ABSTRACT
The dura mater is a double-layer tough membrane tissue located between the surface of the brain and the inner surface of the skull that supports and protects the brain tissue. The phenomenon of dural defects caused by tumor resection, inflammation destruction, and craniotomies is becoming more common clinically. Therefore, the development of effective dural repair materials can not only reduce the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid and the occurrence of epilepsy complications but also promote the recovery of the dural defect to its normal physiological structure. With the continuous development of modern medicine, many biomaterials have been developed for dural defect repair. At present, the most promising and most researched biomaterials are synthetic polymer materials and natural polymer materials. Synthetic polymer materials have been extensively studied by domestic and foreign scholars due to their stable performance, low foreign body infection, and easy mass production advantages. Natural polymer materials are the most promising biomaterials because of their extensive sources, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability advantages. This article summarizes the research progress based on synthetic polymer materials and natural polymer materials in dural repair materials. In this review paper, the application progress of synthetic polymer materials and natural polymer materials in dural membrane repair was reviewed.
ABSTRACT
Silk fibroin is a natural polymer with certain water solubility, structural modification, good biocompatibility and biodegradability, which can be used as a drug delivery carrier material. As a promising drug delivery system, drug-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles can control drug release, reduce toxicity and improve therapeutic effects. In this paper, the basic characteristics of silk fibroin, the preparation methods of drug-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles and the application of silk fibroin in nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are reviewed, and on this basis, the further development of drug-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles is prospected.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To develop and evaluate the mucoadhesive microsphere using combinations of natural polymers chitosan and xanthan gum for sustained release. Methods: In the present work mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by using natural polymers like chitosan and xanthan gum by using the emulsion chemical cross-linking method. Chemical cross-linking was done by using glutaraldehyde. The 22 factorial design was employed to show the effect of cross-linking agent and processing factor-like stirring and speed. Prepared microspheres were evaluated for their particle size, surface morphology, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, swelling index, and mucoadhesive strength. Results: The size of microspheres of factorial batches were in the range of 26-46 µm. The swelling index was showed in the range of 1.51-1.66 percentage. The equation of multiple regression revealed that there was significant interaction among factors. The glutaraldehyde concentration had a positive effect on % entrapment efficiency, % cumulative drug release and % mucoadhesion. Stirring speed showed a negative impact on % entrapment efficiency, % cumulative drug release and % mucoadhesion. The interactive effect of glutaraldehyde concentration and the stirring speed was found to be positive for % entrapment efficiency and % cumulative drug release. In vitro drug release study of optimized formulation F2 show 96 % of drug release with 6 h indicating sustained release behavior with diffusion mechanism. The SEM image of the optimized batch was spherical with a porous surface. Conclusion: The results obtained in this research work indicated that a promising potential of chitosan and xanthan gum combination for the preparation of the mucoadhesive microsphere of Racecadotril.
ABSTRACT
@#Microsphere as a drug delivery system with broad prospect for development and application has always been a research focus in pharmaceutics for its. Though literature survey of related papers published in domestic and foreign journals by Chinese authors in 2016, the research advances of materials of microspheres, which can be divided into natural polymer materials, synthetic polymer materials and inorganic materials, were summarized. Microsphere products at home and abroad were also analyzed. This review will provide some reference for correlative researchers.
ABSTRACT
Natural polymer like potato starch is a mixture of amylose and amylopectin, . Extraction of Potato starch was performed by rasping, centrifugation, refining and drying method. In our research method, we employed potato starch as a biodegradable polymer; It has a great impact on pharmaceutical applications due to its bioavailability, non toxic, high change density and biodegradability. In our research work, we have selected Potato starch polymer as a model of immunomodulatory effect of vaccine of tetanus antigen. According to WHO, Tetanus is a systemic infectious disease caused by genus Cl Tetanii. It has been estimated that the tetanus fever endemicity among large populations and global emergence of multidrug resistant strains to impose greater urgency on the evaluation of existing and new vaccines to prevent mortality of neonates and in pregnancy. Recently available recombinant vaccine was seems to be side effect and cost effective. The starch polymer in the form of microspheres was preferred in order to replace the alum to elicit sustained immune response because alum induces local granuloma and hypersensitivity reaction to some individual. We have employed microencapsulation technique by using 0.5% ml glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The particle size was analyzed as 40.23μm. Invitro studies was analyzed by SEM, stabilities studies Immunogenicity studies was carried out by incubating the sample, centrifuged and tested for an antigen and the Compatibility study was performed by Infrared Spectroscopy, the antigen integrity was studied by SDS PAGE and ELISA. Immunoglobulin titer values was found out ( IgG, IgA,IgM, IgE) to show the increase level of antibody response.
