cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masas (CG/EM). La actividad insecticida del aceite contra la mosca doméstica Musca domestica se evaluó y la dosis necesaria para matar el 50 por ciento de las moscas (LC50) en 2 h se determinó a 25 +/- 1 ºC. El aceite esencial de Heliotropium stenophyllum mostró potentes propiedades insecticidas (LC50 = 1,09 mg/dm3) en comparación con otros aceites esenciales, en el que en tiempos más cortos, se utilizó el mismo bio-ensayo. De acuerdo con los análisis de CG y CG/EM, junenol (19,08 por ciento); longiborneol (9,34 por ciento), (E, Z)-geranil linalool (6,81 por ciento); selina-3,11-dien-6-alfa-ol (6,70 por ciento); epoxido de alfa-cedreno (6,60 por ciento); heliofolen-12-al D (6,23 por ciento) y beta-epi-bisabolol (4,83 por ciento) fueron los componentes principales identificados en el AE. El aceite esencial de Heliotropium stenophyllum, formado exclusivamente por sesquiterpenos, mostró una composición muy diferente al de los AEs de otras especies de Heliotropium, estudiadas, y muestra un gran potencial como insecticida contra la moscas doméstica.


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Heliotropium/chemistry , Insecticides/chemistry , Biological Assay , Diptera , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Insecticides/pharmacology , Vapor Pressure
6.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 15(4,supl.1): 757-762, 2013. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-700015

ABSTRACT

O óleo essencial das folhas de Schinus terebinthifolius foi obtido por hidrodestilação e analisado por CG-EM. O rendimento do óleo foi de 0,8%, sendo identificados 37 constituintes químicos. Os componentes principais foram germacreno D (25,0%), (E)-ß-cariofileno (17,5%) e δ -elemeno (10,5%). O óleo essencial foi diluído em acetona nas concentrações de 10-2 a 10-8 e aplicado aos insetos (Hypothenemus hampei) por aplicação tópica e exposição em superfície contaminada. As taxas de mortalidade foram avaliadas após 24 e 48 horas do início do experimento. A aplicação em superfície contaminada resultou em 25% de mortalidade no controle, enquanto nas diluições de 10-2 a 10-8 foram observados 100,0 a 30,0% de mortalidade. Na aplicação tópica, observou-se 27,5% de mortalidade no controle e 97,5 a 77,5% nas diluições de 10-2 a 10-8.


The essential oil from the leaves of Schinus terebinthifolius was obtained by hydrodistillation and was analyzed by GC-MS. The oil yield was 0.8%, and 37 chemical constituents were identified. The main components were germacrene D (25.0%), (E)-ß-cariophyllene (17.5%) and δ-elemene (10.5%). The essential oil was diluted in acetone in concentrations of 10-2 to 10-8 and it was applied to insects (Hypothenemus hampei) by topical application and exposure to contaminated surface. Mortality rates were evaluated after 24 and 48 hours. The contaminated surface application resulted in 25.0% of mortality in control while the dilutions of 10-2 to 10-8 resulted in 100% to 30.0% of mortality respectively. In the topical application, it was observed 27.5% of mortality in control and 97.5 to 77.5% of mortality in dilutions of 10-2 to 10-8


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/chemical synthesis , Pest Control , Anacardiaceae/classification , Coffee/metabolism , Insecticides/administration & dosage
7.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 10(5): 470-475, sept. 2011. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-618829

ABSTRACT

The composition of essential oil (EO) from Schinus latifolius obtained by hydro distillation of dry leaves was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The insecticidal effect of the oil on the house fly Musca domestica was evaluated by placing flies in a sealed glass jar containing a piece of EO-treated cotton yarn. The dose necessary to kill 50 percent of flies (LC50) in 0.5 and 1 h was determined at 26+/-1°C. The essential oil from Schinus latifolius showed significant insecticidal properties [LC50 = 31.98 mg/dm3 (0.5 h) and LC50 = 19.20 mg/dm3 (1 h)]. According to GC-FID and GC/MS analysis a total of 54 compounds were identified accounting for 99.45 percent of the EO, with limonene (50.23 percent); α-pinene (15.01percent); beta-pinene (11.81 percent); sabinene (4.71 percent) and α-thujene (2.18 percent) as the main components. The EO from Schinus latifolius appears promising as a natural insecticide against houseflies. The composition of the Schinus latifolius essential oil reported in this study is different to that reported in other publications. The most important characteristic is the high content of limonene (50.23 percent), which can be attributed to the time of year and the geographic location of the sampled plants.