ABSTRACT
The main aim of the present research was to develop a fast dissolving oral polymeric film with good mechanical properties, faster disintegration and dissolution when placed on tongue. Donepezil hydrochloride (DPH) is prescribed in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The polymers selected for preparing films were sodium alginate (SA), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and guar gum (GG). Three batches of films were prepared by solvent casting method with sodium alginate, sodium alginate & PVA and with the combination of sodium alginate & guar gum. From these three batches, three optimized film formulations S3, SP7 and SG8 were selected based on disintegration time. To these three selected film formulations, superdisintegrants sodium starch glycolate (SSG), cross carmellose sodium (CCS) and cross povidone (CP) were added at a concentration of 4% w/w of polymer to improve the disintegration time. The films prepared with or without superdisintegrants were compared for fast releasing properties. Based on DT and in vitro dissolution data, S3CP was selected as the best formulation among the all formulations.
ABSTRACT
The main aim of the present research was to develop a fast dissolving oral polymeric film with good mechanical properties, faster disintegration and dissolution when placed on tongue. Donepezil hydrochloride (DPH) is prescribed in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The polymers selected for preparing films were sodium alginate (SA), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and guar gum (GG). Three batches of films were prepared by solvent casting method with sodium alginate, sodium alginate & PVA and with the combination of sodium alginate & guar gum. From these three batches, three optimized film formulations S3, SP7 and SG8 were selected based on disintegration time. To these three selected film formulations, superdisintegrants sodium starch glycolate (SSG), cross carmellose sodium (CCS) and cross povidone (CP) were added at a concentration of 4% w/w of polymer to improve the disintegration time. The films prepared with or without superdisintegrants were compared for fast releasing properties. Based on DT and in vitro dissolution data, S3CP was selected as the best formulation among the all formulations.
ABSTRACT
Chitosan (CS) is a naturally occurring polymer which finds a wide array of pharmaceutical applications due to its low production costs, biodegradability, biocompatibility, nontoxic nature and mucoadhesion. It has been used in the blueprint of many different types of drug carriers; for various administration rules such as oral, buccal, nasal, transdermal, parenteral, vaginal, cervical, intrauterine and rectal. CS microspheres can be prepared by chemical denaturation process, solvent evaporation method and complex coacervation methods.
ABSTRACT
Natural polymer like potato starch is a mixture of amylose and amylopectin, . Extraction of Potato starch was performed by rasping, centrifugation, refining and drying method. In our research method, we employed potato starch as a biodegradable polymer; It has a great impact on pharmaceutical applications due to its bioavailability, non toxic, high change density and biodegradability. In our research work, we have selected Potato starch polymer as a model of immunomodulatory effect of vaccine of tetanus antigen. According to WHO, Tetanus is a systemic infectious disease caused by genus Cl Tetanii. It has been estimated that the tetanus fever endemicity among large populations and global emergence of multidrug resistant strains to impose greater urgency on the evaluation of existing and new vaccines to prevent mortality of neonates and in pregnancy. Recently available recombinant vaccine was seems to be side effect and cost effective. The starch polymer in the form of microspheres was preferred in order to replace the alum to elicit sustained immune response because alum induces local granuloma and hypersensitivity reaction to some individual. We have employed microencapsulation technique by using 0.5% ml glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The particle size was analyzed as 40.23μm. Invitro studies was analyzed by SEM, stabilities studies Immunogenicity studies was carried out by incubating the sample, centrifuged and tested for an antigen and the Compatibility study was performed by Infrared Spectroscopy, the antigen integrity was studied by SDS PAGE and ELISA. Immunoglobulin titer values was found out ( IgG, IgA,IgM, IgE) to show the increase level of antibody response.