La composición del aceite esencial (AE), obtenido por hidrodestilación de hojas secas de Schinus latifolius se analizó mediante cromatografía de gases (CG-FID) y cromatografía de gases / espectrometría de masas (CG/EM). La actividad insecticida del aceite contra la mosca doméstica, Musca domestica se evaluó colocando las moscas en un frasco de vidrio sellado con un trozo de hilo de algodón tratado con diferentes cantidades de AE. La dosis necesaria para matar el 50 por ciento de las moscas (LC50) en 0,5 y 1 hora se determinó a 26 +/- 1ºC. El aceite esencial de Schinus latifolius mostró un buen efecto insecticida [DL50 = 31,98 mg/dm3 (0,5 h) y DL50 = 19,20 mg/dm3 (1 h)]. De acuerdo con los análisis de GC-FID y CG/EM, un total de 54 compuestos fueron identificados lo que representa el 99.45 por ciento del AE, siendo limoneno (50.23 por ciento); α-pineno (15.01 por ciento); beta-pineno (11.81 por ciento); sabineno (4.71 por ciento) y α-tujeno (2.18 por ciento) los componentes principales del AE. El AE de Schinus latifolius parece prometedor como un insecticida natural contra la mosca doméstica. La composición del aceite esencial de Schinus latifolius encontrado en este trabajo es diferente al informado en otras publicaciones. La característica mas importante es el alto contenido de limoneno (50.23 por ciento), que podría atribuirse a la época del año y la ubicación geográfica de las plantas recolectadas.


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Anacardiaceae/chemistry , Insecticides/pharmacology , Houseflies , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
8.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 9(6): 465-469, nov. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-644985

ABSTRACT

The composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained by hydro distillation from dry leaves of Peumus boldus was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The insecticidal activity of the oil against the house fly Musca domestica was evaluated by placing flies in a sealed glass jar containing a piece of EO-treated cotton yarn. The dose necessary to kill 50 percent of flies (LC50) in 1 h was determined at 26 +/-1°C. The essential oil from Peumus boldus showed potent insecticidal properties (LC50 = 6.26 mg/dm3). According to GC and GC/MS analysis, 1,8-cineol (36.72 percent); p-cymene (26.79 percent); ascaridol (6.25 percent); sabinene (5.10 percent); 4-terpineol (4.39 percent); beta-pinene (4.16 percent) and limonene (2.68 percent) were the principal components of the EO. The EO from Peumus boldus seems promising as a natural insecticide against houseflies. The peumus boldus essential oil reported in this paper is different to that reported in other publications. .The most important differences are the low content of ascaridol and the high content of both 1,8-cineol and p-cimene which can be attributed to the time of year and the geographic location of the samples plant.


La composición del aceite esencial (AE), obtenido por hidrodestilación de hojas secas de Peumus boldus se analizó mediante cromatografía de gases (CG) y cromatografía de gases / espectrometría de masas (CG / EM). La actividad insecticida del aceite contra la mosca doméstica, Musca domestica se evaluó colocando las moscas en un frasco de vidrio sellado con un trozo de hilo de algodón tratado con diferentes cantidades de AE. La dosis necesaria para matar el 50 por ciento de las moscas (LC50) en 1 hora se determinó a 26 +/- 1ºC. El aceite esencial de Peumus boldus mostró potentes propiedades insecticidas (LC50= 6.26 mg/dm3). De acuerdo con los análisis de GC y CG / EM, 1,8-cineol (36,72 por ciento), p-cimeno (26.79 por ciento); ascaridol (6,25 por ciento); sabineno (5.10 por ciento), 4-terpineol (4,39 por ciento), beta-pineno (4,16 por ciento) y limoneno (2,68 por ciento) fueron los componentes principales del AE. El AE de Peumus boldus parece prometedor como un insecticida natural contra moscas. La composición del aceite esencial de Peumus boldus encontrado en este trabajo es diferente a lo reportado en otras publicaciones. Las diferencias más importantes son el bajo contenido de ascaridol y el alto contenido de ambos 1,8-cineol y p-cimeno que puede atribuirse a la época del año y la ubicación geográfica de las plantas recolectadas.


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Insecticides/pharmacology , Houseflies , Peumus/chemistry , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
9.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 51(2): 373-383, Mar.-Apr. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-484299

ABSTRACT

The effect of aqueous extracts of Talisia esculenta (T.E.) and Sapindus saponaria (S.S.), were evaluated on the development and mortality of 8-14th day-life Spodoptera frugiperda, an important pest of maize. Corn leaves were dipped in the aqueous extracts (1 percent w/v) and offered as food to the caterpillars. The treated corn leaves with the extracts caused larval mortality (26.71 percent/T.E.; 63.3 percent/S.S.) and also showed effect on the larval weight (237.50 mg/T.E.; 86.65 mg/S.S.) when compared with the control (11.3 percent and 293.45 mg), mortality and larval weight, respectively. The electrophoresis with gelatin (0.1 percent) showed two very clear white areas (trypsin activity) in the caterpillars midgut of all the treatments. Only the caterpillar treated with S. saponaria presented significant differences, showing trypsin activity (10.59 percent). Sapindus saponaria appeared better than Talisia esculenta and showed good potential to be used as control agent for S. frugiperda.


Este estudo procurou avaliar o potencial inseticida dos extratos aquosos de sementes de Talisia esculenta (St. Hil.) Radlk (Pitombal) e Sapindus saponaria L. (Saboneteira), ambas da família Sapindaceae, sobre Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), importante praga da lavoura de milho. As folhas de milho foram imersas nos tratamentos com extratos aquosos (1 por cento p/v) e oferecidas como alimento para as lagartas. Os resultados do período larval tais como mortalidade e peso médio foram respectivamente: para S. saponaria 63,15 por cento, 86,65 mg; para T. esculenta 26,71 por cento, 237,50 mg e para o controle 11,3 por cento, 293,45 mg. A eletroforese com gelatina 0,1 por cento mostrou duas regiões brancas muito nítidas (atividade tríptica) no intestino médio das lagartas de todos os tratamentos. Somente as lagartas do tratamento S. saponaria, apresentaram diferenças significativas, com uma atividade tríptica 10,59 por cento menor.

10.
Acta amaz ; 37(2): 213-218, jun. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-462049

ABSTRACT

No ramo da preservação de madeira, a eficiência de compostos naturais há muito tem sido avaliada, visando encontrar substâncias que não só aumentem a vida útil de madeiras de baixa durabilidade, mas também causem menor dano ao meio ambiente. Nesse contexto, o potencial de extrativos do lenho e da casca das espécies madeireiras Pouteria guianensis,Buchenavia parviflora e Dinizia excelsa em repelir o ataque de cupins Nasutitermes sp. foi avaliado, utilizando-se como substrato a espécie Simarouba amara, de baixa durabilidade. Os extrativos foram obtidos em etanol 95 por cento, diluídos em solução hidroalcoólica (1 e 0,1 por cento), e impregnados em blocos de S. amara, segundo ASTM D1413-76. Os blocos foram montados em quadrado latino em uma plataforma e submetidos ao ataque dos cupins. O efeito das soluções foi classificado pela perda de peso dos blocos de S. amara. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos tratamentos conferiu ótima resistência à madeira de S. amara. O melhor tratamento foi aquele efetuado com extrativos da casca de P. guianensis, onde a perda foi somente de 10 por cento do peso inicial dos blocos, enquanto que o menos efetivo foi aquele com extrativos da casca de D. excelsa, com perda de 70 por cento de peso do bloco. Assim, pode-se concluir que os extrativos do lenho e da casca de P. guianensis e B. parviflora e do lenho de D. excelsa apresentam, a princípio, compostos com propriedades de repelência a Nasutitermes sp., e os extrativos da casca de D. excelsa não apresentam estes componentes.


In wood preservation, efficiency evaluation of some natural compounds has been going on for some time, looking for substances that can be used to increase the useful life of wood species, and that are less damaging to the environment. In this context, we evaluted the potential of wood and bark extractives of the species Pouteria guianensis,Buchenavia parviflora and Dinizia excelsa in repelling Nasutitermes sp. As substrate, blocks of Simarouba amara species, of low durability, was used. The extractives were obtained in ethanol 95 percent, diluted in hydro-alcoholic solution (1 percent and 0.1 percent), and impregnated in a block of S. amara, according to ASTM D1413-76. The blocks were arranged on a platform in Latin square and submitted to termite attack. The effect of the solutions on termites was classified according to weight loss of the S. amara blocks. The results showed that a big majority of extractive treatments provided high resistance to S. amara wood. The best treatment was that made with the P. guianensis bark extractives, where loss was only 10 percent of the initial block weight. The less effective treatment was that of the D. excelsa bark extractives, with 70 percent loss of block weight. Thus, we concluded that the wood and bark extractives of P. guianensis and B. parviflora and wood extractives of D. excelsa present chemical compounds with repellent properties against Nasutitermes sp., while the bark extractives of D. excelsa do not.


Subject(s)
Wood , Amazonian Ecosystem , Insecticides
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